scholarly journals Impact of Maternal Intake of Artificial Sweetener, Acesulfame-K, on Metabolic and Reproductive Health Outcomes in Male and Female Mouse Offspring

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pania E. Bridge-Comer ◽  
Mark H. Vickers ◽  
Jacob Morton-Jones ◽  
Ana Spada ◽  
Jing Rong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Dietary Advice ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Artificial Sweetener ◽  
Adipocyte Size ◽  
Gene Markers ◽  
The Impact

Guidelines advising pregnant women to avoid food and beverages with high fat and sugar have led to an increase in the consumption of “diet” options sweetened by artificial sweeteners (AS). Yet, there is limited information regarding the impact of AS intake during pregnancy on the long-term risk of cardiometabolic and reproductive complications in adult offspring. This study examined the influence of maternal acesulfame-K (Ace-K) and fructose consumption on metabolic and reproductive outcomes in offspring. Pregnant C57BL/6 mice received standard chow ad-libitum with either water (CD), fructose (Fr; 20% kcal intake), or AS (AS; 12.5 mM Ace-K) throughout pregnancy and lactation (n = 8/group). Postweaning offspring were maintained on a CD diet for the remainder of the experiment. Body weight, food intake, and water intake were measured weekly. Oral glucose tolerance tests (OGTT) were undertaken at 12 weeks, and the offspring were culled at week 14. Female, but not male, AS groups exhibited decreased glucose tolerance compared to Fr. There was an increase in gonadal fat adipocyte size in male offspring from AS and Fr groups compared to CD groups. In female offspring, adipocyte size was increased in the Fr group compared to the CD group. In female, but not male offspring, there was a trend toward increase in Fasn gene expression in AS group compared to the CD group. Maternal AS and Fr also negatively impacted upon female offspring estrus cycles and induced alterations to markers associated with ovulation. In summary, exposure to Ace-k via the maternal diet leads to impaired glucose tolerance and impacts adipocyte size in a sex-specific manner as well as significantly affecting estrus cycles and related gene markers in female offspring. This has implications in terms of providing tailored dietary advice for pregnant women and highlights the potential negative influence of artificial sweetener intake in the context of intergenerational impacts.

scholarly journals The effect of maternal and post-weaning low and high glycaemic index diets on glucose tolerance, fat deposition and hepatic function in rat offspring

2015 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 320-329 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Gugusheff ◽  
P. Sim ◽  
A. Kheng ◽  
S. Gentili ◽  
M. Al-Nussairawi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Later Life ◽  
Hepatic Function ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Glycaemic Index ◽  
Visceral Adiposity ◽  
Beneficial Effects ◽  
Pregnancy And Lactation ◽  
Total Body ◽  
The Impact

Clinical studies have reported beneficial effects of a maternal low glycaemic index (GI) diet on pregnancy and neonatal outcomes, but the impact of the diet on the offspring in later life, and the mechanisms underlying these effects, remain unclear. In this study, Albino Wistar rats were fed either a low GI (n=14) or high GI (n=14) diet during pregnancy and lactation and their offspring weaned onto either the low or high GI diet. Low GI dams had better glucose tolerance (AUC[glucose], 1322±55 v. 1523±72 mmol min/l, P<0.05) and a lower proportion of visceral fat (19.0±2.9 v. 21.7±3.8% of total body fat, P<0.05) compared to high GI dams. Female offspring of low GI dams had lower visceral adiposity (0.45±0.03 v. 0.53±0.03% body weight, P<0.05) and higher glucose tolerance (AUC[glucose], 1243±29 v. 1351±39 mmol min/l, P<0.05) at weaning, as well as lower hepatic PI3K-p85 mRNA at 12 weeks of age. No differences in glucose tolerance or hepatic gene expression were observed in male offspring, but the male low GI offspring did have reduced hepatic lipid content at weaning. These findings suggest that consuming a low GI diet during pregnancy and lactation can improve glucose tolerance and reduce visceral adiposity in the female offspring at weaning, and may potentially produce long-term reductions in the hepatic lipogenic capacity of these offspring.

scholarly journals Interpretation of Modified Glucose Tolerance Test among Pregnant Malaysian Women

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (08) ◽  
pp. 309-313
Author(s):  
Muna Kh. Al-kubaisi ◽  
Saad M. Al-Shibli ◽  
Nilar Win
Keyword(s):  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Blood Sample ◽  
Blood Sugar ◽  
Glucose Tolerance Test ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Tolerance Test ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
The Mean ◽  
Local Protocol

