scholarly journals Do High Mental Demands at Work Protect Cognitive Health in Old Age via Hippocampal Volume? Results From a Community Sample

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisca S. Rodriguez ◽  
Sebastian Huhn ◽  
William A. Vega ◽  
Maria P. Aranda ◽  
Matthias L. Schroeter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Community Sample ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cognitive Health ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Mental Demands ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
E4 Allele

As higher mental demands at work are associated with lower dementia risk and a key symptom of dementia is hippocampal atrophy, the study aimed at investigating the association between mental demands at work and hippocampal volume. We analyzed data from the population-based LIFE-Adult-Study in Leipzig, Germany (n = 1,409, age 40–80). Hippocampal volumes were measured via three-dimensional Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI; 3D MP-RAGE) and mental demands at work were classified via the O*NET database. Linear regression analyses adjusted for gender, age, education, APOE e4-allele, hypertension, and diabetes revealed associations between higher demands in “language and knowledge,” “information processing,” and “creativity” at work on larger white and gray matter volume and better cognitive functioning with “creativity” having stronger effects for people not yet retired. Among retired individuals, higher demands in “pattern detection” were associated with larger white matter volume as well as larger hippocampal subfields CA2/CA3, suggesting a retention effect later in life. There were no other relevant associations with hippocampal volume. Our findings do not support the idea that mental demands at work protect cognitive health via hippocampal volume or brain volume. Further research may clarify through what mechanism mentally demanding activities influence specifically dementia pathology in the brain.

Sleep Duration, Sleep Apnea, and Gray Matter Volume

2021 ◽  
pp. 089198872098891
Author(s):  
Regina Eun Young Kim ◽  
Robert Douglas Abbott ◽  
Soriul Kim ◽  
Robert Joseph Thomas ◽  
Chang-Ho Yun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Sleep Apnea ◽  
Sleep Duration ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Brain Regions ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Bootstrap Sampling ◽  
Matter Volume

This study aimed to evaluate the effect of sleep duration on brain structures in the presence versus absence of sleep apnea in middle-aged and older individuals. The study investigated a population-based sample of 2,560 individuals, aged 49-80 years. The presence of sleep apnea and self-reported sleep duration were examined in relation to gray matter volume (GMV) in total and lobar brain regions. We identified ranges of sleep duration associated with maximal GMV using quadratic regression and bootstrap sampling. A significant quadratic association between sleep duration and GMV was observed in total and lobar brain regions of men with sleep apnea. In the fully adjusted model, optimal sleep durations associated with peak GMV between brain regions ranged from 6.7 to 7.0 hours. Shorter and longer sleep durations were associated with lower GMV in total and 4 sub-regions of the brain in men with sleep apnea.

Effects of cumulative illness severity on hippocampal gray matter volume in major depression: a voxel-based morphometry study

2018 ◽  
Vol 48 (14) ◽  
pp. 2391-2398 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dario Zaremba ◽  
Verena Enneking ◽  
Susanne Meinert ◽  
Katharina Förster ◽  
Christian Bürger ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Major Depression ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Principal Component ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Illness Severity ◽  
Voxel Based Morphometry ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Duration Of Illness ◽  
Component Scores

AbstractBackgroundPatients with major depression show reduced hippocampal volume compared to healthy controls. However, the contribution of patients’ cumulative illness severity to hippocampal volume has rarely been investigated. It was the aim of our study to find a composite score of cumulative illness severity that is associated with hippocampal volume in depression.MethodsWe estimated hippocampal gray matter volume using 3-tesla brain magnetic resonance imaging in 213 inpatients with acute major depression according to DSM-IV criteria (employing the SCID interview) and 213 healthy controls. Patients’ cumulative illness severity was ascertained by six clinical variables via structured clinical interviews. A principal component analysis was conducted to identify components reflecting cumulative illness severity. Regression analyses and a voxel-based morphometry approach were used to investigate the influence of patients’ individual component scores on hippocampal volume.ResultsPrincipal component analysis yielded two main components of cumulative illness severity: Hospitalization and Duration of Illness. While the component Hospitalization incorporated information from the intensity of inpatient treatment, the component Duration of Illness was based on the duration and frequency of illness episodes. We could demonstrate a significant inverse association of patients’ Hospitalization component scores with bilateral hippocampal gray matter volume. This relationship was not found for Duration of Illness component scores.ConclusionsVariables associated with patients’ history of psychiatric hospitalization seem to be accurate predictors of hippocampal volume in major depression and reliable estimators of patients’ cumulative illness severity. Future studies should pay attention to these measures when investigating hippocampal volume changes in major depression.

