Centenarian-Sourced Lactobacillus casei Combined with Dietary Fiber Complex Ameliorates Brain and Gut Function in Aged Mice

Dietary intervention could modulate age-related neurological disorders via the gut–brain axis. The potential roles of a probiotic and the dietary fiber complex (DFC) on brain and gut function in aged mice were investigated in this study. Lactobacillus casei LTL1361 and DFC were orally administrated for 12 weeks, and the learning and memory ability, as well as the oxidative parameters, inflammatory markers, gut barrier function and microbial metabolite short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs), were investigated. LTL1361 and DFC supplementation ameliorated cognitive ability, attenuated oxidative stress in brain and inflammation in serum and colon, ameliorated gut barrier function, and increased the SCFA concentrations and gene expression of SCFA receptors. The protective effect was more significantly enhanced in aged mice treated with the combination of LTL1361 and DFC than treated with LTL1361 or DFC alone. These results could be associated with the protected morphology of pyramidal nerve cells in hippocampus of mice brain and the downregulation of apoptosis marker caspase-3 in brain and upregulation of tight junction proteins in small intestine and colon. The results indicated that Lactobacillus casei LTL1361 and DFC alleviated age-related cognitive impairment, as well as protected brain and gut function. Lactobacillus casei LTL1361 and DFC might be used as novel and promising antiaging agents in human.

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The effect of dietary fiber on gut barrier function, gut microbiota, short‐chain fatty acids, inflammation and clinical outcomes in critically ill patients: A systematic review and meta‐analysis

Journal of Parenteral and Enteral Nutrition ◽

10.1002/jpen.2319 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Ting Liu ◽

Can Wang ◽

Yu‐yu Wang ◽

Li‐li Wang ◽

Omorogieva Ojo ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Systematic Review ◽

Fatty Acids ◽

Gut Microbiota ◽

Dietary Fiber ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

Critically Ill Patients ◽

Barrier Function ◽

Meta Analysis ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Gut Barrier Function

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Methionine Restriction Improves Gut Barrier Function by Reshaping Diurnal Rhythms of Inflammation-Related Microbes in Aged Mice

Frontiers in Nutrition ◽

10.3389/fnut.2021.746592 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Bo Ren ◽

Luanfeng Wang ◽

Aiziguli Mulati ◽

Yan Liu ◽

Zhigang Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Gut Microbiome ◽

Diurnal Rhythms ◽

Inflammatory Factors ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Barrier Dysfunction ◽

Gut Barrier ◽

Aged Mice ◽

Gut Barrier Function ◽

Age Related ◽

Methionine Restriction

Age-related gut barrier dysfunction and dysbiosis of the gut microbiome play crucial roles in human aging. Dietary methionine restriction (MR) has been reported to extend lifespan and reduce the inflammatory response; however, its protective effects on age-related gut barrier dysfunction remain unclear. Accordingly, we focus on the effects of MR on inflammation and gut function. We found a 3-month methionine-restriction reduced inflammatory factors in the serum of aged mice. Moreover, MR reduced gut permeability in aged mice and increased the levels of the tight junction proteins mRNAs, including those of occludin, claudin-1, and zona occludens-1. MR significantly reduced bacterial endotoxin lipopolysaccharide concentration in aged mice serum. By using 16s rRNA sequencing to analyze microbiome diurnal rhythmicity during 24 h, we found MR moderately recovered the cyclical fluctuations of the gut microbiome which was disrupted in aged mice, leading to time-specific enhancement of the abundance of short-chain fatty acid-producing and lifespan-promoting microbes. Moreover, MR dampened the oscillation of inflammation-related TM7-3 and Staphylococcaceae. In conclusion, the effects of MR on the gut barrier were likely related to alleviation of the oscillations of inflammation-related microbes. MR can enable nutritional intervention against age-related gut barrier dysfunction.

