scholarly journals Short-Term Fasting and Ingestion of Caloric Drinks Affect Heartbeat-Evoked Potentials and Autonomic Nervous System Activity in Males

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vera Flasbeck ◽  
Christoph Bamberg ◽  
Martin Brüne
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Evoked Potentials ◽  
Repeated Measures ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Fasting Period ◽  
Cardiac Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
The Impact

Central nervous systems receive and process information from the internal and external environment to maintain homeostasis. This includes interoceptive awareness of the organism’s nutritional state. Whenever food supply is required, feelings of hunger initiate the search for and the consumption of appropriate amounts of nutrients. How this is physiologically regulated in humans has been subjected to research into interoceptive awareness of body states during fasting and food consumption. However, there is no research on the distinct effects of carbohydrate or protein intake on interoception. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the impact of fasting and consumption of standardized carbohydrate and protein shakes on interoception in a repeated-measures cross-over design in a sample of 37 healthy, normal weight males. As a physiological correlate of interoception, we measured heartbeat-evoked potentials (HEPs), which are suggested to reflect the cortical representation of cardiac signals, during eight-minutes resting state EEG-recordings. After a 16-hour fasting period, the HEP amplitudes were lower over right central and parietal electrodes and increased after ingestion of the nutritional shake. Exploratory analyses indicated that the difference between fasting and satiety was more prominent at carbohydrate compared protein testing days. Correlation analyses with heart rate variability (HRV) suggested that high cardiac sympathetic activity is related to lower HEP amplitudes. Furthermore, cardiac sympathetic activity and stress indices decreased from before to after the intervention, whereas HRV increased. Together, this study shows for the first time that fasting and the intake of a nutritional shake affects cardiac measures of autonomic nervous system functioning and the neural correlates of cardiac interoception. These findings could be relevant for diets and psychosomatic disorders, including eating disorders.

Evaluation of the Impact of Short Duration Music Listening on Autonomic State (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Garry Elvin ◽  
Paras Patel ◽  
Petia Sice ◽  
Chirine Riachy ◽  
Nigel Osborne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Short Duration ◽  
System Response ◽  
Time Interval ◽  
Music Listening ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Change In Mean

BACKGROUND Heart rate variability (HRV), or the variation in the time interval between consecutive heartbeats, is a proven measure for assessing changes in autonomic activity. An increase in variability suggests an upregulation of the parasympathetic nervous system (PNS). Music was shown to have an effect on the limbic system, respiratory rate, and blood pressure. However, there have been relatively few empirical investigations on the effect of music on HRV compared to mean heart rate (HR). Also, the majority of studies have been experimental rather than interventional, reporting significant changes in HRV as a function of musical characteristics, such as tempo, genre, and valence. OBJECTIVE The aim of this pilot study is to evaluate the impact of short duration music listening on the autonomic nervous system response of healthy adults. METHODS Six participants (three males and three females) were tested to investigate the effect of listening to music on HR and HRV. Electrocardiographic (ECG) data was recorded at a sampling rate of 1000 Hz using an eMotion Faros 360 device produced by Bittium Biosignals. The data was collected while the participants listened to four pre-selected songs in a random order separated by a relaxation period of 5 minutes. Data was then cleaned and processed through Kubious HRV 2.0 software. Statistical analysis using Wilcoxon signed rank test was carried out for the time and frequency domains. RESULTS For all but one song that is shorter than 3 minutes (song 1), we observed a statistically significant increase in Standard Deviation of the RR intervals (SDRR) (song 1: P=.125, r=.333; song 2: P=.023, r=.575; song 3: P=.014, r=.635; song 4: P=.014, r=.635) and in the Low Frequency (LF) component of the cardiac spectrogram (song 1: P=.300, r=.151; song 2: P=.038, r=.514; song 3: P=.014, r=.635; song 4: P=.014, r=.635) with a large effect size r, indicating increased HRV. No significant change in mean HR was observed (song 1: P=.173 r=-.272; song 2: P=.058, r=-.454; song 3: P=.125, r=-.333; song 4: P=.232. r=-.212). CONCLUSIONS Listening to pre-selected songs of longer duration than 3 minutes 30 seconds is associated with significant increases in HRV measures, especially SDRR and LF. Music thus has the potential to overcome autonomic nervous system (ANS) dysregulation and thereby benefit health and wellbeing.

