scholarly journals Urinary Eicosanoid Metabolites in HIV-Infected Women with Central Obesity Switching to Raltegravir: An Analysis from the Women, Integrase, and Fat Accumulation Trial

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Todd Hulgan ◽  
M. Sean Boger ◽  
Diana H. Liao ◽  
Grace A. McComsey ◽  
Christine A. Wanke ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Hiv Infection ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Oxidant Stress ◽  
Integrase Inhibitor ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Prostaglandin E ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visceral Adipose ◽  
Adjusted Model

Chronic inflammation is a hallmark of HIV infection. Eicosanoids reflect inflammation, oxidant stress, and vascular health and vary by sex and metabolic parameters. Raltegravir (RAL) is an HIV-1 integrase inhibitor that may have limited metabolic effects. We assessed urinary F2-isoprostanes (F2-IsoPs), prostaglandin E2(PGE-M), prostacyclin (PGI-M), and thromboxane B2(TxB2) in HIV-infected women switching to RAL-containing antiretroviral therapy (ART). Thirty-seven women (RAL = 17; PI/NNRTI = 20) with a median age of 43 years and BMI 32 kg/m2completed week 24. TxB2increased in the RAL versus PI/NNRTI arm (+0.09 versus −0.02;P=0.06). Baseline PGI-M was lower in the RAL arm (P=0.005); no other between-arm cross-sectional differences were observed. In the PI/NNRTI arm, 24-week visceral adipose tissue change correlated with PGI-M (rho=0.45;P=0.04) and TxB2(rho=0.44;P=0.005) changes, with a trend seen for PGE-M (rho=0.41;P=0.07). In an adjusted model, age ≥ 50 years (N=8) was associated with increased PGE-M(P=0.04). In this randomized trial, a switch to RAL did not significantly affect urinary eicosanoids over 24 weeks. In women continuing PI/NNRTI, increased visceral adipose tissue correlated with increased PGI-M and PGE-M. Older age (≥50) was associated with increased PGE-M. Relationships between aging, adiposity, ART, and eicosanoids during HIV-infection require further study.

scholarly journals Changes in Adenosine 5′-Monophosphate-Activated Protein Kinase as a Mechanism of Visceral Obesity in Cushing’s Syndrome

2008 ◽  
Vol 93 (12) ◽  
pp. 4969-4973 ◽  
Author(s):  
Blerina Kola ◽  
Mirjam Christ-Crain ◽  
Francesca Lolli ◽  
Giorgio Arnaldi ◽  
Gilberta Giacchetti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Protein Kinase ◽  
Abdominal Surgery ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Cushing’S Syndrome ◽  
Central Obesity ◽  
Cushing's Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Ampk Activity ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Objective: Features of the metabolic syndrome such as central obesity with insulin resistance and dyslipidemia are typical signs of Cushing’s syndrome and common side effects of prolonged glucocorticoid treatment. AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), a key regulatory enzyme of lipid and carbohydrate metabolism as well as appetite, is involved in the development of the deleterious metabolic effects of excess glucocorticoids, but no data are available in humans. In the current study, we demonstrate the effect of high glucocorticoid levels on AMPK activity of human adipose tissue samples from patients with Cushing’s syndrome. Methods: AMPK activity and mRNA expression of genes involved in lipid metabolism were assessed in visceral adipose tissue removed at abdominal surgery of 11 patients with Cushing’s syndrome, nine sex-, age-, and weight-matched patients with adrenal incidentalomas, and in visceral adipose tissue from four patients with non-endocrine-related abdominal surgery. Results: The patients with Cushing’s syndrome exhibited a 70% lower AMPK activity in visceral adipose tissue as compared with both incidentalomas and control patients (P = 0.007 and P < 0.001, respectively). Downstream targets of AMPK fatty acid synthase and phosphoenol-pyruvate carboxykinase were up-regulated in patients with Cushing’s syndrome. AMPK activity was inversely correlated with 0900 h serum cortisol and with urinary free cortisol. Conclusions: Our data suggest that glucocorticoids inhibit AMPK activity in adipose tissue, suggesting a novel mechanism to explain the deposition of visceral adipose tissue and the consequent central obesity observed in patients with iatrogenic or endogenous Cushing’s syndrome.