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Homeostasis of the gut barrier and potential biomarkers

AJP Gastrointestinal and Liver Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpgi.00048.2015 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 312 (3) ◽

pp. G171-G193 ◽

Cited By ~ 139

Author(s):

Jerry M. Wells ◽

Robert J. Brummer ◽

Muriel Derrien ◽

Thomas T. MacDonald ◽

Freddy Troost ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Mast Cell ◽

Barrier Function ◽

Short Chain Fatty Acids ◽

Secretory Iga ◽

Immune Recognition ◽

Gut Health ◽

Gut Barrier ◽

Gut Barrier Function ◽

Abdominal Symptoms ◽

Normal Ranges

The gut barrier plays a crucial role by spatially compartmentalizing bacteria to the lumen through the production of secreted mucus and is fortified by the production of secretory IgA (sIgA) and antimicrobial peptides and proteins. With the exception of sIgA, expression of these protective barrier factors is largely controlled by innate immune recognition of microbial molecular ligands. Several specialized adaptations and checkpoints are operating in the mucosa to scale the immune response according to the threat and prevent overreaction to the trillions of symbionts inhabiting the human intestine. A healthy microbiota plays a key role influencing epithelial barrier functions through the production of short-chain fatty acids (SCFAs) and interactions with innate pattern recognition receptors in the mucosa, driving the steady-state expression of mucus and antimicrobial factors. However, perturbation of gut barrier homeostasis can lead to increased inflammatory signaling, increased epithelial permeability, and dysbiosis of the microbiota, which are recognized to play a role in the pathophysiology of a variety of gastrointestinal disorders. Additionally, gut-brain signaling may be affected by prolonged mucosal immune activation, leading to increased afferent sensory signaling and abdominal symptoms. In turn, neuronal mechanisms can affect the intestinal barrier partly by activation of the hypothalamus-pituitary-adrenal axis and both mast cell-dependent and mast cell-independent mechanisms. The modulation of gut barrier function through nutritional interventions, including strategies to manipulate the microbiota, is considered a relevant target for novel therapeutic and preventive treatments against a range of diseases. Several biomarkers have been used to measure gut permeability and loss of barrier integrity in intestinal diseases, but there remains a need to explore their use in assessing the effect of nutritional factors on gut barrier function. Future studies should aim to establish normal ranges of available biomarkers and their predictive value for gut health in human cohorts.

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Lysate of Probiotic Lactobacillus casei DN-114 001 Ameliorates Colitis by Strengthening the Gut Barrier Function and Changing the Gut Microenvironment

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0027961 ◽

2011 ◽

Vol 6 (11) ◽

pp. e27961 ◽

Cited By ~ 102

Author(s):

Zuzana Zakostelska ◽

Miloslav Kverka ◽

Klara Klimesova ◽

Pavel Rossmann ◽

Jakub Mrazek ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Barrier Function ◽

Lactobacillus Casei ◽

Gut Barrier ◽

Gut Barrier Function ◽

Probiotic Lactobacillus

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Increased Akkermansia abundance is associated with increased colonic mucosal ω-3 fatty acids and decreased colonic mucosal PGE2 concentrations following healthy dietary pattern interventions

10.1101/2021.10.11.21264748 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Samara Rifkin ◽

Ananda Sen ◽

Danielle Kim Turgeon ◽

Rena Chan ◽

Mack Ruffin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Fatty Acids ◽

Dietary Intake ◽

Barrier Function ◽

Dietary Intervention ◽

Metabolic Diseases ◽

Rrna Gene ◽

Gut Barrier ◽

Pufa Ratio ◽

Gut Barrier Function ◽

Increased Risk

Both increased dietary intake of ω-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids (PUFA) and subsequent increases in colonic mucosal ω-3 PUFA concentrations have been linked to improved gut barrier function and decreased risks of metabolic diseases and cancer. In addition, increased dietary ω-3 PUFA has been linked to eubiosis in mouse studies. Increased ω-3 PUFA function in part to reduce cyclooxygenase-(COX) mediated prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) production, a biomarker of cancer risk linked to compromised gut barrier function. We analyzed data from a dietary intervention study in individuals at increased risk of colon cancer to determine whether changes in the mucosal microbiome composition were associated with changes in colonic mucosal ω-3/ ω-6 PUFA ratio. Microbiome analyses of colonic biopsies before and after the dietary intervention from 86 participants were done by sequencing the V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene. Multivariable linear regression models were used to evaluate further whether changes in Akkermansia was associated with changes in each colonic tissue variable: ω-3/ω-6 PUFA ratios, PGE2 concentrations, and expression of COX-1 and COX-2. The median dietary intake and mucosal ω-3/ω-6 PUFA ratio increased after intervention. Greater increases in mucosal ω-3/ω-6 PUFA ratios after intervention were significantly associated with several changes in taxon abundance, including increased Akkermansia muciniphilia relative abundance. An increased abundance of Akkermansia muciniphilia also was associated significantly with decreased PGE2 concentrations but not with changes in COX expression. Further studies are warranted to elucidate mechanisms by which Akkermansia may affect or is affected by these pathways and the relative importance of individual dietary components.

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