Depressive symptoms in Parkinson’s disease are related to decreased left hippocampal volume: correlation with the 15-item shortened version of the Geriatric Depression Scale

2017 ◽  
Vol 59 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Masami Goto ◽  
Koji Kamagata ◽  
Taku Hatano ◽  
Nobutaka Hattori ◽  
Osamu Abe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Parkinson’S Disease ◽  
Parkinson's Disease ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Geriatric Depression Scale ◽  
Depression Scale ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Geriatric Depression ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Relationship

Background The relationship between hippocampal and amygdaloid volumes and depression in patients with Parkinson’s disease (PD) is a controversial issue. Purpose To investigate the correlation between the 15-item shortened version of the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15) and gray matter volume in PD. Material and Methods In the present study, 46 participants with PD were scanned with 3 T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) to obtain three-dimensional (3D) T1-weighted (T1W) images. Neurologists specializing in movement disorders performed clinical evaluations of the participants (e.g. GDS-15, Mini-Mental State Examination, PD duration, age, sex). Statistical Parametric Mapping 8 software was used for image gray matter segmentation and for a correlation analysis between gray matter volume and GDS-15 score. Results The results showed a significant negative correlation between GDS-15 score and left hippocampal volume, and between GDS-15 score and right parahippocampal gyrus volume. No significant positive correlations were found in the whole brain. Conclusion The current results provide new evidence regarding the relationship between depression in PD and hippocampal volume.

Gray Matter Volume in Elderly adults With ADHD: Associations of Symptoms and Comorbidities With Brain Structures

2019 ◽  
pp. 108705471985568
Author(s):  
Margarete Klein ◽  
Fábio Luis Souza-Duran ◽  
Anny Karinna Pires Mendes Menezes ◽  
Tania Maria Alves ◽  
Geraldo Busatto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Region Of Interest ◽  
Brain Structures ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Affective Processing ◽  
Old Patients ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
The Right

Objective: To investigate total and selected region-of-interest-based gray matter volume (GMV) in older adults with ADHD. Method: Twenty-five elderly (≥65 years old) patients with ADHD and 34 healthy controls underwent 1.5-T magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). We used voxel-based morphometry to compare GMV between groups and performed a correlation analysis with ADHD symptoms and comorbidities. Results: Findings revealed a smaller total GMV in males with ADHD and a smaller GMV in the right medial frontal orbital area extending toward the medial frontal superior, the frontal superior, and the subgenual anterior cingulate cortex (ACC) besides correlations between inattentiveness and ACC (bilaterally) and left cerebellum, hyperactivity/impulsivity and the left frontal inferior orbital, depression and caudate (bilaterally), and the right inferior parietal lobule. Conclusion: Neural correlates in regions related to attention, executive control, and affective processing suggest that impairments in frontostriatal and frontoparietal-cerebellar areas observed in adults with ADHD persist into old age.

scholarly journals Total and Regional Gray Matter Volume Is Not Related to APOE*E4 Status in a Community Sample of Middle-Aged Individuals

2008 ◽  
Vol 63 (5) ◽  
pp. 501-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
N. Cherbuin ◽  
K. J. Anstey ◽  
P. S. Sachdev ◽  
J. J. Maller ◽  
C. Meslin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Middle Aged ◽  
Matter Volume

scholarly journals Obesity and Gray Matter Volume Assessed by Neuroimaging: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (8) ◽  
pp. 999
Author(s):  
Marina Fernández-Andújar ◽  
Ester Morales García ◽  
Natalia García-Casares
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Gray Matter ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Imaging Mri ◽  
Prospective Longitudinal

Obesity has become a major public and individual health problem due to its high worldwide prevalence and its relation with comorbid conditions. According to previous studies, obesity is related to an increased risk of cognitive impairment and dementia. This systematic review aims to further examine the present state of the art about the association between obesity and gray matter volume (GMV) as assessed by magnetic resonance imaging (MRI). A search was conducted in Pubmed, SCOPUS and Cochrane of those studies released before 1 February 2021 including MRIs to assess the GMVs in obese participants. From this search, 1420 results were obtained, and 34 publications were finally included. Obesity was mainly measured by the body mass index, although other common types of evaluations were used (e.g., waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio and plasma leptin levels). The selected neuroimaging analysis methods were voxel-based morphometry (VBM) and cortical thickness (CT), finding 21 and 13 publications, respectively. There were 30 cross-sectional and 2 prospective longitudinal studies, and 2 articles had both cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. Most studies showed a negative association between obesity and GMV. This would have important public health implications, as obesity prevention could avoid a potential risk of GMV reductions, cognitive impairment and dementia.

