scholarly journals Incidence of Skin Cancer in Patients With Chronic Inflammatory Cutaneous Diseases on Targeted Therapies: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Observational Studies

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salvatore Crisafulli ◽  
Lucrezia Bertino ◽  
Andrea Fontana ◽  
Fabrizio Calapai ◽  
Ylenia Ingrasciotta ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Observational Studies ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Organ Systems ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
Inflammatory State ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Melanoma Skin

Cancer is one of the several comorbidities that have been linked with chronic cutaneous inflammatory diseases namely psoriasis/psoriatic arthritis and hidradenitis suppurativa. Although the chronic inflammatory state, typical of the diseases, may induce pro-tumorigenic effects, the debate whether or not the drugs currently used in clinical practice do in facts increase a patient’s risk of malignancy remains largely unsolved. The therapeutic armamentarium has been greatly enhanced at least in the last two decades with the advent of biologics, a heterogeneous group of laboratory-engineered agents with more in the pipeline, and other targeted small molecules. Among the organ systems, skin results as one of the most commonly affected, non-melanoma skin cancers being the main drug-induced manifestations as side effect in course of these treatments. The objective of the study is to systematically review the cutaneous malignancy risk of the newer therapies through an overview of meta-analyses and observational studies on the topic.

Genetic parkinsonisms and cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 0 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Sturchio ◽  
Alok K. Dwivedi ◽  
Joaquin A. Vizcarra ◽  
Martina Chirra ◽  
Elizabeth G. Keeling ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Head And Neck ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Head And Neck Cancers ◽  
Breast Cancers ◽  
Asymptomatic Carriers ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Prostate Cancers ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Genetic Contributions ◽  
Nonmelanoma Skin Cancers

AbstractGenes associated with parkinsonism may also be implicated in carcinogenesis, but their interplay remains unclear. We systematically reviewed studies (PubMed 1967–2019) reporting gene variants associated with both parkinsonism and cancer. Somatic variants were examined in cancer samples, whereas germline variants were examined in cancer patients with both symptomatic and asymptomatic (carriers) genetic parkinsonisms. Pooled proportions were calculated with random-effects meta-analyses. Out of 9,967 eligible articles, 60 were included. Of the 28 genetic variants associated with parkinsonism, six were also associated with cancer. In cancer samples, SNCA was predominantly associated with gastrointestinal cancers, UCHL1 with breast cancer, and PRKN with head-and-neck cancers. In asymptomatic carriers, LRRK2 was predominantly associated with gastrointestinal and prostate cancers, PRKN with prostate and genitourinary tract cancers, GBA with sarcoma, and 22q11.2 deletion with leukemia. In symptomatic genetic parkinsonism, LRRK2 was associated with nonmelanoma skin cancers and breast cancers, and PRKN with head-and-neck cancers. Cancer was more often manifested in genetic parkinsonisms compared to asymptomatic carriers. These results suggest that intraindividual genetic contributions may modify the co-occurrence of cancer and neurodegeneration.

scholarly journals The toxic effects of chloroquine and hydroxychloroquine on skeletal muscle: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudia Cristina Biguetti ◽  
Joel Ferreira Santiago Junior ◽  
Matthew William Fiedler ◽  
Mauro Toledo Marrelli ◽  
Marco Brotto
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Quantitative Analysis ◽  
Qualitative Analysis ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Skeletal Muscles ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Toxic Effects ◽  
Drug Induced ◽  
Qualitative And Quantitative

AbstractThe aim of this systematic review was to perform qualitative and quantitative analysis on the toxic effects of chloroquine (CQ) and hydroxychloroquine (HCQ) on skeletal muscles. We designed the study according to PRISMA guidelines. Studies for qualitative and quantitative analyses were selected according to the following inclusion criteria: English language; size of sample (> 5 patients), adult (> age of 18) patients, treated with CQ/HCQ for inflammatory diseases, and presenting and not presenting with toxic effects on skeletal muscles. We collected data published from 1990 to April 2020 using PubMed, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, and SciELO. Risk of bias for observational studies was assessed regarding the ROBIN-I scale. Studies with less than five patients (case reports) were selected for an additional qualitative analysis. We used the software Comprehensive Meta-Analysis at the confidence level of 0.05. We identified 23 studies for qualitative analysis (17 case-reports), and five studies were eligible for quantitative analysis. From case reports, 21 patients presented muscle weakness and confirmatory biopsy for CQ/HCQ induced myopathy. From observational studies, 37 patients out of 1,367 patients from five studies presented muscle weakness related to the use of CQ/HCQ, and 252 patients presented elevated levels of muscle enzymes (aldolase, creatine phosphokinase, and lactate dehydrogenase). Four studies presented data on 34 patients with confirmatory biopsy for drug-induced myopathy. No study presented randomized samples. The chronic use of CQ/HCQ may be a risk for drug-induced myopathy. There is substantiated need for proper randomized trials and controlled prospective studies needed to assess the clinical and subclinical stages of CQ/HCQ -induced muscle myopathy.