scholarly journals Biallelic MADD variants cause a phenotypic spectrum ranging from developmental delay to a multisystem disorder

Brain ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 143 (8) ◽  
pp. 2437-2453
Author(s):  
Pauline E Schneeberger ◽  
Fanny Kortüm ◽  
Georg Christoph Korenke ◽  
Malik Alawi ◽  
René Santer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Growth Factor ◽  
Epidermal Growth Factor ◽  
Developmental Delay ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Epidermal Growth ◽  
The Impact

Abstract In pleiotropic diseases, multiple organ systems are affected causing a variety of clinical manifestations. Here, we report a pleiotropic disorder with a unique constellation of neurological, endocrine, exocrine, and haematological findings that is caused by biallelic MADD variants. MADD, the mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) activating death domain protein, regulates various cellular functions, such as vesicle trafficking, activity of the Rab3 and Rab27 small GTPases, tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)-induced signalling and prevention of cell death. Through national collaboration and GeneMatcher, we collected 23 patients with 21 different pathogenic MADD variants identified by next-generation sequencing. We clinically evaluated the series of patients and categorized the phenotypes in two groups. Group 1 consists of 14 patients with severe developmental delay, endo- and exocrine dysfunction, impairment of the sensory and autonomic nervous system, and haematological anomalies. The clinical course during the first years of life can be potentially fatal. The nine patients in Group 2 have a predominant neurological phenotype comprising mild-to-severe developmental delay, hypotonia, speech impairment, and seizures. Analysis of mRNA revealed multiple aberrant MADD transcripts in two patient-derived fibroblast cell lines. Relative quantification of MADD mRNA and protein in fibroblasts of five affected individuals showed a drastic reduction or loss of MADD. We conducted functional tests to determine the impact of the variants on different pathways. Treatment of patient-derived fibroblasts with TNF-α resulted in reduced phosphorylation of the extracellular signal-regulated kinases 1 and 2, enhanced activation of the pro-apoptotic enzymes caspase-3 and -7 and increased apoptosis compared to control cells. We analysed internalization of epidermal growth factor in patient cells and identified a defect in endocytosis of epidermal growth factor. We conclude that MADD deficiency underlies multiple cellular defects that can be attributed to alterations of TNF-α-dependent signalling pathways and defects in vesicular trafficking. Our data highlight the multifaceted role of MADD as a signalling molecule in different organs and reveal its physiological role in regulating the function of the sensory and autonomic nervous system and endo- and exocrine glands.

Genetics of Autonomic Nervous System Activity

2013 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eco de Geus ◽  
Rene van Lien ◽  
Melanie Neijts ◽  
Gonneke Willemsen
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Twin Studies ◽  
Large Individual ◽  
Sinus Arrhythmia ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Heritability Estimates ◽  
Measurement Strategies

Large individual differences in the activity of the autonomic nervous system (ANS) play a key role in risk for cardiovascular disease. This chapter presents an overview of the measurement strategies that can be used to study ANS activity in samples that are sufficiently large to allow genetic analyses. Heart rate variability, in particular, respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) is identified as the measure of choice to index parasympathetic activity, whereas preejection period (PEP) is the measure of choice to index sympathetic activity. Twin studies have demonstrated significant genetic contributions to resting levels of both RSA (heritability estimates range from 25 to 71 percent) and PEP (heritability estimates range from 48 to 74 percent) and the genetic variance in these traits seems to further increase under conditions of psychological stress. Identifying the genetic variants that influence parasympathetic and sympathetic activity may increase our understanding of the role of the ANS in cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Physiology of nostril breathing exercises and its probable relation with nostril and cerebral dominance: A theoretical research on literature