Aim: Is to find the mean and two standard deviation of the serum blood sugar among pregnant women while running the modified oral glucose tolerance test (MOGTT) as screening for gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) & to compare the readings with other protocols adopted in diagnosing GDM. Method: A cross sectional study among pregnant women running routine MOGTT at 24-28 weeks’ gestation. A total of 149 women participated in 4 months period. The test included 5 ml of venous blood sample taken after fasting for 8 hours and a second blood sample 2 hours after having 200 ml of 75 g glucose solution within 10 minutes. Results: The mean for the fasting blood sugar is 4.32 mmol/L±0.52 making value of 2SD of 5.36 mmol/l. The mean of the 2 hours glucose level was 6.11mmol/l±1.38 making the 2SD value of 8.87 mmol/l. Conclusion: Our results for the 1st reading in MOGTT is near to the value of the local protocol in diagnosing GDM. The 2 hours postprandial reading in the local protocol is fairly low when compared with our findings & with guidelines of nearby communities.

scholarly journals Vitamin D status and its determinants in Pre Diabetic pregnant mothers attending tertiary care centre in Tamilnadu, India

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 617-622
Author(s):  
Kavitha Durairaj ◽  
Muthulakshmi M ◽  
Venkataraman P ◽  
Murali R ◽  
Rukumani J ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitamin D ◽  
Pregnant Women ◽  
Infection Type ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Vitamin D Supplementation ◽  
Ultraviolet B ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
College Hospital ◽  
The Impact

Vitamin D is a vital nutrient factor in the healthiness of the mother and infant. Vitamin D is mainly amalgamated in the skin following exposure to ultraviolet B radiation. Insufficiency of vitamin D in Pregnancy had been related to various sicknesses, such as respiratory infection, type 1 diabetes mellitus, high risk of childhood wheezing. The aim of this study was to investigate the impact of Vitamin D supplementation on the incidence of pregestational diabetes in pregnant women referred to antenatal clinics in SRM Medical College hospital, Tamilnadu, India. 200 pregnant women were recruited, and oral glucose challenge test (OGCT), serum calcium and 25(OH) D were determined. Participants were in the age group of 18 to 35 years, with a mean age of 26.29. Among the participants, 59% were multiparous. The present study showed that a high prevalence of vitamin D deficiency (61.5%) and insufficiency (34%) in pregnant women before supplementation with a mean of 16.84. Vitamin D supplementation during the early weeks of pregnancy might help in the improvement of maternal and child health.

Prevention of diet-induced obesity and impaired glucose tolerance in rats following administration of leptin to their mothers

2007 ◽  
Vol 292 (5) ◽  
pp. R1810-R1818 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire J. Stocker ◽  
Ed Wargent ◽  
Jacqueline O'Dowd ◽  
Claire Cornick ◽  
John R. Speakman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Weight Gain ◽  
Energy Balance ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Fat Pad ◽  
Plasma Insulin Concentration ◽  
Obesogenic Diet ◽  
Tolerance Curve

Absence of leptin is known to disrupt the development of energy balance regulatory mechanisms. We investigated whether administration of leptin to normally nourished rats affects energy balance in their offspring. Leptin (2 mg·kg−1·day−1) was administered from day 14 of pregnancy and throughout lactation. Male and female offspring were fed either on chow or on high-fat diets that elicited similar levels of obesity in the sexes from 6 wk to 15 mo of age. Treatment of the dams with leptin prevented diet-induced increases in the rate of weight gain, retroperitoneal fat pad weight, area under the intraperitoneal glucose tolerance curve, and fasting plasma insulin concentration in female offspring. In the male offspring, the diet-induced increase in weight gain was prevented and increased fat pad weight was reduced. Energy intake per rat was higher in response to the obesogenic diet in male offspring of saline-treated but not leptin-treated dams. A similar trend was seen in 3-mo-old female offspring. Energy expenditure at 3 mo of age was higher for a given body weight in female offspring of leptin-treated compared with saline-treated dams when these animals were fed on the obesogenic diet. A similar trend was seen for male rats fed on the obesogenic diet. Thus leptin levels during pregnancy and lactation can affect the development of energy balance regulatory systems in their offspring.