Arthrodesis of First Metatarsophalangeal Joint by Plate and Screws for Treatment of Hallux Rigidus (Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis)

QJM ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 114 (Supplement_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Ossama Abdelraoof El Shazly ◽  
Mohamed Mokhtar Abdellah ◽  
Mostafa Abdelnabee Abouzaid
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Plate Fixation ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Hallux Rigidus ◽  
Superficial Infection ◽  
First Metatarsophalangeal Joint ◽  
Non Union ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract Background With continued loss of dorsiflexion of the 1st MTP, degenerative changes occur within the joint with severe restriction of movement and increase in pain, which leads to the condition known as hallux rigidus. The amount of dorsiflexion may be reduced to 0-10 degrees with pain on both active and passive motion. Objectives Systematically reviewing available evidence from published articles to assess the effectiveness of arthrodesis of first metatarsophalangeal joint by plate and screws in hallux rigidus. The assessment also would encompass safety, side effects, and complications of this mode of treatment. Materials and Methods We performed this systematic review and meta-analysis in accordance to the recommendations of the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) statement and Meta-analysis Of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (MOOSE) statement. PRISMA and MOOSE are reporting checklists for Authors, Editors, and Reviewers of Meta-analyses of interventional and observational studies. According to International committee of medical journal association (ICJME), reviewers must report their findings according to each of the items listed in those checklists. Results Previous results for arthrodesis have been favourable with a union rate of almost 96%. In the present systematic review and meta-analysis, the overall effect estimates showed that the union rates after plate and screw arthrodesis for 1st MTPJ was 96.2% (95% CI 94 – 98.4%). In addition, the overall effect estimates showed that the non-union rates after plate and screw arthrodesis for 1st MTPJ was 4.2% (95% CI 2.4 – 6.1%). Moreover, the overall effect estimates showed that the satisfaction rates after plate and screw arthrodesis for 1st MTPJ was 94.5% (95% CI 90 – 99%). In the present study, the overall effect estimates showed that the overall complications rate after plate and screw arthrodesis for 1st MTPJ was 7.2% (95% CI 2.5 – 12%). The overall effect estimates showed that the malunion rates after plate and screw arthrodesis for 1st MTPJ was 2.7% (95% CI 0 – 6.4%). Additionally, the overall effect estimates showed that the hardware removal and superficial infection rates after plate and screw arthrodesis for 1st MTPJ were 2% and 2.9%, respectively. Conclusion Our analysis showed that plate and screws fixation is effective techniques that can be used for first MTPJ arthrodesis in patients with hallux rigidus. We found that the screw and plate fixation has a significantly lower rate of nonunion compared with the screw alone, as reported by the literature. However, owing to the small group sizes and methodologic shortcomings, we were unable to identify the clinically superior fixation technique for first MTPJ arthrodesis arthrodesis.

scholarly journals Risk of malignancies in patients with spondyloarthritis treated with biologics compared with those treated with non-biologics: a systematic review and meta-analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
pp. 1759720X2092569
Author(s):  
Yu Heng Kwan ◽  
Ka Keat Lim ◽  
Warren Fong ◽  
Hendra Goh ◽  
Linkai Ng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Risk Of Bias ◽  
Cochrane Library ◽  
Interleukin 17 ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Risk Of Malignancy ◽  
Meta Analyses ◽  
Analytical Approaches

