scholarly journals Age-Stratified Risk of Dementia in Parkinson's Disease: A Nationwide, Population-Based, Retrospective Cohort Study in Taiwan

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ting-Ya Chang ◽  
Chun-Pai Yang ◽  
Yi-Huei Chen ◽  
Ching-Heng Lin ◽  
Ming-Hong Chang
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Survival Rate ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Motor Symptoms ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Free Survival ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Dementia Incidence

Introduction: Parkinson's disease (PD) manifests with dominant motor symptoms and a wide range of non-motor symptoms (NMS). Dementia is one of the most disabling and exhausting NMS throughout the clinical course. We conducted a population-based, age-stratified, retrospective cohort study to investigate the incidence rate and risk of dementia of patients with newly diagnosed PD, and linked to the clinicopathological PD subtypes.Methods: Patients with newly diagnosed PD (PD group, n = 760) and control subjects (non-PD group, n = 3,034) were selected from the Taiwan's National Health Insurance Research Database from January 2001 to December 2005. The dementia incidence rate and dementia-free survival rate were calculated.Results: The overall dementia incidence rate was 17.5 and 5.7 per 1,000 person-years in PD and non-PD groups, respectively. The PD group had a significantly higher overall risk of dementia than controls (p < 0.001). The younger PD patients had a lower dementia incidence rate than the older PD patients, but a higher dementia risk compared to the same age of controls (<60 years, adjusted HR 6.55, 95% CI 1.56–27.48, p = 0.010). The dementia-free survival rate was significantly lower in the PD group compared to the non-PD group during follow-up (p < 0.001).Conclusion: In our study, the older age of onset in PD patients resulted in a higher incidence rate of dementia. In the young age of PD patients, the incidence rate of dementia was lower than the older PD patients, but the dementia risk was higher than controls of the same age. These findings possibly implied that there were different pathogenesis and pathologies causing dementia in younger and older PD patients.

scholarly journals Simultaneous temporal trends in dementia incidence and prevalence, 2005–2013: a population-based retrospective cohort study in Saskatchewan, Canada

2016 ◽  
Vol 28 (10) ◽  
pp. 1643-1658 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie G. Kosteniuk ◽  
Debra G. Morgan ◽  
Megan E. O'Connell ◽  
Andrew Kirk ◽  
Margaret Crossley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Time Trends ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Temporal Trends ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Dementia Incidence ◽  
Administrative Health Databases ◽  
Incident Cases

ABSTRACTBackground:Original studies published over the last decade regarding time trends in dementia report mixed results. The aims of the present study were to use linked administrative health data for the province of Saskatchewan for the period 2005/2006 to 2012/2013 to: (1) examine simultaneous temporal trends in annual age- and sex-specific dementia incidence and prevalence among individuals aged 45 and older, and (2) stratify the changes in incidence over time by database of identification.Methods:Using a population-based retrospective cohort study design, data were extracted from seven provincial administrative health databases linked by a unique anonymized identification number. Individuals 45 years and older at first identification of dementia between April 1, 2005 and March 31, 2013 were included, based on case definition criteria met within any one of four administrative health databases (hospital, physician, prescription drug, and long-term care).Results:Between 2005/2006 and 2012/2013, the 12-month age-standardized incidence rate of dementia declined significantly by 11.07% and the 12-month age-standardized prevalence increased significantly by 30.54%. The number of incident cases decreased from 3,389 to 3,270 and the number of prevalent cases increased from 8,795 to 13,012. Incidence rate reductions were observed in every database of identification.Conclusions:We observed a simultaneous trend of decreasing incidence and increasing prevalence of dementia over a relatively short 8-year time period from 2005/2006 to 2012/2013. These trends indicate that the average survival time of dementia is lengthening. Continued observation of these time trends is warranted given the short study period.

scholarly journals Incidence of Second Primary Malignancies in Patients with Castration-Resistant Prostate Cancer: An Observational Retrospective Cohort Study in the United States

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catherine W. Saltus ◽  
Zdravko P. Vassilev ◽  
Jihong Zong ◽  
Brian Calingaert ◽  
Elizabeth B. Andrews ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostate Cancer ◽  
United States ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Second Primary ◽  
Castration Resistant Prostate Cancer ◽  
Castration Resistant ◽  
Second Primary Malignancies