scholarly journals The Value of Anthropometric Measures in Nutrition and Metabolism: Comment on Anthropometrically Predicted Visceral Adipose Tissue and Blood-Based Biomarkers: A Cross-Sectional Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 117863881983171 ◽  
Author(s):  
Justin C Brown ◽  
Michael O Harhay ◽  
Meera N Harhay
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Abdominal Cavity ◽  
Health Conditions ◽  
Imaging Modalities ◽  
Resonance Imaging ◽  
Anthropometric Measures ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Visceral adipose tissue (VAT)—fat stored deep in the abdominal cavity that surrounds vital organs—is associated with a variety of chronic health conditions. Computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging are the gold standards to quantify VAT. However, the high cost, limited accessibility, and potential exposure to radiation limit the use of these imaging modalities. In this commentary, we review the application of a previously validated regression equation that estimates anthropometrically predicted VAT (apVAT) to explain variance in blood-based biomarkers and predict mortality in a large sample of adults. In our first study (Brown et al. 2018 Eur J Nutr; doi:10.1007/s00394-016-1308-8), apVAT accounted for more variance in biomarkers of glucose homeostasis, inflammation, and lipid metabolism, than body mass index (BMI), waist circumference (WC), or the combination of BMI + WC. In our second study (Brown et al. 2017 Am J Hum Biol; doi:10.1002/ajhb.22898), compared with BMI, WC, and BMI + WC, apVAT more accurately predicted mortality from all causes, cardiovascular disease, and cancer. These studies demonstrate that apVAT can be used in clinical practice and in clinical nutrition and metabolism research when imaging modalities to quantify VAT may not be feasible.

scholarly journals Daily Consumption of Coffee and Eating Bread at Breakfast Time Is Associated with Lower Visceral Adipose Tissue and with Lower Prevalence of Both Visceral Obesity and Metabolic Syndrome in Japanese Populations: A Cross-Sectional Study

Nutrients ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (10) ◽  
pp. 3090
Author(s):  
Teruhide Koyama ◽  
Mizuho Maekawa ◽  
Etsuko Ozaki ◽  
Nagato Kuriyama ◽  
Ritei Uehara
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Green Tea ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Coffee Consumption ◽  
Visceral Obesity ◽  
Tea Consumption ◽  
Daily Consumption ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Background: The study aimed to investigate the association between daily consumption of coffee or green tea, with and without habitual bread consumption for breakfast, and components and prevalence of metabolic syndrome in Japanese populations. Methods: The study population consisted of 3539 participants (1239 males and 2300 females). Odds ratios (ORs) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were calculated using logistic regression analyses to evaluate the associations of daily coffee and green tea consumption with the prevalence of obesity, visceral obesity, and metabolic syndrome. Results: Coffee consumption was associated with significantly lower proportions of visceral obesity (OR: 0.746, CI: 0.588–0.947) and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.706, CI: 0.565–0.882). On the other hand, green tea was not associated with visceral obesity (OR: 1.105, CI: 0.885–1.380) or metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.980, CI: 0.796–1.206). The combination of daily drinking coffee and eating bread at breakfast time was associated with significantly lower proportions of obesity (OR: 0.613, CI: 0.500–0.751) (p = 0.911 for interaction), visceral obesity (OR: 0.549, CI: 0.425–0.710) (p = 0.991 for interaction), and metabolic syndrome (OR: 0.586, CI: 0.464–0.741) (p = 0.792 for interaction). Conclusion: Coffee consumption was significantly associated with lower visceral adipose tissue and lower proportions of visceral obesity, but the same was not true for green tea consumption. Furthermore, in combination with coffee consumption, the addition of eating bread at breakfast time significantly lowered proportions of visceral obesity and metabolic syndrome, although there was no interaction between coffee and bread.

