scholarly journals Clinical Features and Therapeutic Effects of Anti-leucine-rich Glioma Inactivated 1 Encephalitis: A Systematic Review

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yuou Teng ◽  
Ting Li ◽  
Zhizhong Yang ◽  
Mingwan Su ◽  
Jingnian Ni ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Features ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Psychiatric Symptoms ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Long Term Treatment

Background: Clinical presentations and treatment programs about anti-leucine-rich glioma inactivated 1 (LGI1) encephalitis still remain incompletely understood.Objective: This study analyzed the clinical features and therapeutic effects of anti-LGI1 encephalitis.Methods: PubMed, EMBASE, and the Cochrane Library were searched to identify published English and Chinese articles until April 2021. Data were extracted, analyzed, and recorded in accordance with the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.Results: A total of 80 publications detailing 485 subjects matched our inclusion criteria. Short-term memory loss (75.22%), faciobrachial dystonic seizures (FBDS) (52.53%), other seizures excluding FBDS (68.48%), psychiatric symptoms (57.67%), and sleep disturbances (34.30%) were the most frequently described symptoms in anti-LGI1 encephalitis. Hyponatremia (54.90%) was the most common hematologic examination change. The risk of incidence rate of malignant tumors was higher than in healthy people. The positive rate of anti-LGI1 in serum (99.79%) was higher than CSF (77.38%). Steroids (93.02%), IVIG (87.50%), and combined use (96.67%) all had a high remission rate in the initial visit. A total of 35 of 215 cases relapsed, of which 6/35 (17.14%) did not use first-line treatment, and 21 (60.00%) did not maintain long-term treatment. Plasma exchange (PE) could be combined in severe patients, immunosuppressant could be used for refractory patients or for recurrence and using an anti-epileptic drug to control seizures may benefit cognition.Conclusions: Short-term memory loss, FBDS, psychiatric symptoms, and hyponatremia were key features in identifying anti-LGI1 encephalitis. Serum and CSF antibody tests should be considered in diagnosis criteria. Steroids with IVIG should be recommended, PE was combined for use in severe patients, immunosuppressant therapy might improve outcomes if recurrence or progression occurred, and control seizures might benefit cognition. The useful ways to reduce relapse rate were early identification, clear diagnosis, rapid treatment, and maintaining long-term treatment. The follow-up advice was suggested according to the research of paraneoplastic syndrome, and concern about tumors was vital as well.

scholarly journals Long-Term Treatment with Aqueous Garlic and/or Tomato Suspensions Decreases Ehrlich Ascites Tumors

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jenifer Bom ◽  
Patrícia Gunutzmann ◽  
Elizabeth C. Pérez Hurtado ◽  
Jussara M. R. Maragno-Correa ◽  
Silvia Regina Kleeb ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tumor Growth ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Volume Number ◽  
Aqueous Suspensions ◽  
Ehrlich Ascites ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Ascites Tumors

We evaluated the preventive and therapeutic effects of aqueous suspensions of garlic, tomato, and garlic + tomato in the development of experimental Ehrlich tumors in mice. The aqueous suspensions (2%) were administered over a short term for 30 days before tumor inoculation and 12 days afterward, and suspensions at 6% were administered for 180 days before inoculation and for 12 days afterward. The volume, number, and characteristics of the tumor cells and AgNOR counts were determined to compare the different treatments. Aqueous 6% suspensions of garlic, tomato, and garlic + tomato given over the long term significantly reduced tumor growth but when given over the short term, they did not alter tumor growth.

Drug inhibition of memory formation in chickens II. Short-term memory

1971 ◽  
Vol 178 (1053) ◽  
pp. 455-464 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Protein Synthesis ◽  
Sodium Pump ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Protein Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Protein Synthesis Inhibitors ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Synthesis Inhibitor ◽  
Term Memory

1. Memory in day-old-chickens during the first few hours after learning can be made to decline by the prior intracranial injection of two classes of drugs. 2. Sodium pump inhibitors in increasing doses cause increasingly rapid loss of memory. 3. Protein synthesis inhibitors in increasing doses attain a maximum potency in causing memory decline and the rate may not be further accelerated by higher doses. 4. Adding a sodium pump inhibitor to the inhibition of protein synthesis increases memory loss. 5. Adding a protein synthesis inhibitor to a sodium pump inhibitor causes no further loss. 6. Therefore within a few minutes of learning a short-term memory of limited time span but independent of protein synthesis becomes supplemented and eventually replaced by a long-term storage requiring protein synthesis. The amount of long-term store is set by the amount of short-term memory. 7. The short-term store could be directly dependent on post-activation enhancement of Na + extrusion from neurons. Some physiological mechanisms by which this could be achieved and how this might activate protein synthesis are discussed.