scholarly journals Microglial activation in early Alzheimer trajectory is associated with higher gray matter volume

Neurology ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 92 (12) ◽  
pp. e1331-e1343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Grazia Daniela Femminella ◽  
Melanie Dani ◽  
Melanie Wood ◽  
Zhen Fan ◽  
Valeria Calsolaro ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Microglial Activation ◽  
Arterial Input Function ◽  
Neuronal Damage ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Statistical Parametric Mapping ◽  
Hippocampal Volume ◽  
Parametric Mapping ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
Early Stages

ObjectiveTo investigate the influence of microglial activation in the early stages of Alzheimer's disease trajectory, we assessed the relationship between microglial activation and gray matter volume and hippocampal volume in patients with mild cognitive impairment (MCI).MethodsIn this study, 55 participants (37 with early stages of MCI and 18 controls) underwent [11C]PBR28 PET, a marker of microglial activation; volumetric MRI to evaluate gray matter and hippocampal volumes as well as clinical and neuropsychometric evaluation. [11C]PBR28 VT(volume of distribution) was calculated using arterial input function and Logan graphical analysis. Gray matter volume and hippocampal volumes were calculated from MRI for each participant. Statistical parametric mapping software was used to perform voxel-wise correlations and biological parametric mapping analysis. Amyloid status was assessed using [18F]flutemetamol PET.ResultsHigher [11C]PBR28 VTin different cortical areas correlated with higher gray matter volume in both amyloid-positive and -negative MCI. In addition, higher hippocampal volume correlated with higher cortical [11C]PBR28 Logan VT.ConclusionsIn this in vivo study, we have demonstrated that microglial activation quantified using [11C]PBR28 PET was associated with higher gray matter volume and higher hippocampal volume in patients with MCI. This might suggest that microglial activation may not always be associated with neuronal damage, and indeed it may have a beneficial effect in the early stages of the Alzheimer trajectory. While further longitudinal studies are necessary, these findings have significant implications on therapeutic strategies targeting microglial activation.

scholarly journals A Multidimensional Examination of Psychopathy Traits and Gray Matter Volume in Adults

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rickie Miglin ◽  
Samantha Rodriguez ◽  
Nadia Bounoua ◽  
Naomi Sadeh
Keyword(s):  
Gray Matter ◽  
Parietal Lobe ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Gray Matter Volume ◽  
Interactive Effect ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Psychopathic Traits ◽  
Negatively Associated ◽  
Matter Volume ◽  
The Right

Abstract Uncovering the neurobiological abnormalities that may contribute to the manifestation of psychopathic traits is an important step towards understanding the etiology of this disorder. Although many studies have examined gray matter volume (GMV) in relation to psychopathy, few have examined how dimensions of psychopathic traits interactively relate to GMV, an approach that holds promise for parsing heterogeneity in neurobiological risk factors for this disorder. The aim of this study was to investigate the affective-interpersonal (Factor 1) and impulsive-antisocial (Factor 2) dimensions of psychopathy in relation to cortical surface and subcortical GMV in a mixed-gender, high-risk community sample with significant justice-system involvement (N = 156, 50.0% men). Cortex-wide analysis indicated that (i) the Factor 1 traits correlated negatively with GMV in two cortical clusters, one in the right rostral middle frontal region and one in the occipital lobe, and (ii) the interaction of the affective-interpersonal and impulsive-antisocial traits was negatively associated with GMV bilaterally in the parietal lobe, such that individuals high on both trait dimensions evidenced reduced GMV relative to individuals high on only one psychopathy factor. An interactive effect also emerged for bilateral amygdalar and hippocampal GMV, such that Factor 1 psychopathic traits were significantly negatively associated with GMV only at high (but not low) levels of Factor 2 traits. Results extend prior research by demonstrating the neurobiological correlates of psychopathy differ based on the presentation of Factor 1 and 2 traits.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document