An EBC/Plasma miRNA Signature Discriminates Lung Adenocarcinomas From Pleural Mesothelioma and Healthy Controls

BackgroundDespite significant improvement in screening programs for cancers of the respiratory district, especially in at-risk subjects, early disease detection is still a major issue. In this scenario, new molecular and non-invasive biomarkers are needed to improve early disease diagnosis.MethodsWe profiled the miRNome in exhaled breath condensate (EBC) and plasma samples from fourteen patients affected by lung AdCa, nine healthy subjects. miRNA signatures were then analyzed in another neoplasia of the respiratory district, i.e. pleural mesothelioma (n = 23) and subjects previously exposed to asbestos were used as controls for this cohort (n = 19). Selected miRNAs were analyzed in purified pulmonary neoplastic or normal epithelial and stromal cell subpopulation from AdCa patients. Finally, the plasmatic miRNA signature was analyzed in a publicly available cohort of NSCLC patients for data validation and in silico analysis was performed with predicted miRNA targets using the multiMiR tool and STRING database.ResultsmiR-597-5p and miR-1260a are significantly over-expressed in EBC from lung AdCa and are associated with AdCa. Similarly, miR-1260a is also up-regulated in the plasma of AdCa patients together with miR-518f-3p and correlates with presence of lung cancer, whereas let-7f-5p is under-expressed. Analysis of these circulating miRNAs in pleural mesothelioma cases confirmed that up-regulation of miR-518f-3p, -597-5p and -1260a, is specific for lung AdCa. Lastly, quantification of the miRNAs in laser-assisted microdissected lung tissues revealed that miR-518f-3p, 597-5p and miR-1260a are predominantly expressed in tumor epithelial cells. Validation analysis confirmed miR-518f-3p as a possible circulating biomarker of NSCLC. In silico analysis of the potentially modulated biological processes by these three miRNAs, shows that tumor bioenergetics are the most affected pathways.ConclusionsOverall, our data suggest a 3-miRNAs signature as a non-invasive and accurate biomarker of lung AdCa. This approach could supplement the current screening approaches for early lung cancer diagnosis.

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Virus induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and protein biomarkers

Pakistan BioMedical Journal ◽

10.52229/pbmj.v4i2.72 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Hamza Abbas Jaffari ◽

Sumaira Mazhar

Keyword(s):

Hepatocellular Carcinoma ◽

Early Stage ◽

Imaging Techniques ◽

Disease Diagnosis ◽

Protein Biomarkers ◽

Early Disease ◽

Detection Systems ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Viral Hepatitis B ◽

Current Article

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is a standout amongst the most widely recognized cancers around the world, and just as the alcoholic liver disease it is also progressed by extreme viral hepatitis B or C. At the early stage of the disease, numerous patients are asymptomatic consequently late diagnosis of HCC occurs resulting in expensive surgical resection or transplantation. On the basis of the alpha fetoprotein (AFP) estimation, combined with the ultrasound and other sensitive imaging techniques used, the non-invasive detection systems are available. For early disease diagnosis and its use in the effective treatment of HCC patients, the identification of HCC biomarkers has provided a breakthrough utilizing the molecular genetics and proteomics. In the current article, most recent reports on the protein biomarkers of HBV or HCV-related HCC and their co-evolutionary association with liver cancer are reviewed.

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235: Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy (1H MRS) of Sputum and Exhaled Breath Condensate: A Non-Invasive Tool for Lung Cancer Screening

Radiotherapy and Oncology ◽

10.1016/s0167-8140(16)33634-9 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 120 ◽

pp. S85-S86

Author(s):

Reem Alomran ◽

Naseer Ahmed ◽

Tedros Bezabeh ◽

Renelle Myers ◽

Omkar Ijare ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Proton Magnetic Resonance ◽

Proton Magnetic Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Exhaled Breath Condensate ◽

Lung Cancer Screening ◽

Resonance Spectroscopy ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

1H Mrs ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Breath Condensate

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A novel technology to integrate imaging and clinical markers for non-invasive diagnosis of lung cancer

