scholarly journals Methionine Restriction Improves Gut Barrier Function by Reshaping Diurnal Rhythms of Inflammation-Related Microbes in Aged Mice

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bo Ren ◽  
Luanfeng Wang ◽  
Aiziguli Mulati ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Zhigang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Diurnal Rhythms ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Methionine Restriction

Age-related gut barrier dysfunction and dysbiosis of the gut microbiome play crucial roles in human aging. Dietary methionine restriction (MR) has been reported to extend lifespan and reduce the inflammatory response; however, its protective effects on age-related gut barrier dysfunction remain unclear. Accordingly, we focus on the effects of MR on inflammation and gut function. We found a 3-month methionine-restriction reduced inflammatory factors in the serum of aged mice. Moreover, MR reduced gut permeability in aged mice and increased the levels of the tight junction proteins mRNAs, including those of occludin, claudin-1, and zona occludens-1. MR significantly reduced bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide concentration in aged mice serum. By using 16s rRNA sequencing to analyze microbiome diurnal rhythmicity during 24 h, we found MR moderately recovered the cyclical fluctuations of the gut microbiome which was disrupted in aged mice, leading to time-specific enhancement of the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing and lifespan-promoting microbes. Moreover, MR dampened the oscillation of inflammation-related TM7-3 and Staphylococcaceae. In conclusion, the effects of MR on the gut barrier were likely related to alleviation of the oscillations of inflammation-related microbes. MR can enable nutritional intervention against age-related gut barrier dysfunction.

scholarly journals Imbalance of gut microbiome and intestinal epithelial barrier dysfunction in patients with high blood pressure

2018 ◽  
Vol 132 (6) ◽  
pp. 701-718 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seungbum Kim ◽  
Ruby Goel ◽  
Ashok Kumar ◽  
Yanfei Qi ◽  
Gil Lobaton ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
High Blood Pressure ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Epithelial Barrier ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Fatty Acid Binding ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Junction Protein

Recent evidence indicates a link between gut pathology and microbiome with hypertension (HTN) in animal models. However, whether this association exists in humans is unknown. Thus, our objectives in the present study were to test the hypotheses that high blood pressure (BP) patients have distinct gut microbiomes and that gut–epithelial barrier function markers and microbiome composition could predict systolic BP (SBP). Fecal samples, analyzed by shotgun metagenomics, displayed taxonomic and functional changes, including altered butyrate production between patients with high BP and reference subjects. Significant increases in plasma of intestinal fatty acid binding protein (I-FABP), lipopolysaccharide (LPS), and augmented gut-targetting proinflammatory T helper 17 (Th17) cells in high BP patients demonstrated increased intestinal inflammation and permeability. Zonulin, a gut epithelial tight junction protein regulator, was markedly elevated, further supporting gut barrier dysfunction in high BP. Zonulin strongly correlated with SBP (R2 = 0.5301, P<0.0001). Two models predicting SBP were built using stepwise linear regression analysis of microbiome data and circulating markers of gut health, and validated in a separate cohort by prediction of SBP from zonulin in plasma (R2 = 0.4608, P<0.0001). The mouse model of HTN, chronic angiotensin II (Ang II) infusion, was used to confirm the effects of butyrate and gut barrier function on the cardiovascular system and BP. These results support our conclusion that intestinal barrier dysfunction and microbiome function are linked to HTN in humans. They suggest that manipulation of gut microbiome and its barrier functions could be the new therapeutic and diagnostic avenues for HTN.

scholarly journals Centenarian-Sourced Lactobacillus casei Combined with Dietary Fiber Complex Ameliorates Brain and Gut Function in Aged Mice

Nutrients ◽  
2022 ◽  
Vol 14 (2) ◽  
pp. 324
Author(s):  
Minhong Ren ◽  
He Li ◽  
Zhen Fu ◽  
Quanyang Li
Keyword(s):  
Dietary Fiber ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Lactobacillus Casei ◽  
Dietary Intervention ◽  
Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Gut Function

Dietary intervention could modulate age-related neurological disorders via the gut–brain axis. The potential roles of a probiotic and the dietary fiber complex (DFC) on brain and gut function in aged mice were investigated in this study. Lactobacillus casei LTL1361 and DFC were orally administrated for 12 weeks, and the learning and memory ability, as well as the oxidative parameters, inflammatory markers, gut barrier function and microbial metabolite short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), were investigated. LTL1361 and DFC supplementation ameliorated cognitive ability, attenuated oxidative stress in brain and inflammation in serum and colon, ameliorated gut barrier function, and increased the SCFA concentrations and gene expression of SCFA receptors. The protective effect was more significantly enhanced in aged mice treated with the combination of LTL1361 and DFC than treated with LTL1361 or DFC alone. These results could be associated with the protected morphology of pyramidal nerve cells in hippocampus of mice brain and the downregulation of apoptosis marker caspase-3 in brain and upregulation of tight junction proteins in small intestine and colon. The results indicated that Lactobacillus casei LTL1361 and DFC alleviated age-related cognitive impairment, as well as protected brain and gut function. Lactobacillus casei LTL1361 and DFC might be used as novel and promising antiaging agents in human.