2013 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
K Upadhyay-Dhungel ◽  
A Sohal
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Cerebral Dominance ◽  
The Body ◽  
Theoretical Research ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Breathing Exercises ◽  
Nasal Cycle ◽  
Probable Relation

This article discuss about scientific basis of benefits of practicing slow pranayama, especially alternate nostril breathing pranayama. It explains the basis of benefit of alternate nostril breathing exercises and its probable relation with nasal cycle, cerebral dominance and autonomic nervous system. The airflow through one nostril is greater than next at any point of time which later switches to another. This is called nasal cycle. The nasal cycle lasts from 30 minutes to 2-3 hours. The nasal cycle occurs naturally. This nasal cycle is related with the cerebral dominance. When one nostril is dominant, the contra lateral hemisphere is active. The right nostril breathing leads to increased sympathetic activity while left nostril breathing decreases sympathetic activity and increases parasympathetic tone. So it has been speculated that these three phenomenon viz. nasal cycle, cerebral dominance and autonomic activities are correlated. This review also suggests that practicing alternate nostril breathing (Nadisodhan pranayma) regularly keeps the two hemispheres active and balances the sympathetic and parasympathetic activities in the body. Sympathetic or parasympathetic activity alternates automatically in our body which is important for our survival. Due to our hectic and stressful life, this naturally occurring alternate breathing cycle gets disrupted and we suffer from different ailments. These ailments are due to imbalance of autonomic nervous system which can be resolved by practicing alternate nostril breathing, the Nadisodhan pranayama. It’s just like returning back to nature. DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3126/jmcjms.v1i1.7885 Janaki Medical College Journal of Medical Sciences (2013) Vol. 1 (1):38-47

scholarly journals EMERGENCY MEDICINE RESIDENTS LACK THE NECESSARY AUTONOMIC NERVOUS SYSTEM BALANCE AND SHORT RELAXATION TECHNIQUES ARE INSUFFICIENT TO SOLVE THIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 31-35
Author(s):  
Martynas Gedminas ◽  
Lukas Neimanas ◽  
Dinas Vaitkaitis ◽  
Nedas Jasinskas ◽  
Viktoras Šaferis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Autonomous Nervous System ◽  
Relaxation Techniques ◽  
Stress Resilience ◽  
Study Objective ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Post Shift

Study objective. Heart rate variability (HRV) is an objective, easy-to-obtain parameter that can be used to monitor person’s balance of autonomous nervous system, which in turn decides one’s ability to cope with stress. HRV has been used extensively in professional athletes and the military with the purpose of performance optimisation and burnout prevention. The aim of our study was to investigate the balance of EM residents’ autonomic nervous system, as indicated by fluctuations in day-to-day HRV readings, and the feasibility of short relaxation techniques to increase their stress-resilience. Methods. We conducted a two-month long prospective cross-over double blinded randomized study. Computer randomization was used to divide the EM residents into intervention (A) and control (B) groups. Controls were instructed to listen to a 12 min. relaxation audio file every morning, while the intervention group was equipped with a 12 min. guided meditation that combined rhythmic breathing and attention focusing techniques. After one month, crossover of the interventions took place. Results. After pooling pre-shift and post-shift HRV data, we identified differences of statistical significance with post-shift HRV readings being higher (p=0.028, p<0,05). Individual HRV trend analysis showed significant fluctuations in day-to-day HRV readings. We could not identify the impact of short relaxation techniques on the EM residents HRV trends. Conclusion. Our findings suggest the lack of autonomic nervous system balance among EM residents, as indicated by big fluctuations in their day-to-day HRV trends. During the course of the study, the HRV reading fluctuations did not stabilise, indicating the limited use of our selected short relaxation techniques to increase residents’ stress resilience. We also identified paradoxical findings of higher post-shift HRV readings which could true be due to unique population in the setting of EM.