Background. New therapies for castration-resistant prostate cancer (CRPC) may be associated with increased risk of second primary malignancies (SPM). We therefore estimated the population-based incidence of SPM among patients with CRPC in the Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)-Medicare database. We also estimated the proportion of men with CRPC with bone metastases and overall survival. Methods. We conducted a retrospective cohort study of United States (US) men aged ≥ 65 years with CRPC. Cohort entry was from January 1, 2000, to December 31, 2011, with follow-up through December 31, 2013. Castration resistance was defined by treatment with second-line systemic therapy (after surgical or medical castration). SPM were diagnoses of primary cancers (other than prostate) in SEER or Medicare data. Results. Altogether 2,234 patients met eligibility criteria. Most (1,887; 84.5%) had evidence of bone metastases in Medicare claims. SPM occurred in 172 patients (incidence rate 5.9 per 100 person-years; 95% confidence interval [CI], 5.0-6.8; standardized incidence ratio = 3.1, 95% CI, 2.8-3.6, based on SEER incidence rate of all malignancies except prostate cancer among men aged ≥ 65 years). The most common SPM were lung/bronchus (n = 29, 16.9%), urinary bladder (n = 22, 12.8%), and colon/rectum (n = 21, 12.2%). Median survival was 1.2 years (95% CI, 1.1-1.3); 5-year survival was 9% (95% CI, 7-11%). Conclusions. This study provides the first estimate of SPM risk in older men with CRPC in the US. The incidence rate is approximately threefold higher than the population-based cancer incidence among men without prostate cancer.

scholarly journals Risk of Psychiatric Disorders Following Primary Sjögren Syndrome: A Nationwide Population-based Retrospective Cohort Study

2015 ◽  
Vol 42 (7) ◽  
pp. 1203-1208 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Che Shen ◽  
Albert C. Yang ◽  
Benjamin Ing-Tiau Kuo ◽  
Shih-Jen Tsai
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Anxiety Disorder ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Sleep Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Primary Sjögren Syndrome

Objective.Primary Sjögren syndrome (pSS) is a chronic autoimmune disease. A clear temporal causal relationship between pSS and psychiatric disorders has not been well established. We used a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study to explore the relationship between pSS and the subsequent development of psychiatric disorders.Methods.We identified subjects who were newly diagnosed with pSS between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2008, in the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) Research Database. A comparison cohort was constructed for patients without pSS. There were 2686 patients with pSS and 10,744 matched controls observed until diagnosed with psychiatric disorders or until death, withdrawal from the NHI system, or December 31, 2009. The Institutional Review Board of Taipei Veterans General Hospital approved this study (2012-12-013BC).Results.The adjusted HR of depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and sleep disorder in subjects with pSS were significantly higher at 1.829, 1.856, and 1.967 than those of the controls during the followup. We found that pSS might increase the risk of subsequent newly diagnosed depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, and sleep disorder that may impair life quality.Conclusion.Our findings highlight the need for psychiatric evaluation and intervention for patients with pSS.

scholarly journals Incidence of osteoporosis and ambient air pollution in South Korea: a population-based retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jinyoung Shin ◽  
Hyuk Jung Kweon ◽  
Kyoung Ja Kwon ◽  
Seol-Heui Han
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Ambient Air Pollution ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Residential Areas

Abstract Background This study investigated the associations between exposure to ambient air pollutants and the incidence of osteoporosis using the Korean National Insurance Service–National Sample Cohort. Methods This nationwide, population-based, retrospective cohort study included 237,149 adults aged ≥40 years that did not have a diagnosis of osteoporosis at baseline between January 1, 2003, and December 31, 2015. Osteoporosis was defined as claim codes and prescriptions of bisphosphonates or selective estrogen receptor modulators at least twice annually. After matching values for PM10, NO2, CO, and SO2 during the 2002–2015 time period and PM2.5 in 2015 with residential areas, the incidence of osteoporosis was analyzed using a Cox proportional hazards regression model according to the quartile of average yearly concentrations of pollutants. Results Overall 22.2% of the study subjects, 52,601 (male: 5.6%, female: 37.6%) adults in total, were newly diagnosed with osteoporosis and treated. Exposure to PM10 was positively associated with incidence of osteoporosis (Q4: 1798 per 100,000 person-years vs. Q1: 1655 per 100,000 person-years). The adjusted hazard ratio (HR) with 95% confidence interval (CI) of Q4 in PM10 was 1.034 (1.009–1.062). The effect of PM10 on osteoporosis incidence was distinct in females (adjusted sub-HR: 1.065, 95% CI: 1.003–1.129), subjects aged < 65 years (adjusted sub-HR: 1.040, 95% CI: 1.010–1.072), and for residents in areas with low urbanization (adjusted sub-HR: 1.052, 95% CI: 1.019–1.087). However, there was no increase in osteoporosis based on exposure to NO2, CO, SO2, or PM2.5. Conclusions Long-term exposure to PM10 was associated with newly diagnosed osteoporosis in Korean adults aged ≥40 years. This finding can aid in policy-making that is directed to control air pollution as a risk factor for bone health.