Background: The aim of our study was to synthesize evidence on the occurrence of malignancy in spondyloarthritis (SpA), from randomized controlled trials (RCTs) comparing biologics with non-biologics and biologics to each other. Methods: We systematically searched Medline, Cochrane Library, EMBASE, Scopus and ClinicalTrials.gov from inception until 31 October 2018. RCTs with ⩾24-week follow-up were included. We extracted data using standardized forms and assessed the risk of bias using the Cochrane Risk of Bias Tool. We performed pair-wise meta-analyses and network meta-analyses to compare the risk of malignancy for each biologics class and SpA type. We reported the Peto odds ratio (OR) of any malignancy along with 95% confidence intervals (95% CI). Bayesian posterior probabilities comparing risk of malignancy of each biologic class with non-biologics were computed as supplementary measures. Results: Fifty-four trials were included; most (44/54) had follow-up <1 year. Among 14,245 patients, 63 developed a malignancy. While most Peto ORs were >1, they had wide 95% CI and p >0.05. The overall Peto OR comparing biologics with non-biologics was 1.42 (95% CI 0.80–2.53). Only interleukin-17 inhibitors in peripheral SpA had p <0.05 (Peto OR 2.77, 95% CI 1.07–7.13); the posterior probability that the risk was higher than non-biologics was 98%. Stratified analyses revealed no consistent trend by prior exposure to biologics, duration of follow-up, study quality, study-arm crossover, analytical approaches and type of malignancy. Conclusions: Our findings indicate no overall elevated risk of malignancy with biologics in SpA. As our meta-analyses are unable to conclude on the long-term risk, long-term pharmacovigilance of biologics in SpA may still be warranted.

scholarly journals Association between Sarcopenia and Renal Function in Patients with Diabetes: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Satoshi Ida ◽  
Ryutaro Kaneko ◽  
Kanako Imataka ◽  
Kazuya Murata
Keyword(s):  
Renal Function ◽  
Protein Level ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Urinary Albumin ◽  
Urinary Protein ◽  
Urinary Protein Level ◽  
Patients With Diabetes ◽  
Meta Analyses

Previous studies involving patients with diabetes have indicated that sarcopenia is related to renal function. The objective of the present study was to investigate the association between sarcopenia and urinary albumin level, urinary protein level, and estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) in patients with diabetes. A meta-analysis of observational studies was conducted. A literature search was performed using MEDLINE, Cochrane Controlled Trials Registry, and ClinicalTrials.gov. Data were extracted from studies investigating the association between sarcopenia and urinary albumin level, urinary protein level, and eGFR and by calculating odds ratio (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (CIs). Statistical analysis was performed using a random-effects model to calculate pooled OR and 95% CI. Six studies (2662 patients) that met the criteria were included in the meta-analysis. Sarcopenia was significantly associated with urinary albumin level with a pooled OR of 2.11 (95% CI, 1.55–2.88; P<0.001). The pooled ORs of the associations between sarcopenia and urinary protein level and decreased eGFR were 1.82 (95% CI, 1.13–2.92; P=0.01) and 3.75 (95% CI, 1.24–11.41), respectively. Sarcopenia was significantly associated with urinary albumin level, urinary protein level, and decreased eGFR. However, further investigations are needed, including meta-analyses with a larger number of studies.

Dietary saturated fat and heart disease: a narrative review

2019 ◽  
Vol 78 (6) ◽  
pp. 474-485 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffery L Heileson
Keyword(s):  
Heart Disease ◽  
Randomized Controlled Trials ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Saturated Fat ◽  
Heart Association ◽  
Controlled Trials ◽  
Randomized Controlled ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Meta Analyses

Abstract The American Heart Association (AHA) recently published a meta-analysis that confirmed their 60-year-old recommendation to limit saturated fat (SFA, saturated fatty acid) and replace it with polyunsaturated fat to reduce the risk of heart disease based on the strength of 4 Core Trials. To assess the evidence for this recommendation, meta-analyses on the effect of SFA consumption on heart disease outcomes were reviewed. Nineteen meta-analyses addressing this topic were identified: 9 observational studies and 10 randomized controlled trials. Meta-analyses of observational studies found no association between SFA intake and heart disease, while meta-analyses of randomized controlled trials were inconsistent but tended to show a lack of an association. The inconsistency seems to have been mediated by the differing clinical trials included. For example, the AHA meta-analysis only included 4 trials (the Core Trials), and those trials contained design and methodological flaws and did not meet all the predefined inclusion criteria. The AHA stance regarding the strength of the evidence for the recommendation to limit SFAs for heart disease prevention may be overstated and in need of reevaluation.

scholarly journals E-Cigarette Use and Adult Cigarette Smoking Cessation: A Meta-Analysis