Maternal Food Memories in Lin Cheng-sheng's 27°C: Loaf Rock and Eric Khoo's Recipe: A Film on Dementia

2018 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle E. Bloom
Keyword(s):  
Cultural Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Chinese Language ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Culinary Arts ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Individual Memory

Elderly mothers pick pineapple in Taiwanese fields and cook curry rice in a Singaporean hawker stand in Lin Cheng-sheng's biopic, 27°C: Loaf Rock, and Eric Khoo's telefilm, Recipe: A Film on Dementia, respectively. Both 2013 Chinese language films employ flashbacks to portray maternal food memories. Lin and Khoo depict food as comforting and possessing a unique ability to stimulate long-term memory to counter the short-term memory loss symptomatic of this form of dementia. The gustatory and the olfactory act directly upon the limbic brain, which houses emotions. In depicting Alzheimer's sufferers and their responses to food, 27°C and Recipe fight for causes. Lin calls attention to the marginalized in his portrayal of the mother succumbing to the disease from the perspective of her son—a character based on contemporary Taiwanese baker Wu Pao-chun, who overcame the adversity of impoverishment to win the world famous Master's de la Boulangerie and found prestigious eponymous bakeries. Parallel to its role in individual memory, food preserves cultural memory. Analogous to culinary arts, cinema, which is made for consumption, combines art and science, embodies culture, and incorporates tradition and innovation, as I show in this comparative study.

Long-term neurological, visual, and endocrine outcomes following transnasal resection of craniopharyngioma

2005 ◽  
Vol 102 (4) ◽  
pp. 650-657 ◽  
Author(s):  
Indro Chakrabarti ◽  
Arun P. Amar ◽  
William Couldwell ◽  
Martin H. Weiss
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Gh Deficiency ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Magnetic Resonance Images ◽  
Endocrine Function ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Fine Print

Object. The authors report on a cohort of patients with craniopharyngioma treated principally through transnasal (TN) resection and followed up for a minimum of 5 years. More specifically, they evaluate the role of the TN approach in the management of craniopharyngioma. Methods. Between 1984 and 1994, 68 patients underwent TN resection of craniopharyngiomas at the University of Southern California. The tumor was at least partially cystic in 88% of cases. Four tumors were purely intrasellar, 53 had intra- and suprasellar components, and 11 were exclusively suprasellar. During the same period, 18 patients underwent transcranial (TC) resection of purely suprasellar craniopharyngiomas. Long-term neurological, visual, and endocrine outcomes were reviewed for all patients. In 61 (90%) of 68 patients in the TN group, total resection was achieved, according to 3-month postoperative magnetic resonance images, although four patients suffered a recurrence. Three (43%) of the seven tumors that had been partially resected were enlarged on serial imaging. Fifty-four (87%) of 62 patients with preoperative visual loss experienced improvement in one or both eyes, but two patients (3%) with exclusively suprasellar tumors experienced postoperative visual worsening in one or both eyes. New instances of postoperative endocrinopathy (that is, not present preoperatively) occurred as follows: hypogonadism (eight of 22 cases), growth hormone (GH) deficiency (four of 18 cases), hypothyroidism (11 of 49 cases), hypocortisolemia (nine of 52 cases), and diabetes insipidus (DI; four of 61 cases). One case each of hypocortisolemia and hypothyroidism resolved after surgery. Hyperphagia occurred in 27 (40%) of 68 patients. One patient had short-term memory loss. Postoperative complications included one case of cerebrospinal fluid leak. Among the 18 patients in the TC group, 11 had complete resections. In one case (9%) the tumors recurred. Three (43%) of the seven subtotally resected tumors grew during the follow-up interval. Vision improved in 11 (61%) of 18 cases and worsened in three (17%) as a result of surgery. New instances of postoperative endocrinopathy occurred as follows: hypogonadism (one of six cases), GH deficiency (four of seven cases), hypothyroidism (11 of 14 cases), hypocortisolemia (eight of 15 cases), and DI (nine of 16 cases). No instance of preoperative endocrinopathy was corrected through TC surgery. Four patients (22%) exhibited short-term memory loss and 11 (61%) had hyperphagia after surgery. When compared with those in the TC group, patients in the TN group had shorter hospital stays. Conclusions. Use of the TN approach can render good outcomes in properly selected patients with craniopharyngioma, particularly when the tumor is cystic. Even in mostly suprasellar cases, an extended TN approach can afford complete resection. Note that endocrine function often worsens after surgery and that postoperative obesity can be a significant problem.

