scholarly journals Association Between Adipose Tissue Characteristics and Metabolic Flexibility in Humans: A Systematic Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alice Glaves ◽  
Francisco Díaz-Castro ◽  
Javiera Farías ◽  
Rodrigo Ramírez-Romero ◽  
Jose E. Galgani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Metabolic Flexibility ◽  
Insulin Stimulation ◽  
Human Adults ◽  
Tissue Characteristics ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Adipose tissue total amount, distribution, and phenotype influence metabolic health. This may be partially mediated by the metabolic effects that these adipose tissue characteristics exert on the nearby and distant tissues. Thus, adipose tissue may influence the capacity of cells, tissues, and the organism to adapt fuel oxidation to fuel availability, i.e., their metabolic flexibility (MetF). Our aim was to systematically review the evidence for an association between adipose tissue characteristics and MetF in response to metabolic challenges in human adults. We searched in PubMed (last search on September 4, 2021) for reports that measured adipose tissue characteristics (total amount, distribution, and phenotype) and MetF in response to metabolic challenges (as a change in respiratory quotient) in humans aged 18 to <65 years. Any study design was considered, and the risk of bias was assessed with a checklist for randomized and non-randomized studies. From 880 records identified, 22 remained for the analysis, 10 of them measured MetF in response to glucose plus insulin stimulation, nine in response to dietary challenges, and four in response to other challenges. Our main findings were that: (a) MetF to glucose plus insulin stimulation seems inversely associated with adipose tissue total amount, waist circumference, and visceral adipose tissue; and (b) MetF to dietary challenges does not seem associated with adipose tissue total amount or distribution. In conclusion, evidence suggests that adipose tissue may directly or indirectly influence MetF to glucose plus insulin stimulation, an effect probably explained by skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity.Systematic Review Registration: PROSPERO [CRD42020167810].

scholarly journals Protocol: The relationship between vitamin A and body mass: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasim A Iqbal ◽  
Gavin B Stewart ◽  
Ines Mendes ◽  
Kieran Finney ◽  
Anthony Oxley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Adipose Tissue Depots ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
The Relationship

The proposed protocol is for a systematic review and meta-analysis on the relationship between vitamin A and body mass. The primary objective is to explore the mechanisms between vitamin A and adiposity such as inflammation, dietary intake and body fat. The secondary objective is to look at the extent to which vitamin A is stored in different adipose tissue depots. The protocol outlines the motive and scope for the review, and methodology including the risk of bias, statistical analysis, screening and study criteria.

scholarly journals Urinary Eicosanoid Metabolites in HIV-Infected Women with Central Obesity Switching to Raltegravir: An Analysis from the Women, Integrase, and Fat Accumulation Trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Hulgan ◽  
M. Sean Boger ◽  
Diana H. Liao ◽  
Grace A. McComsey ◽  
Christine A. Wanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Integrase Inhibitor ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Adjusted Model

Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of HIV infection. Eicosanoids reflect inflammation, oxidant stress, and vascular health and vary by sex and metabolic parameters. Raltegravir (RAL) is an HIV-1 integrase inhibitor that may have limited metabolic effects. We assessed urinary F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs), prostaglandin E2(PGE-M), prostacyclin (PGI-M), and thromboxane B2(TxB2) in HIV-infected women switching to RAL-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART). Thirty-seven women (RAL = 17; PI/NNRTI = 20) with a median age of 43 years and BMI 32 kg/m2completed week 24. TxB2increased in the RAL versus PI/NNRTI arm (+0.09 versus −0.02;P=0.06). Baseline PGI-M was lower in the RAL arm (P=0.005); no other between-arm cross-sectional differences were observed. In the PI/NNRTI arm, 24-week visceral adipose tissue change correlated with PGI-M (rho=0.45;P=0.04) and TxB2(rho=0.44;P=0.005) changes, with a trend seen for PGE-M (rho=0.41;P=0.07). In an adjusted model, age ≥ 50 years (N=8) was associated with increased PGE-M(P=0.04). In this randomized trial, a switch to RAL did not significantly affect urinary eicosanoids over 24 weeks. In women continuing PI/NNRTI, increased visceral adipose tissue correlated with increased PGI-M and PGE-M. Older age (≥50) was associated with increased PGE-M. Relationships between aging, adiposity, ART, and eicosanoids during HIV-infection require further study.