scholarly journals Associations of active commuting with body fat and visceral adipose tissue: A cross-sectional population based study in the UK

2018 ◽  
Vol 106 ◽  
pp. 86-93 ◽  
Author(s):  
Oliver T. Mytton ◽  
David Ogilvie ◽  
Simon Griffin ◽  
Søren Brage ◽  
Nick Wareham ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Population Based ◽  
Active Commuting ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Population Based Study ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Visceral Adipose

scholarly journals Correlation of Body Mass Index, Skeletal Muscle, Subcutaneous and Visceral Adipose Tissue in Healthy Adults: A Cross Sectional Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 66 (3) ◽  
pp. 69-76
Author(s):  
NORBERT CSABA LUKÁCS
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Negative Correlation ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Visceral Adipose

ABSTRACT. Introduction. Obesity is one of the 21st century major health challenges. Adipose tissue is distributed in different proportions in the human body depending on where it is located in the body. The purpose of the research. This study aims to determine the relationship between body mass index, skeletal muscle, subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue in case of first year students of Partium Christian University from Oradea. Subjects and methods. The research included a sample group of 112 students. The analysis of the body composition was performed using the method of bioelectrical impedance. Results. The registered data reveal that 23% of the subjects were overweight or obese and 15% had a low percentage of skeletal muscle. Conclusions. In case of both genders there is a significant negative correlation between the percentage of skeletal muscle and subcutaneous adipose tissue and a significant negative correlation between the percentage of skeletal muscle and visceral adipose tissue.

scholarly journals Cryolipolysis-induced abdominal fat change: Split-body trials

PLoS ONE ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (12) ◽  
pp. e0242782
Author(s):  
In Cheol Hwang ◽  
Kyoung Kon Kim ◽  
Kyu Rae Lee
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Body Fat ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Bioelectrical Impedance ◽  
Impedance Analysis ◽  
Abdominal Fat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Cross ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Cryolipolysis has been considered as a noninvasive alternative to surgical procedures for reducing subcutaneous fat without affecting the surrounding tissues. However, no clinical trial has investigated changes in the abdominal fat tissue by 12 weeks after cryolipolysis. Therefore, in this split-body trial, we explored whether a single session of unilateral cryolipolysis could change visceral and subcutaneous adipose tissue over a period of 12 weeks. We compared the cross-sectional areas of the abdominal adipose tissue of 15 subjects (9 women; 38.3 [10.8] years) by computed tomography before and at 12 weeks after a single treatment of cryolipolysis to the left abdomen and used the right abdomen as untreated control. In addition, we measured participants’ waist circumference, percentage of body fat (by bioelectrical impedance analysis) at baseline and at 6- and 12-weeks post-treatment. Single unilateral cryolipolysis tended to reduce the cross-sectional areas of visceral adipose tissue, by 8.4 cm2 (9.9%), the waist circumferences, and the percent body fat, by 2.8 cm2 (0.6%), overall. The cross-sectional area of visceral adipose tissues on the treated side significantly decreased, by 6.8 cm2 (15.6%; P = 0.003), and that of the untreated side tended to decrease by 1.2 cm2 (3.6%). Thus, a single unilateral session of noninvasive selective cryolipolysis can be considered as a safe and effective treatment for reduction of visceral adipose tissue over a period of 12 weeks, which should result in metabolic improvement.

scholarly journals Visceral adipose tissue activated macrophage content and inflammatory adipokine secretion is higher in pre-eclampsia than in healthy pregnancys