Scientific Reports ◽

10.1038/s41598-021-83907-5 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Ahmed Shaffie ◽

Ahmed Soliman ◽

Xiao-An Fu ◽

Michael Nantz ◽

Guruprasad Giridharan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Small Sample Size ◽

Pulmonary Nodules ◽

Small Sample ◽

Appearance Model ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Clinical Markers ◽

Imaging Data ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Diagnosis Of Lung Cancer

AbstractThis study presents a non-invasive, automated, clinical diagnostic system for early diagnosis of lung cancer that integrates imaging data from a single computed tomography scan and breath bio-markers obtained from a single exhaled breath to quickly and accurately classify lung nodules. CT imaging and breath volatile organic compounds data were collected from 47 patients. Spherical Harmonics-based shape features to quantify the shape complexity of the pulmonary nodules, 7th-Order Markov Gibbs Random Field based appearance model to describe the spatial non-homogeneities in the pulmonary nodule, and volumetric features (size) of pulmonary nodules were calculated from CT images. 27 VOCs in exhaled breath were captured by a micro-reactor approach and quantied using mass spectrometry. CT and breath markers were input into a deep-learning autoencoder classifier with a leave-one-subject-out cross validation for nodule classification. To mitigate the limitation of a small sample size and validate the methodology for individual markers, retrospective CT scans from 467 patients with 727 pulmonary nodules, and breath samples from 504 patients were analyzed. The CAD system achieved 97.8% accuracy, 97.3% sensitivity, 100% specificity, and 99.1% area under curve in classifying pulmonary nodules.

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An Electrokinetically-Driven Microchip for Rapid Entrapment and Detection of Nanovesicles

Micromachines ◽

10.3390/mi12010011 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

pp. 11

Author(s):

Leilei Shi ◽

Leyla Esfandiari

Keyword(s):

Electrical Impedance ◽

Disease Diagnosis ◽

Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy ◽

Label Free ◽

Early Disease ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Diagnosis And Prognosis ◽

Rapid Characterization ◽

Impedance Sensor

Electrical Impedance Spectroscopy (EIS) has been widely used as a label-free and rapid characterization method for the analysis of cells in clinical research. However, the related work on exosomes (40–150 nm) and the particles of similar size has not yet been reported. In this study, we developed a new Lab-on-a-Chip (LOC) device to rapidly entrap a cluster of sub-micron particles, including polystyrene beads, liposomes, and small extracellular vesicles (exosomes), utilizing an insulator-based dielectrophoresis (iDEP) scheme followed by measuring their impedance utilizing an integrated electrical impedance sensor. This technique provides a label-free, fast, and non-invasive tool for the detection of bionanoparticles based on their unique dielectric properties. In the future, this device could potentially be applied to the characterization of pathogenic exosomes and viruses of similar size, and thus, be evolved as a powerful tool for early disease diagnosis and prognosis.

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LUNG CANCER DIAGNOSIS: NON-INVASIVE AND INVASIVE METHODS

Problems in oncology ◽

10.37469/0507-3758-2020-66-1-42-49 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 66 (1) ◽

pp. 42-49

Author(s):

Andrey Arsenev ◽

Sergey Novikov ◽

Aleksey Barchuk ◽

Sergey Kanaev ◽

Anton Barchuk ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Minimally Invasive ◽

Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Diagnostic Techniques ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Lung Cancer Diagnosis ◽

Wide Range ◽

Sensitivity Specificity

This article reviews the literature and summarizes single institution experience of applying different diagnostic algorithms for lung cancer. All diagnostic methods can be divided into three groups: non-invasive; minimally invasive and invasive. The non-invasive methods include clinical examination; imaging methods for anatomical, functional and multimodal visualization; sputum cytological, analysis of the exhaled breath, detection of various blood and sputum markers. Minimally invasive methods include endoscopy, percutaneous fine-needle and core-needle biopsy. Invasive methods include diagnostic thoracoscopy and laparoscopy, mediastinoscopy, parasternal mediastinotomy and diagnostic thoracotomy. While creating an individual diagnostic plan for each patient it is necessary to carefully analyze the effectiveness, safety, sensitivity, specificity and of different methods available among wide range of modern diagnostic techniques. Optimization of lung cancer diagnosis methods, which includes early cancer detection, is one of priority areas of modern oncology. Many aspects of this problem remain unresolved and require further research