Wernicke-Korsakoff Syndrome: A Common Yet Elusive Diagnosis

2009 ◽  
Vol 24 (S1) ◽  
pp. 1-1
Author(s):  
N. Madeira ◽  
T. Santos ◽  
J.L. Pio-Abreu
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Common Cause ◽  
Clinical Vignettes ◽  
Korsakoff Syndrome ◽  
Amnesic Syndrome ◽  
Nosological Entity

In 1897, Murawieff proposed that a common cause was responsible for the two syndromes previously described by Carl Wernicke and Sergei Korsakoff. More than 100 years afterwards, the neuropsychiatric nosological entity known as Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome remains one of the most significant, yet under-recognized, consequences of long-term alcohol abuse.Prompt recognition and treatment of Wernicke's encephalopathy with parenteral thiamine can prevent permanent cognitive impairment, involving severe short-term memory loss - Korsakoff's amnesic syndrome. Such condition has devastating consequences for patients, not infrequently demanding long-term institutionalization.Based on two clinical vignettes, the authors review some epidemiological, clinical and neuropathological features of Wernicke-Korsakoff syndrome, besides issues concerning differential diagnosis, treatment and prognosis.

scholarly journals High Hearing Memory Of Schoolchildren And Students And Factors Affecting It

2020 ◽  
Vol 02 (11) ◽  
pp. 88-95
Author(s):  
M. M. Mamajanov ◽  
◽  
B. B. Turayev ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Long Term Memory ◽  
Short Term ◽  
First Year Students ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
8Th Grade

Non-regular mental and physical activity of schoolchildren and students, excessive use of mobile phones, harmful habits (smoking and snuff), iodine deficiency, poor diet, lack of sleep are the main reasons for memory loss decrease is observed. In our experiments, long-term memory volume was up to 37% and short-term memory volume was up to 51% in 6th grade students (13-year-olds); In 8th grade students (15-year-olds), long-term memory was up to 83% and short-term memory was up to 61%; In 10th grade students (17-year-olds), long-term memory volume was up to 83% and short-term memory volume was up to 57%; In first-year students (19-year-olds), we found that long-term memory decreased by 68% and short-term memory by 49%. Decreased memory, in turn, has a negative impact on the mastery performance of pupils and students.

scholarly journals Vaccination Prevented Short-Term Memory Loss, but Deteriorated Long-Term Spatial Memory in Alzheimer’s Disease Mice, Independent of Amyloid-β Pathology

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-280
Author(s):  
Klaske Oberman ◽  
Leonie Gouweleeuw ◽  
Peter Hoogerhout ◽  
Ulrich L.M. Eisel ◽  
Elly van Riet ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Spatial Memory ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Memory Loss ◽  
Amyloid Β ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory

scholarly journals Short-Term Effects of Chlorpromazine on Oxidative Stress in Erythrocyte Functionality: Activation of Metabolism and Membrane Perturbation

2016 ◽  
Vol 2016 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Silvana Ficarra ◽  
Annamaria Russo ◽  
Davide Barreca ◽  
Elena Giunta ◽  
Antonio Galtieri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Lipids ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Term Treatment ◽  
Erythrocyte Membranes ◽  
Therapeutic Effects ◽  
Long Term Effects ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Long Term Treatment ◽  
Short Term Effects

The purpose of this paper is to focus on the short-term effects of chlorpromazine on erythrocytes because it is reported that the drug, unstable in plasma but more stable in erythrocytes, interacts with erythrocyte membranes, membrane lipids, and hemoglobin. There is a rich literature about the side and therapeutic effects or complications due to chlorpromazine, but most of these studies explore the influence of long-term treatment. We think that evaluating the short-term effects of the drug may help to clarify the sequence of chlorpromazine molecular targets from which some long-term effects derive. Our results indicate that although the drug is primarily intercalated in the innermost side of the membrane, it does not influence band 3 anionic flux, lipid peroxidation, and protein carbonylation processes. On the other hand, it destabilizes and increases the autooxidation of haemoglobin, induces activation of caspase 3, and, markedly, influences the ATP and reduced glutathione levels, with subsequent exposure of phosphatidylserine at the erythrocyte surface. Overall our observations on the early stage of chlorpromazine influence on erythrocytes may contribute to better understanding of new and interesting characteristics of this compound improving knowledge of erythrocyte metabolism.

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