scholarly journals Hypertension drives microbial translocation and shifts in the fecal microbiome of non-human primates

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravichandra Vemuri ◽  
Alistaire Ruggiero ◽  
Jordyn B. Whitfield ◽  
Greg O Dugan ◽  
Mark J Cline ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Microbial Translocation ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Mesenteric Lymph Nodes ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Bacterial Gene ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Pressure Independent

Accumulating evidence indicates a link between gut barrier dysfunction and hypertension. However, it is unclear whether hypertension dictates gut barrier dysfunction or vice versa and whether the gut microbiome plays a role. To better understand this relationship, first, we cross-sectionally examined hypertension and other cardio-metabolic risk factors and gut barrier function in a population of 150 nonhuman primates. Interestingly, the animals with hypertension showed evidence of gut barrier dysfunction (i.e., translocation of microbes through the gut wall), as indicated by higher plasma levels of lipopolysaccharide-binding protein (LBP)-1, compared to normotensive animals. Further, plasma LBP-1 levels were strongly correlated with diastolic blood pressure, independent of age and other health markers, suggesting specificity of the effect of hypertension on microbial translocation. In a subsequent longitudinal study (analysis at baseline, 12 and 27 months), hypertensive animals had higher plasma levels of LBP-1 at all the time points and greater bacterial gene expression in mesenteric lymph nodes compared to normotensive animals, confirming microbe translocation. Concomitantly, we identified distinct dysbiosis in the gut microbial signature of hypertensive versus normotensive animals at 12 and 27 months. These results suggest that hypertension drives microbial translocation in the gut and eventually unhealthy shifts in the gut microbiome, possibly contributing to poor health outcomes, providing further impetus for the management of hypertension.

scholarly journals Oral–Gut Microbiome Axis in Gastrointestinal Disease and Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (9) ◽  
pp. 2124
Author(s):  
Se-Young Park ◽  
Byeong-Oh Hwang ◽  
Mihwa Lim ◽  
Seung-Ho Ok ◽  
Sun-Kyoung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Interaction ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Microbial Ecosystem ◽  
Precise Diagnosis

It is well-known that microbiota dysbiosis is closely associated with numerous diseases in the human body. The oral cavity and gut are the two largest microbial habitats, playing a major role in microbiome-associated diseases. Even though the oral cavity and gut are continuous regions connected through the gastrointestinal tract, the oral and gut microbiome profiles are well-segregated due to the oral–gut barrier. However, the oral microbiota can translocate to the intestinal mucosa in conditions of the oral–gut barrier dysfunction. Inversely, the gut-to-oral microbial transmission occurs as well in inter- and intrapersonal manners. Recently, it has been reported that oral and gut microbiomes interdependently regulate physiological functions and pathological processes. Oral-to-gut and gut-to-oral microbial transmissions can shape and/or reshape the microbial ecosystem in both habitats, eventually modulating pathogenesis of disease. However, the oral–gut microbial interaction in pathogenesis has been underappreciated to date. Here, we will highlight the oral–gut microbiome crosstalk and its implications in the pathogenesis of the gastrointestinal disease and cancer. Better understanding the role of the oral–gut microbiome axis in pathogenesis will be advantageous for precise diagnosis/prognosis and effective treatment.

scholarly journals Clinical Analysis of Gut Barrier Dysfunction in Patients with Advanced Colorectal Cancer Undergoing Cytoreductive Surgery and HIPEC

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Le lai Ping ◽  
Jiang xu Mian ◽  
Chen Wei
Keyword(s):  
Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Cytoreductive Surgery ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Intraperitoneal Injection ◽  
Advanced Colorectal Cancer ◽  
Patient Characteristics ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Gut Barrier Function