2020 ◽  
pp. e1-e17
Author(s):  
Richard J. Wang ◽  
Sudhamayi Bhadriraju ◽  
Stanton A. Glantz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Smoking Cessation ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Randomized Clinical Trials ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Consumer Products ◽  
Cigarette Use ◽  
Quit Smoking ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objectives. To determine the association between e-cigarette use and smoking cessation. Methods. We searched PubMed, Web of Science Core Collection, and EMBASE and computed the association of e-cigarette use with quitting cigarettes using random effects meta-analyses. Results. We identified 64 papers (55 observational studies and 9 randomized clinical trials [RCTs]). In observational studies of all adult smokers (odds ratio [OR] = 0.947; 95% confidence interval [CI] = 0.772, 1.160) and smokers motivated to quit smoking (OR = 0.851; 95% CI = 0.684, 1.057), e-cigarette consumer product use was not associated with quitting. Daily e-cigarette use was associated with more quitting (OR = 1.529; 95% CI = 1.158, 2.019) and less-than-daily use was associated with less quitting (OR = 0.514; 95% CI = 0.402, 0.665). The RCTs that compared quitting among smokers who were provided e-cigarettes to smokers with conventional therapy found e-cigarette use was associated with more quitting (relative risk = 1.555; 95% CI = 1.173, 2.061). Conclusions. As consumer products, in observational studies, e-cigarettes were not associated with increased smoking cessation in the adult population. In RCTs, provision of free e-cigarettes as a therapeutic intervention was associated with increased smoking cessation. Public Health Implications. E-cigarettes should not be approved as consumer products but may warrant consideration as a prescription therapy. (Am J Public Health. Published online ahead of print December 22, 2020: e1–e17. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2020.305999 )

scholarly journals PSORIASIS AND CANCER: A SYSTEMIC REVIEW

2021 ◽  
pp. 42-44
Author(s):  
Fiallos Castro María Belén ◽  
Armijos Romero Noella Lisbeth ◽  
Rodríguez Lema Andrea Carolina ◽  
Araujo Saa Alvaro Paul ◽  
Rivera García Soraya Maricela
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Risk ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Systemic Review ◽  
Ultraviolet A ◽  
Skin Cancers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Large Heterogeneity ◽  
Risk Of Cancer ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Melanoma Skin

The relationship between psoriasis and increased cancer risk is debated.The aim of this study was to evaluate if there is an increase in the background risk of cancer in psoriasis patients compared with the general population.There was a large heterogeneity in studies assessing cancer risk in psoriasis preventing from including all studies in meta-analysis. This systematic literature review shows a small increased risk of some solid cancers in psoriasis,especially those linked to alcohol drinking and cigarette smoking. A higher risk of non-melanoma skin cancers, especially squamous cell carcinoma, is shown, mainly due to previous exposure to 8-methoxypsoralen-ultraviolet-A (PUVA), ciclosporin and possibly methotrexate

scholarly journals Assessing the Association between the Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase (MTHFR) 677C->T Polymorphism on Blood Folate Concentrations: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis of Trials and Observational Studies

2015 ◽  
pp. 650-651
Author(s):  
Becky Tsang ◽  
Amy Cordero ◽  
Claire Marchetta ◽  
Joseph Mulinare ◽  
Patricia Mersereau ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
Protein Binding ◽  
Observational Studies ◽  
Methylenetetrahydrofolate Reductase ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Mthfr C677t ◽  
Review Of Literature ◽  
Binding Assays ◽  
Lower Blood ◽  
Meta Analyses

Objectives: The methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) 677C->T polymorphism is a risk factor for neural tube birth defects (NTDs). The T allele produces an enzyme with reduced folate processing capacity, which has been shown to produce lower blood folate concentrations in some studies. Our objective was to assess the association between MTHFR C677T genotypes (CC, CT, TT) and blood folate concentrations among women aged 12-49 years. Methods: We conducted a systematic review of literature published between 1/1992-7/2013 to identify controlled trials and observational studies that reported serum, plasma, or red blood cell (RBC) folate concentrations and MTHFR C677T genotype. We applied a Bayesian random-effects model to predict differences in blood folate concentrations between MTHFR C677T genotypes, stratified by folate assay. Results: Thirty-eight studies met criteria for inclusion. Serum/plasma folate concentrations showed a consistent genotype trend with the highest concentrations for CC (CC > CT > TT) regardless of assay type. RBC folate concentrations measured by microbiologic assay also demonstrated this trend; however, this trend was reversed (CC < CT < TT) in studies using protein-binding assays. Conclusions: Meta-analyses results showed blood folate concentrations differed by assay type and genotype. Previous evidence has shown that RBC folate concentrations measured with a radioimmunoassay requires adjustment for genotype-dependent folate recovery; our results suggest that other protein-binding assays could have similar limitations. Compared to CC individuals, TT individuals have lower blood folate concentrations, which may increase a woman's risk for an NTD-affected pregnancy.

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