scholarly journals LncRNA-MCM3AP-AS1 Promotes the Progression of Infantile Hemangiomas by Increasing miR-138-5p/HIF-1α Axis-Regulated Glycolysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haijun Mei ◽  
Hua Xian ◽  
Jing Ke
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Benign Tumor ◽  
Aerobic Oxidation ◽  
Infantile Hemangioma ◽  
Promoting Effect ◽  
Multiple Tumors ◽  
Common Benign Tumor ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Infantile hemangioma (IH) is a common benign tumor of endothelial cells in infants. Most hemangiomas are self-limited, but a few may develop and lead to serious complications that affect the normal life of children. Therefore, finding an effective treatment strategy for IH is a pressing need. Recent studies have demonstrated that non-coding RNAs affect the progression of multiple tumors. This study aims to investigate the mechanism by which LncRNA-MCM3AP-AS1 promotes glycolysis in the pathogenesis of IH. We first documented that the expression of LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 was significantly upregulated in IH. Furthermore, we demonstrated that MCM3AP-AS1 bound to miR-106b-3p which promotes glycolysis in IH. In addition, we found that inhibition of HIF-1α contributed to the transformation of glycolysis to normal aerobic oxidation, partially reversed the promoting effect on glycolysis by the up-regulation of LncRNA MCM3AP-AS1 in IH disease. More importantly, we demonstrated this phenomenon existed in IH patients. Taken together, we demonstrate that LncRNA-MCM3AP-AS1 promotes the progression of infantile hemangiomas by increasing the glycolysis via regulating miR-138-5p/HIF-1α axis.

scholarly journals KRAS or BRAF mutations cause hepatic vascular cavernomas treatable with MAP2K–MAPK1 inhibition

2020 ◽  
Vol 217 (7) ◽  
Author(s):  
Harish Palleti Janardhan ◽  
Xiuling Meng ◽  
Karen Dresser ◽  
Lloyd Hutchinson ◽  
Chinmay M. Trivedi
Keyword(s):  
Endothelial Cells ◽  
Benign Tumor ◽  
Causal Mechanism ◽  
Braf Mutations ◽  
Gain Of Function ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Common Benign Tumor ◽  
Road Map ◽  
Branching Patterns ◽  
Liver Endothelial Cells

Human hepatic vascular cavernomas, the most common benign tumor of the liver, were described in the mid-1800s, yet the mechanisms for their formation and effective treatments remain unknown. Here, we demonstrate gain-of-function mutations in KRAS or BRAF genes within liver endothelial cells as a causal mechanism for hepatic vascular cavernomas. We identified gain-of-function mutations in KRAS or BRAF genes in pathological liver tissue samples from patients with hepatic vascular cavernomas. Mice expressing these human KRASG12D or BRAFV600E mutations in hepatic endothelial cells recapitulated the human hepatic vascular cavernoma phenotype of dilated sinusoidal capillaries with defective branching patterns. KRASG12D or BRAFV600E induced “zipper-like” contiguous expression of junctional proteins at sinusoidal endothelial cell–cell contacts, switching capillaries from branching to cavernous expansion. Pharmacological or genetic inhibition of the endothelial RAS–MAPK1 signaling pathway rescued hepatic vascular cavernoma formation in endothelial KRASG12D- or BRAFV600E-expressing mice. These results uncover a major cause of hepatic vascular cavernomas and provide a road map for their personalized treatment.

scholarly journals Safe and Effective Treatment of Intracranial Infantile Hemangiomas with Beta-Blockers

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (3) ◽  
pp. 347-356
Author(s):  
Aoife Naughton ◽  
Ariel Yuhan Ong ◽  
Goran Darius Hildebrand
Keyword(s):  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Beta Blockers ◽  
Combined Treatment ◽  
Infantile Hemangioma ◽  
Intracranial Extension ◽  
Vascular Tumors ◽  
Complete Regression ◽  
Pharmacological Management ◽  
Excellent Outcome ◽  
The Right

Infantile hemangiomas are common benign vascular tumors but are rarely found in an intracranial location. Our literature review identified 41 reported cases. There is no general consensus on management of these rare lesions and until recently, treatment was limited to surgery or pharmacological management with steroids or interferon. Although beta-blockers have been widely prescribed in the treatment of cutaneous infantile hemangiomas since 2008, their use in the treatment of intracranial infantile hemangiomas has been minimal. We present a case of infantile hemangioma affecting the right orbit, associated with intracranial extension, causing intermittent right facial nerve palsy. The patient achieved an excellent outcome following combined treatment with oral propranolol and topical timolol maleate 0.5%, with complete regression of the lesion by 4 months. We conclude that beta-blockers are a safe and effective treatment of intracranial infantile hemangiomas and can be employed as first-line management of these lesions.

scholarly journals The Role of Pharmacogenetics in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus / ULOGA FARMAKOGENETIKE U LEČNJU DIJABETES MELITUSA

2014 ◽  
Vol 33 (1) ◽  
pp. 58-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elizabeta Topić
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Screening Program ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Dipeptidyl Peptidase 4 ◽  
Glucosidase Inhibitors ◽  
Baseline Information ◽  
Approved Drugs ◽  
Therapeutic Decision Making