Abstract Introduction: Hyperthermic intraperitoneal chemotherapy combinedwith cytoreductive surgery is a preferred treatment option for advanced colorectal cancer patients. However, little is known whether the HIPEC can cause the damage of gut barrier function.Methods: A total of 123 patients underwent surgical resection for advanced CRC. Sixty-five patients were treated HIPEC after cytoreductive surgery whereas 58 patients underwent surgery only. Gut barrier function were evaluated using the expression of serum DAO/D-la/ET on D1/D5/D10 after surgery. Both groups were compared for patient characteristics, perioperative data and gut barrier function. Moreover, rats received intraperitoneal injection of retetrexed to observe possible changes of colonic structure under optical microscope.Results: Both groups were comparable with respect to general patient characteristics and post-operative complications. The HIPEC+CRS group was associated with a higher postoperative serum level of DAO/D-la on D1/D5 (p < 0.05) and ET on D5 after surgery (p < 0.05) than that of the surgery only group. Ten days after surgery showed no statistical difference between the 2 groups (p > 0.05).A large area structure disorder, epithelial necrosis, glandular deformation and a large number of lymphocytes infiltration was found in the lamina propria in animals received intraperitoneal injection of retetrexed.Conclusion: In this study, CRS combined with HIPEC does have but only an irreversible impact on gut barrier for advanced CRC patients.

scholarly journals Protective Effects of Curcumin and Broccoli Seed Extract Against Age-Related Bone Loss in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 46-46
Author(s):  
Jing Li ◽  
Dong Zhang ◽  
Yiping Ren ◽  
Zhongdong Qiao ◽  
Doug Stevenson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Bone Loss ◽  
Seed Extract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Trabecular Thickness ◽  
Time Points ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
Age Related ◽  
Young Mice

Abstract Objectives Age-related bone loss occurs in both men and women, and is the leading cause of elderly disability. An age-related bone loss model was established in mice to investigate the protective effects of curcumin and broccoli seed extract. Methods 20 young (6-month-old) male C57BL/6 J mice after administration with vehicle once daily were sacrificed at four time points: day 0, 30, 60 and 90. 8 out of the 109 aged (18-month-old) male C57BL/6 J mice were sacrificed at the beginning and used as control. The rest of these aged mice were then randomly divided into four groups: one group served as control (vehicle), the other three groups were administrated with curcumin (CMN) and/or broccoli seed extract (BSE) by oral gavage. Mice in each group were sacrificed at four time points: day 0, 30, 60 and 90. L2 vertebrae of mice were fixed with paraformaldehyde and scanned with a Scanco Medical μCT40 scanner. Quantitative analyses of bone volume (BV), tissue volume (TV), trabecular number (Tb.N), trabecular thickness (Tb.Th) and trabecular spacing (Tb.Sp) were performed with the Scanco Medical's software. Results BV/TV of the young mice group were significantly higher compared to the aged mice group at all four time points. Similarly, Tb.N and Tb.Th were also higher in the young mice group compared to the aged mice group. In contrast, Tb.Sp was lower in the young mice group. When comparing different groups in the aged mice, we found that mice administered with CMN had a higher BV/TV value compared to the mice in the control group at all three time points. Such a difference is significant by day 30. The mice administered with combined CMN and BSE also showed significant increase in BV/TV on day 30. For Tb.N, both mice administered with either CMN or BSE had higher values at all three time points. But no obvious difference in Tb.N was found for mice administered with combined CMN and BSE. For Tb.Th, both mice administered with CMN and with combined CMN and BSE had higher values compared to the control. For Tb.Sp, both mice administered with either CMN or BSE had lower values compared to the control. Conclusions This study showed that curcumin could slow down bone loss in the mouse model. There is no obvious positive effect with broccoli seed extract or with curcumin and broccoli seed extract combined. The curcumin used in this study may shed light on the alleviation of bone loss in humans. Funding Sources Nu Skin Enterprises.

scholarly journals Aging and serum MCP-1 are associated with gut microbiome composition in a murine model

2016 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa N. Conley ◽  
Carmen P. Wong ◽  
Kyle M. Duyck ◽  
Norman Hord ◽  
Emily Ho ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Immune System ◽  
Murine Model ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Inflammatory Marker ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Host Immune System ◽  
Cancer Type ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Aged Mice ◽  
Age Related

Introduction Age is the primary risk factor for major human chronic diseases, including cardiovascular disorders, cancer, type 2 diabetes, and neurodegenerative diseases. Chronic, low-grade, systemic inflammation is associated with aging and the progression of immunosenescence. Immunosenescence may play an important role in the development of age-related chronic disease and the widely observed phenomenon of increased production of inflammatory mediators that accompany this process, referred to as “inflammaging”. While it has been demonstrated that the gut microbiome and immune system interact, the relationship between the gut microbiome and age remains to be clearly defined, particularly in the context of inflammation. The aim of the study was to clarify the associations between age, the gut microbiome, and pro-inflammatory marker serum MCP-1 in a C57BL/6 murine model. Results We used 16S rRNA gene sequencing to profile the composition of fecal microbiota associated with young and aged mice. Our analysis identified an association between microbiome structure and mouse age, and revealed specific groups of taxa whose abundances stratify young and aged mice. This includes the Ruminococcaceae, Clostridiaceae, and Enterobacteriaceae. We also profiled pro-inflammatory serum MCP-1 levels of each mouse and found that aged mice exhibited elevated serum MCP-1, a phenotype consistent with inflammaging. Robust correlation tests identified several taxa whose abundance in the microbiome associates with serum MCP-1 status, indicating that they may interact with the mouse immune system. We find that taxonomically similar organisms can exhibit differing, even opposite, patterns of association with the host immune system. We also find that many of the OTUs that associate with serum MCP-1 also stratify individuals by age. Discussion Our results demonstrate that gut microbiome composition is associated with age and the pro-inflammatory marker, serum MCP-1. The correlation between age, relative abundance of specific taxa in the gut microbiome, and serum MCP-1 status in mice indicates that the gut microbiome may play a modulating role in age-related inflammatory processes. These findings warrant further investigation of taxa associated with the inflammaging phenotype and the role of gut microbiome in the health status and immune function of aged individuals.