2017 ◽  
Vol 131 (13) ◽  
pp. 1529-1540 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shahzya S. Huda ◽  
Fiona Jordan ◽  
Jack Bray ◽  
Gillian Love ◽  
Reba Payne ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Clinical Syndrome ◽  
Metabolic Effects ◽  
Tissue Cell ◽  
Tissue Macrophage ◽  
Adipose Tissue Cell ◽  
Cell Densities ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Obesity increases pre-eclampsia (PE) risk. Adipose tissue inflammation may contribute to the clinical syndrome of PE. We compared adipose tissue macrophage infiltration and release of pro-inflammatory adipokines in PE and healthy pregnancy. Subcutaneous and visceral adipose tissue biopsies were collected from healthy (n=13) and PE (n=13) mothers. Basal and lipopolysaccharide (LPS) stimulated adipocyte TNFα, IL-6, CCL-2, and CRP release was measured. Adipose tissue cell densities of activated (cfms+) and total (CD68+) macrophages were determined. In PE only, visceral adipose tissue TNFα release was increased after LPS stimulation (57 [76] versus 81 [97] pg/ml/µg DNA, P=0.030). Basal TNFα release was negatively correlated insulin sensitivity of visceral adipocytes (r = −0.61, P=0.030) in PE. Visceral adipocyte IL-6 release was increased after LPS stimulation in PE only (566 [696] versus 852 [914] pg/ml/µg DNA, P=0.019). Visceral adipocyte CCL-2 basal (67 [61] versus 187 [219] pg/ml/µgDNA, P=0.049) and stimulated (46 [46] versus 224 [271] pg/ml/µg DNA, P=0.003) release was greater than in subcutaneous adipocytes in PE only. In PE, median TNF mRNA expression in visceral adipose tissue was higher than controls (1.94 [1.13–4.14] versus 0.8 [0.00–1.27] TNF/PPIA ratio, P=0.006). In visceral adipose tissue, CSF1R (a marker of activated macrophages) mRNA expression (24.8[11.0] versus 51.0[29.9] CSF1R/PPIA ratio, P=0.011) and activated (cfms+) macrophage count (6.7[2.6] versus 15.2[8.8] % cfms+/adipocyte, P=0.031) were higher in PE than in controls. In conclusion, our study demonstrates dysregulation of inflammatory pathways predominantly in visceral adipose tissue in PE. Inflammation of visceral adipose tissue may mediate many of the adverse metabolic effects associated with PE.

scholarly journals Intraperitoneal, but not retroperitoneal, visceral adipose tissue is associated with diabetes mellitus: a cross-sectional, retrospective pilot analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhei Tanaka ◽  
Hiroshi Okada ◽  
Yoshitaka Hashimoto ◽  
Muneaki Kumagai ◽  
Hiromi Nishimura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diabetes Mellitus ◽  
Adipose Tissue ◽  
Visceral Adipose Tissue ◽  
Lumbar Vertebrae ◽  
Area Ratio ◽  
Adverse Outcomes ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Unenhanced Computed Tomography ◽  
Visceral Adipose

Abstract Aim Diabetes mellitus (DM) is associated with adverse outcomes, and visceral adipose tissue (VAT), classified into intraperitoneal VAT (IVAT) and retroperitoneal VAT (RVAT), is associated with insulin resistance. This study aimed to evaluate the association of IVAT and RVAT with the prevalence or incidence of DM. Methods In this cross-sectional, retrospective, cohort study, the prevalence and incidence of DM was analyzed in 803 and 624 middle-aged Japanese participants, respectively. The cross-sectional area of the abdominal adipose tissue was evaluated from an unenhanced computed tomography scan at the third lumbar vertebrae, and the IVAT or RVAT was analyzed using specialized software. The areas were normalized for the square value of the participants’ height in meters and described as the IVAT or RVAT area index. Results The IVAT area index (adjusted odds ratio [OR], 1.04; 95% confidence intervals [CI], 1.02–1.07, per 1.0 cm2/m2) or IVAT/RVAT area ratio (1.89; 1.23–2.85, per 1.0) was independently associated with the prevalence of DM, whereas the RVAT area index was not. During a follow-up (mean) of 3.7 years, 30 participants were diagnosed with DM. The IVAT area index (adjusted hazards ratio [HR], 1.02; 95% CI 1.003–1.04, per 1.0 cm2/m2) or IVAT/RVAT area ratio (2.25; 1.40–3.43, per 1.0) was independently associated with the incidence of DM, whereas the RVAT area index was not. Conclusions IVAT, but not RVAT, is associated with the prevalence or incidence of DM.

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