Association Between Anemia and Dementia: A Nationwide, Populationbased Cohort Study in Taiwan

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 196-204 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chien-Tai Hong ◽  
Yi-Chen Hsieh ◽  
Hung-Yi Liu ◽  
Hung-Yi Chiou ◽  
Li-Nien Chien
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Deficiency Anemia ◽  
Research Database ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Nervous Disease ◽  
Subdistribution Hazard ◽  
Dementia Risk ◽  
Using Data

Background: In addition to the traditional risk predictors, whether anemia is an early biomarker of dementia, needs to be confirmed. Objective: This population-based cohort study aimed to investigate the dementia risk in patients with newly diagnosed anemia using data from the Taiwan National Health Insurance Research Database. Methods: All newly diagnosed anemia patients (n = 26,343) with no history of stroke hospitalization, central nervous disease other than dementia, psychiatric disorders, traumatic brain injury, major operations, or blood loss diseases, were enrolled. A group of non-anemic controls, 1:4 matched with anemic patients on the basis of demographics and comorbidities, was also included. A competing risk analysis was used to evaluate the dementia risk in anemic patients compared to that of their matched controls. Results: The adjusted subdistribution hazard ratio (SHR) of dementia risk in anemic patients was 1.14 (95% confidence interval [CI]: 1.08~1.21, p<0.001). Patients with iron supplements tended to exhibit a lower dementia risk (adjusted SHR: 0.84; 95% CI: 0.75~0.94, p=0.002) compared to patients without iron supplement. A subgroup analysis showed that a positive association between dementia and anemia existed in females, those aged 70 years and older, and patients without hypertension, diabetes, or hyperlipidemia. Conclusion: The present population-based cohort study identified that newly diagnosed anemia is a risk factor for dementia and also that iron supplementation was able to reduce the risk of dementia in people with iron deficiency anemia.

Risk of Psychiatric Disorders following Ankylosing Spondylitis: A Nationwide Population-based Retrospective Cohort Study

2016 ◽  
Vol 43 (3) ◽  
pp. 625-631 ◽  
Author(s):  
Cheng-Che Shen ◽  
Li-Yu Hu ◽  
Albert C. Yang ◽  
Benjamin Ing-Tiau Kuo ◽  
Yung-Yen Chiang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bipolar Disorder ◽  
Cohort Study ◽  
Ankylosing Spondylitis ◽  
Depressive Disorder ◽  
Psychiatric Disorders ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Depressive Disorders ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Newly Diagnosed ◽  
Comparison Cohort

Objective.Ankylosing spondylitis (AS) is a common inflammatory rheumatic disease. A higher prevalence of psychiatric comorbidities, including depressive disorder, has been proven in patients with AS. However, a clear temporal causal relationship between AS and psychiatric disorders has not been well established. We performed a nationwide population-based retrospective cohort study to analyze the relationship between AS and the subsequent development of psychiatric disorders, including schizophrenia, bipolar disorder, depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and sleep disorders.Methods.We identified subjects who were newly diagnosed with AS between January 1, 2000, and December 31, 2008, in the Taiwan National Health Insurance (NHI) Research Database. A comparison cohort was constructed of patients without AS who were matched according to age and sex. All patients with AS and control patients were observed until diagnosed with psychiatric disorders, or until death or withdrawal from the NHI system, or until December 31, 2009.Results.The AS cohort consisted of 2331 patients and the comparison cohort consisted of 9324 matched control patients without AS. The adjusted HR for depressive disorders, anxiety disorders, and sleep disorders in subjects with AS were higher than those of the controls during followup (HR 1.718, 95% CI 1.303–2.265; HR 1.848, 95% CI 1.369–2.494; and HR 1.494, 95% CI 1.031–2.162, respectively).Conclusion.AS might increase the risk of a subsequent newly diagnosed depressive disorder, anxiety disorder, or sleep disorder, but not schizophrenia or bipolar disorder. These observations highlight the need for psychiatric evaluation and intervention for patients with AS.

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