Summary Diabetes mellitus is a heterogeneous group of disorders in which particular disease phenotypes can be characterized by a specific etiology and/or pathogenesis of the disease, but in many cases its classification is greatly impeded due to significant phenotype overlapping. Diabetes is a wordwide epidemic with significant health and economic consequences. The frequency of type 2 diabetes (T2D) is much higher than type 1 diabetes (T1D). In adults, around 285 million people suffer from T2DM with a projected rise to 438 million in the next 20 years. A variety of pharmacological treatments exist for patients with T2D, in addition to dietary and physical activity. Pharmacologically, diabetes is treated with nine major classes of approved drugs, including insulin and its analogues, sulfonylureas, biguanides, thiazolidinediones (TZDs), meglitinides, a-glucosidase inhibitors, amylin analogues, incretin hormone mimetics, and dipeptidyl peptidase 4 (DPP4) inhibitors. Treatment strategy for T2D is based mostly on oral hypoglycemic drug (OHD) efficacy assessed usually by HbA1c and/or fasting plasma glucose. The patients are often treated with more than one OHD in combination with the purpose to receive more effective treatment. Characterization of drug response is expected to substantially increase the ability to provide patients with the most effective treatment strategy. If pharmacogenetic testing for diabetes drugs could be used to predict treatment outcome, appropriate measures could be taken to treat T2D more efficiently. To date, major pharmacogenetic studies have focused on response to sulfonylureas, biguanides, and TZDs, the most used OHD. A comprehensive review of the pharmacogenetic studies of specific OHD is presented in this article. Understanding the pharmacogenetics of these drugs will provide critical baseline information for the development and implementation of a genetic screening program into therapeutic decision making, enabling a personalized medicine approach for T2D patients.

scholarly journals Effective treatment of different types of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescent girls

2022 ◽  
pp. 56-60
Author(s):  
E. V. Uvarova ◽  
E. P. Khashchenko ◽  
S. O. Kyurdzidi
Keyword(s):  
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Adolescent Girls ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Polycystic Ovary ◽  
Young Female ◽  
Diagnosis And Treatment ◽  
Medical Community ◽  
Ovary Syndrome ◽  
Female Patients

This review is addressing an urgent problem of diagnosis and treatment strategy of polycystic ovary syndrome in adolescent girls. We analysed data from modern literary publications on the epidemiology and classification of the disease, as well as the adaptation of general principles for the management of young female patients tailored to their age peculiarities. The effective treatment strategies for adolescent girls with PCOS depending on its type are presented. Today there are several contradictions associated with both the diagnosis and treatment of the disease in the medical community. Thus, the use of the well-known Rotterdam criteria makes it difficult to diagnose PCOS in adolescent girls, since the criteria do not take into account characteristic changes that occur during puberty. Such manifestations as acne, hirsutism, menstrual irregularities, high androgen levels and morphology of polycystic ovaries on pelvic ultrasound imaging should be assessed with due account for age, puberty, hormonal balance with an assessment of the ratio of LH (luteinizing hormone)/FSH (follicle-stimulating hormone) and Free Androgen Index. There is no consensus in the medical community regarding the treatment strategy for PCOS. International communities have identified two main goals in the management of patients: normalization of menstrual function and improvement of the patients’ quality of life by preventing clinical symptoms of hyperandrogenism, and metabolic disorders of hyperplastic processes in target organs.Our analysis of objective scientific data showed that modern monophasic combined oral contraceptives (COCs) supplemented by of a folate component should be used to treat young female patients with PCOS, hyperandrogenism and psychosomatic disorders.

scholarly journals Targeting Inflammasome Activation in COVID-19: Delivery of RNA Interference-Based Therapeutic Molecules

Biomedicines ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (12) ◽  
pp. 1823
Author(s):  
Lealem Gedefaw ◽  
Sami Ullah ◽  
Thomas M. H. Lee ◽  
Shea Ping Yip ◽  
Chien-Ling Huang
Keyword(s):  
Rna Interference ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Drug Efficacy ◽  
Immune Dysregulation ◽  
Inflammasome Activation ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Therapeutic Molecules ◽  
Non Coding Rnas

Mortality and morbidity associated with COVID-19 continue to be significantly high worldwide, owing to the absence of effective treatment strategies. The emergence of different variants of SARS-CoV-2 is also a considerable source of concern and has led to challenges in the development of better prevention and treatment strategies, including vaccines. Immune dysregulation due to pro-inflammatory mediators has worsened the situation in COVID-19 patients. Inflammasomes play a critical role in modulating pro-inflammatory cytokines in the pathogenesis of COVID-19 and their activation is associated with poor clinical outcomes. Numerous preclinical and clinical trials for COVID-19 treatment using different approaches are currently underway. Targeting different inflammasomes to reduce the cytokine storm, and its associated complications, in COVID-19 patients is a new area of research. Non-coding RNAs, targeting inflammasome activation, may serve as an effective treatment strategy. However, the efficacy of these therapeutic agents is highly dependent on the delivery system. MicroRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, in conjunction with an efficient delivery vehicle, present a potential strategy for regulating NLRP3 activity through various RNA interference (RNAi) mechanisms. In this regard, the use of nanomaterials and other vehicle types for the delivery of RNAi-based therapeutic molecules for COVID-19 may serve as a novel approach for enhancing drug efficacy. The present review briefly summarizes immune dysregulation and its consequences, the roles of different non-coding RNAs in regulating the NLRP3 inflammasome, distinct types of vectors for their delivery, and potential therapeutic targets of microRNA for treatment of COVID-19.

Treatment of patients waitlisted for liver transplant with all-oral direct-acting antivirals is a cost-effective treatment strategy in the United States

Hepatology ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 66 (1) ◽  
pp. 46-56 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aijaz Ahmed ◽  
Stevan A. Gonzalez ◽  
George Cholankeril ◽  
Ryan B. Perumpail ◽  
Justin McGinnis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Liver Transplant ◽  
Effective Treatment ◽  
Treatment Strategy ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
The United States ◽  
Direct Acting Antivirals ◽  
Cost Effective Treatment ◽  
Direct Acting
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