scholarly journals Gut microbiome, endocrine control of gut barrier function and metabolic diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 250 (1) ◽  
pp. X1
Author(s):  
Marion Régnier ◽  
Matthias Van Hul ◽  
Claude Knauf ◽  
Patrice D Cani
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Barrier Function ◽  
Metabolic Diseases ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
Gut Barrier Function

Dysbiosis in early sepsis can be modulated by a multispecies probiotic: a randomised controlled pilot trial

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 265-278 ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Stadlbauer ◽  
A. Horvath ◽  
I. Komarova ◽  
B. Schmerboeck ◽  
N. Feldbacher ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
Pilot Trial ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Double Blind ◽  
Microbiome Composition ◽  
Gut Barrier Function ◽  
Probiotic Intervention ◽  
Early Sepsis

The gut is hypothesised to play an important role in the development and progression of sepsis. It is however unknown whether the gut microbiome and the gut barrier function is already altered early in sepsis development and whether it is possible to modulate the microbiome in early sepsis. Therefore, a randomised, double blind, placebo-controlled pilot study to examine the alterations of the microbiome and the gut barrier in early sepsis and the influence of a concomitant probiotic intervention on dysbiosis at this early stage of the disease was conducted. Patients with early sepsis, defined as fulfilling the sepsis definition from the 2012 Surviving Sepsis Campaign guidelines but without signs of organ failure, received multispecies probiotic (Winclove 607 based on Omnibiotic® 10 AAD) for 28 days. Gut microbiome composition, function, gut barrier and bacterial translocation were studied. Patients with early sepsis had a significantly lower structural and functional alpha diversity, clustered differently and showed structural alterations on all taxonomic levels. Gut permeability was unaltered but endotoxin, endotoxin binding proteins and peptidoglycans were elevated in early sepsis patients compared to controls. Probiotic intervention successfully increased probiotic strains in stool and led to an improvement of functional diversity. Microbiome composition and function are altered in early sepsis. Probiotic intervention successfully modulates the microbiome and is therefore a promising tool for early intervention in sepsis.

Oral–Gut Microbiome Axis in Gastrointestinal Disease and Cancer

Cancers ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (7) ◽  
pp. 1748
Author(s):  
Se-Young Park ◽  
Byeong-Oh Hwang ◽  
Mihwa Lim ◽  
Seung Ho Ok ◽  
Sun Kyoung Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oral Cavity ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Gastrointestinal Disease ◽  
Oral Microbiota ◽  
Microbial Interaction ◽  
Barrier Dysfunction ◽  
Gut Barrier ◽  
Microbial Ecosystem ◽  
Precise Diagnosis

It is well-known that microbiota dysbiosis is closely associated with numerous diseases in the human body. The oral cavity and gut are the two largest microbial habitats, playing a major role in microbiome-associated diseases. Even though the oral cavity and gut are continuous regions connected through the gastrointestinal tract, the oral and gut microbiome profiles are well-segregated due to the oral–gut barrier. However, the oral microbiota can translocate to the intestinal mucosa in conditions of the oral–gut barrier dysfunction. Inversely, the gut-to-oral microbial transmission occurs as well in inter- and intrapersonal manners. Recently, it has been reported that oral and gut microbiomes interdependently regulate physiological functions and pathological processes. Oral-to-gut and gut-to-oral microbial transmissions can shape and/or reshape the microbial ecosystem in both habitats, eventually modulating pathogenesis of disease. However, the oral–gut microbial interaction in pathogenesis has been underappreciated to date. Here, we will highlight the oral–gut microbiome crosstalk and its implications in the pathogenesis of the gastrointestinal disease and cancer. Better understanding the role of the oral–gut microbiome axis in pathogenesis will be advantageous for precise diagnosis/prognosis and effective treatment.

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