Increased prevalence of β-cell dysfunction despite normal HbA1c in youth and young adults with Turner Syndrome

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicole Sheanon ◽  
Deborah Elder ◽  
Jane Khoury ◽  
Lori Casnellie ◽  
Iris Gutmark-Little ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Secretion ◽  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Turner Syndrome ◽  
P Value ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Β Cell ◽  
Cell Dysfunction ◽  
The Impact

Intro: Adult women with Turner syndrome (TS) have a high prevalence of diabetes and β-cell dysfunction that increases morbidity and mortality, but, it is unknown if there is β-cell dysfunction present in youth with TS. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of β-cell dysfunction in youth with TS and the impact of traditional therapies on insulin sensitivity and insulin secretion. Methods: Cross-sectional, observational study recruited 60 girls with TS and 60 healthy controls (HC) matched on pubertal status. Each subject had a history, physical exam and oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT). Oral glucose and c-peptide minimal modeling was used to determine β-cell function. Results: Twenty-one TS girls (35%) met criteria for pre-diabetes. Impaired fasting glucose (IFG) was present in 18% of girls with TS and 2% HC (p-value = 0.0003). Impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) was present in 23% of TS girls and 0% HC (p-value < 0.001). The HbA1c was not different between TS and HC (median 5%, p= 0.42). Youth with TS had significant reductions in insulin sensitivity (SI), β-cell responsivity (Φ), and disposition index (DI) compared to HC. These differences remained significant when controlling for BMI z-score (p-values: 0.0006, 0.002, <0.0001 for SI, Φtotal, DI, respectively). Conclusions: β-cell dysfunction is present in youth with TS compared to controls. The presence of both reduced insulin secretion and insulin sensitivity suggest a unique TS-related glycemic phenotype. Based on the data from this study, we strongly suggest that providers employ serial OGTT to screen for glucose abnormalities in TS youth.

scholarly journals Protein Intake at Twice the RDA in Older Men Increases Circulatory Concentrations of the Microbiome Metabolite Trimethylamine-N-Oxide (TMAO)

Nutrients ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 2207 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mitchell ◽  
Milan ◽  
Mitchell ◽  
Gillies ◽  
D’Souza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Insulin Sensitivity ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Dietary Protein ◽  
Protein Intake ◽  
High Protein ◽  
Oral Glucose ◽  
Dietary Protein Intake ◽  
Cvd Risk ◽  
Post Intervention ◽  
The Impact

Higher dietary protein intake is increasingly recommended for the elderly; however, high protein diets have also been linked to increased cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO) is a bacterial metabolite derived from choline and carnitine abundant from animal protein-rich foods. TMAO may be a novel biomarker for heightened CVD risk. The purpose of this study was to assess the impact of a high protein diet on TMAO. Healthy men (74.2 ± 3.6 years, n = 29) were randomised to consume the recommended dietary allowance of protein (RDA: 0.8 g protein/kg bodyweight/day) or twice the RDA (2RDA) as part of a supplied diet for 10 weeks. Fasting blood samples were collected pre- and post-intervention for measurement of TMAO, blood lipids, glucose tolerance, insulin sensitivity, and inflammatory biomarkers. An oral glucose tolerance test was also performed. In comparison with RDA, the 2RDA diet increased circulatory TMAO (p = 0.002) but unexpectedly decreased renal excretion of TMAO (p = 0.003). LDL cholesterol was increased in 2RDA compared to RDA (p = 0.049), but no differences in other biomarkers of CVD risk and insulin sensitivity were evident between groups. In conclusion, circulatory TMAO is responsive to changes in dietary protein intake in older healthy males.

scholarly journals Maternal Choline Supplementation During Gestational Diabetes Causes Long-Term Phenotypic Changes in Offspring (P11-132-19)

2019 ◽  
Vol 3 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Hunter Korsmo ◽  
Kaydine Edwards ◽  
Bhoomi Dave ◽  
Chauntelle Jack-Roberts ◽  
Xinyin Jiang
Keyword(s):  
New York ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Gestational Diabetes ◽  
Glucose Tolerance ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Fasting Blood Glucose ◽  
Blood Glucose Control ◽  
Female Offspring ◽  
Male Offspring ◽  
York Academy

Abstract Objectives Using a mouse gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) model, this study investigated whether maternal choline supplementation (MCS) could alter postnatal growth and metabolic abnormalities associated with GDM. Methods C57BL/6 mice were either fed a low fat (LF, 10kcal % fat) control diet or a high fat (HF, 60kcal % fat) diet prior to and during pregnancy to induce GDM. These mice received either 25mM choline (MCS) or plain drinking water, After weaning, offspring were fed the HF diet for 6 weeks before glucose tolerance testing and dissection. Results In male offspring from MCS-GDM mothers, we observed a decrease in fasting blood glucose levels and an increase in glucose tolerance when comparing to other groups (P < 0.05). Liver choline metabolite measurements demonstrated that free choline content was lower (P = 0.01) in the MCS-GDM male offspring than control GDM male offspring; there is also an increase in liver sphingomyelin concentrations (P = 0.007) in female offspring from MCS-GDM compared to control GDM dams. Conclusions MCS during GDM leads to improvements in blood glucose control in male mouse offspring exposed to a postnatal HF environment. Funding Sources NIGMS and NIDDK; New York Academy of Sciences.

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