scholarly journals Ethnic Differences on Cardiac Rhythms and Autonomic Nervous System Responses During a High-Altitude Trek: A Pilot Study Comparing Italian Trekkers to Nepalese Porters

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vittore Verratti ◽  
Alessandro Tonacci ◽  
Danilo Bondi ◽  
Annalisa Chiavaroli ◽  
Claudio Ferrante ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
High Altitude ◽  
Sympathetic Activity ◽  
Activity Measurement ◽  
Peripheral Oxygen Saturation ◽  
Altitude Hypoxia ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Hypoxia Exposure

Altitude hypoxia exposure results in increased sympathetic activity and heart rate due to several mechanisms. Recent studies have contested the validity of heart rate variability (HRV) analysis on sympathetic activity measurement. But the plethora of HRV metrics may provide meaningful insights, particularly if linked with cardiovascular and autonomic nervous system parameters. However, the population-specific nature of HRV and cardiorespiratory response to altitude hypoxia are still missing. Six Italian trekkers and six Nepalese porters completed 300 km of a Himalayan trek. The ECG analysis was conducted at baseline, and before (bBC) and after (aBC) the high-altitude (HA) circuit. Urine was collected before and after the expedition in Italians, for assessing catecholamines. Heart rate increased with altitude significantly (p < 0.001) in the Italian group; systolic (p = 0.030) and diastolic (p = 0.012) blood pressure, and mean arterial pressure (p = 0.004) increased with altitude. Instead, pulse pressure did not change, although the Nepalese group showed lower baseline values than the Italians. As expected, peripheral oxygen saturation decreased with altitude (p < 0.001), independently of the ethnic groups. Nepalese had a higher respiratory rate (p = 0.007), independent of altitude. The cardiac vagal index increased at altitude, from baseline to bBC (p = 0.008). Higuchi fractal dimension (HFD) showed higher basal values in the Nepalese group (p = 0.041), and a tendency for the highest values at bBC. Regarding the urinary catecholamine response, exposure to HA increased urinary levels, particularly of norepinephrine (p = 0.005, d = 1.623). Our findings suggest a better cardiovascular resilience of the Nepalese group when compared with Italians, which might be due to an intrinsic adaptation to HA, resulting from their job.

scholarly journals Effect of Forest Therapy for Menopausal Women with Insomnia

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (18) ◽  
pp. 6548
Author(s):  
Hyeyun Kim ◽  
Jayoung Kim ◽  
Hyo Jin Ju ◽  
Bong Jin Jang ◽  
Tae Kyu Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nervous System ◽  
Autonomic Nervous System ◽  
Postmenopausal Women ◽  
Cold Water ◽  
Sleep Onset ◽  
Light Therapy ◽  
Good Alternative ◽  
Autonomic Nervous ◽  
Serologic Tests ◽  
The Impact

Female hormone changes during menopause can affect the autonomic nervous system, circadian rhythm, and secretion of cortisol/melatonin, resulting in a vulnerability to insomnia. In this light, therapy has been gaining attention as a way to reduce stress hormones by stabilizing the autonomic nervous system. Thus, this study aims to objectively and scientifically analyze the impact of forest therapy in postmenopausal insomnia patients. The forest therapy program lasted 6 days, wherein 35 postmenopausal women performed activities such as trekking, leg massages, stretches, and bathing in warm and cold water. They also underwent serologic tests, participated in polysomnography (PSG), and answered sleep questionnaires before and after the program. Further, a statistical analysis compared the results. Serologic tests showed a significant reduction of cortisol from 10.2 ± 3.79 to 7.75 ± 2.81, while PSGs showed how sleep efficiency increased to 89.3 ± 4.3% (p < 0.01), and how waking after sleep onset reduced to 47.4 ± 22.3 min (p < 0.01). The total sleep time also increased to 428.5 min and sleep latency was 11.1 ± 11.0 min. Despite its limitations, forest therapy could be a good alternative to nonpharmacological treatment for mitigating insomnia in postmenopausal women.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document