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Exhaled Breath: Novel Non-Invasive Detection Of Biological Molecular Targets Of Lung Cancer

10.1164/ajrccm-conference.2012.185.1_meetingabstracts.a2674 ◽

2012 ◽

Author(s):

Wei Le ◽

Heather Wakelee ◽

Mueen Ghani ◽

Daya Upadhyay

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Molecular Targets ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Non Invasive

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Non-invasive depth determination of inclusion in biological tissues using spatially offset Raman spectroscopy with external calibration

The Analyst ◽

10.1039/d0an01292k ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 145 (23) ◽

pp. 7623-7629 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sara Mosca ◽

Priyanka Dey ◽

Marzieh Salimi ◽

Francesca Palombo ◽

Nick Stone ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Raman Spectroscopy ◽

Biological Tissues ◽

Disease Diagnosis ◽

Early Disease ◽

External Calibration ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Depth Determination

Spatially Offset Raman Spectroscopy (SORS) allows chemical characterisation of biological tissues at depths enabling in vivo localization of biomarkers for early disease diagnosis.

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Volatile Organic Compounds in Exhaled Breath as Fingerprints of Lung Cancer, Asthma and COPD

Journal of Clinical Medicine ◽

10.3390/jcm10010032 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (1) ◽

pp. 32

Author(s):

Ileana Andreea Ratiu ◽

Tomasz Ligor ◽

Victor Bocos-Bintintan ◽

Chris A Mayhew ◽

Bogusław Buszewski

Keyword(s):

Lung Cancer ◽

Volatile Organic Compounds ◽

Lung Disease ◽

Organic Compounds ◽

Diagnostic Methods ◽

Exhaled Breath ◽

Biological Origin ◽

Analytical Instruments ◽

Non Invasive ◽

Volatile Organic

Lung cancer, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) and asthma are inflammatory diseases that have risen worldwide, posing a major public health issue, encompassing not only physical and psychological morbidity and mortality, but also incurring significant societal costs. The leading cause of death worldwide by cancer is that of the lung, which, in large part, is a result of the disease often not being detected until a late stage. Although COPD and asthma are conditions with considerably lower mortality, they are extremely distressful to people and involve high healthcare overheads. Moreover, for these diseases, diagnostic methods are not only costly but are also invasive, thereby adding to people’s stress. It has been appreciated for many decades that the analysis of trace volatile organic compounds (VOCs) in exhaled breath could potentially provide cheaper, rapid, and non-invasive screening procedures to diagnose and monitor the above diseases of the lung. However, after decades of research associated with breath biomarker discovery, no breath VOC tests are clinically available. Reasons for this include the little consensus as to which breath volatiles (or pattern of volatiles) can be used to discriminate people with lung diseases, and our limited understanding of the biological origin of the identified VOCs. Lung disease diagnosis using breath VOCs is challenging. Nevertheless, the numerous studies of breath volatiles and lung disease provide guidance as to what volatiles need further investigation for use in differential diagnosis, highlight the urgent need for non-invasive clinical breath tests, illustrate the way forward for future studies, and provide significant guidance to achieve the goal of developing non-invasive diagnostic tests for lung disease. This review provides an overview of these issues from evaluating key studies that have been undertaken in the years 2010–2019, in order to present objective and comprehensive updated information that presents the progress that has been made in this field. The potential of this approach is highlighted, while strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats are discussed. This review will be of interest to chemists, biologists, medical doctors and researchers involved in the development of analytical instruments for breath diagnosis.

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