scholarly journals Visceral adiposopathy: a vascular perspective

2015 ◽  
Vol 21 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa G. Farb ◽  
Noyan Gokce
Keyword(s):  
Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Multiple Organ ◽  
Vascular Endothelial ◽  
Metabolic Dysfunction ◽  
Central Adiposity ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Tissue Characteristics ◽  
Care Problems ◽  
Visceral Adipose

AbstractObesity has emerged as one of the most critical health care problems globally that is associated with the development of insulin resistance, type 2 diabetes mellitus, metabolic dysfunction and cardiovascular disease. Central adiposity with intra-abdominal deposition of visceral fat, in particular, has been closely linked to cardiometabolic consequences of obesity. Increasing epidemiological, clinical and experimental data suggest that both adipose tissue quantity and perturbations in its quality termed “adiposopathy” contribute to mechanisms of cardiometabolic disease. The current review discusses regional differences in adipose tissue characteristics and highlights profound abnormalities in vascular endothelial function and angiogenesis that are manifest within the visceral adipose tissue milieu of obese individuals. Clinical data demonstrate up-regulation of pro-inflammatory and pro-atherosclerotic mediators in dysfunctional adipose tissue that may support pathological vascular changes not only locally in fat but also in multiple organ systems, including coronary and peripheral circulations, potentially contributing to mechanisms of obesity-related cardiovascular disease.

scholarly journals Changes in Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase as a Mechanism of Visceral Obesity in Cushing’s Syndrome

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 4969-4973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blerina Kola ◽  
Mirjam Christ-Crain ◽  
Francesca Lolli ◽  
Giorgio Arnaldi ◽  
Gilberta Giacchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Ampk Activity ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Objective: Features of the metabolic syndrome such as central obesity with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia are typical signs of Cushing’s syndrome and common side effects of prolonged glucocorticoid treatment. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key regulatory enzyme of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as appetite, is involved in the development of the deleterious metabolic effects of excess glucocorticoids, but no data are available in humans. In the current study, we demonstrate the effect of high glucocorticoid levels on AMPK activity of human adipose tissue samples from patients with Cushing’s syndrome. Methods: AMPK activity and mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism were assessed in visceral adipose tissue removed at abdominal surgery of 11 patients with Cushing’s syndrome, nine sex-, age-, and weight-matched patients with adrenal incidentalomas, and in visceral adipose tissue from four patients with non-endocrine-related abdominal surgery. Results: The patients with Cushing’s syndrome exhibited a 70% lower AMPK activity in visceral adipose tissue as compared with both incidentalomas and control patients (P = 0.007 and P < 0.001, respectively). Downstream targets of AMPK fatty acid synthase and phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxykinase were up-regulated in patients with Cushing’s syndrome. AMPK activity was inversely correlated with 0900 h serum cortisol and with urinary free cortisol. Conclusions: Our data suggest that glucocorticoids inhibit AMPK activity in adipose tissue, suggesting a novel mechanism to explain the deposition of visceral adipose tissue and the consequent central obesity observed in patients with iatrogenic or endogenous Cushing’s syndrome.

scholarly journals Importance of Adipose Tissue NAD+ Biology in Regulating Metabolic Flexibility

Endocrinology ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 162 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael P Franczyk ◽  
Nathan Qi ◽  
Kelly L Stromsdorfer ◽  
Chengcheng Li ◽  
Shintaro Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Oxidation ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Whole Body ◽  
Metabolic Flexibility ◽  
Major Purpose ◽  
Nicotinamide Phosphoribosyltransferase ◽  
Metabolic Inflexibility ◽  
Skeletal Muscle Insulin Sensitivity

Abstract Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NAD+) is an essential coenzyme that regulates cellular energy metabolism in many cell types. The major purpose of the present study was to test the hypothesis that NAD+ in white adipose tissue (WAT) is a regulator of whole-body metabolic flexibility in response to changes in insulin sensitivity and with respect to substrate availability and use during feeding and fasting conditions. To this end, we first evaluated the relationship between WAT NAD+ concentration and metabolic flexibility in mice and humans. We found that WAT NAD+ concentration was increased in mice after calorie restriction and exercise, 2 enhancers of metabolic flexibility. Bariatric surgery-induced 20% weight loss increased plasma adiponectin concentration, skeletal muscle insulin sensitivity, and WAT NAD+ concentration in people with obesity. We next analyzed adipocyte-specific nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) knockout (ANKO) mice, which have markedly decreased NAD+ concentrations in WAT. ANKO mice oxidized more glucose during the light period and after fasting than control mice. In contrast, the normal postprandial stimulation of glucose oxidation and suppression of fat oxidation were impaired in ANKO mice. Data obtained from RNA-sequencing of WAT suggest that loss of NAMPT increases inflammation, and impairs insulin sensitivity, glucose oxidation, lipolysis, branched-chain amino acid catabolism, and mitochondrial function in WAT, which are features of metabolic inflexibility. These results demonstrate a novel function of WAT NAMPT-mediated NAD+ biosynthesis in regulating whole-body metabolic flexibility, and provide new insights into the role of adipose tissue NAD+ biology in metabolic health.

scholarly journals Protocol: The relationship between vitamin A and body mass: A systematic review and meta-analysis

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wasim A Iqbal ◽  
Gavin B Stewart ◽  
Ines Mendes ◽  
Kieran Finney ◽  
Anthony Oxley ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Primary Objective ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Adipose Tissue Depots ◽  
Secondary Objective ◽  
The Relationship

The proposed protocol is for a systematic review and meta-analysis on the relationship between vitamin A and body mass. The primary objective is to explore the mechanisms between vitamin A and adiposity such as inflammation, dietary intake and body fat. The secondary objective is to look at the extent to which vitamin A is stored in different adipose tissue depots. The protocol outlines the motive and scope for the review, and methodology including the risk of bias, statistical analysis, screening and study criteria.

scholarly journals Visceral adipose tissue activated macrophage content and inflammatory adipokine secretion is higher in pre-eclampsia than in healthy pregnancys

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (13) ◽  
pp. 1529-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahzya S. Huda ◽  
Fiona Jordan ◽  
Jack Bray ◽  
Gillian Love ◽  
Reba Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Tissue Macrophage ◽  
Adipose Tissue Cell ◽  
Cell Densities ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Obesity increases pre-eclampsia (PE) risk. Adipose tissue inflammation may contribute to the clinical syndrome of PE. We compared adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and release of pro-inflammatory adipokines in PE and healthy pregnancy. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue biopsies were collected from healthy (n=13) and PE (n=13) mothers. Basal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated adipocyte TNFα, IL-6, CCL-2, and CRP release was measured. Adipose tissue cell densities of activated (cfms+) and total (CD68+) macrophages were determined. In PE only, visceral adipose tissue TNFα release was increased after LPS stimulation (57 [76] versus 81 [97] pg/ml/µg DNA, P=0.030). Basal TNFα release was negatively correlated insulin sensitivity of visceral adipocytes (r = −0.61, P=0.030) in PE. Visceral adipocyte IL-6 release was increased after LPS stimulation in PE only (566 [696] versus 852 [914] pg/ml/µg DNA, P=0.019). Visceral adipocyte CCL-2 basal (67 [61] versus 187 [219] pg/ml/µgDNA, P=0.049) and stimulated (46 [46] versus 224 [271] pg/ml/µg DNA, P=0.003) release was greater than in subcutaneous adipocytes in PE only. In PE, median TNF mRNA expression in visceral adipose tissue was higher than controls (1.94 [1.13–4.14] versus 0.8 [0.00–1.27] TNF/PPIA ratio, P=0.006). In visceral adipose tissue, CSF1R (a marker of activated macrophages) mRNA expression (24.8[11.0] versus 51.0[29.9] CSF1R/PPIA ratio, P=0.011) and activated (cfms+) macrophage count (6.7[2.6] versus 15.2[8.8] % cfms+/adipocyte, P=0.031) were higher in PE than in controls. In conclusion, our study demonstrates dysregulation of inflammatory pathways predominantly in visceral adipose tissue in PE. Inflammation of visceral adipose tissue may mediate many of the adverse metabolic effects associated with PE.

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