scholarly journals Cerebral Structural Abnormalities and Their Associations With Peripheral Cytokine Levels in a Group of Untreated Patients With Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yan Wang ◽  
Wenjing Zhang ◽  
Xin Wu ◽  
Xinmei Luo ◽  
Siyi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Carcinoma ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Superior Parietal Lobule ◽  
Brain Changes ◽  
Parietal Lobule ◽  
The Right

The current study is to characterize the alterations of peripheral cytokines and anatomical brain changes, and their relationships in untreated nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) patients with depressive symptoms. Twenty-nine newly diagnosed NPC patients without any treatment and 46 matched healthy comparisons were recruited, scanned with high-resolution T1 images and assessed psychologically using Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD). Serum levels of interleukin-1 beta (IL-1β), IL-2, IL-6, IL-8, IL-10, interferon-gamma (IFN-γ) and transforming growth factor-beta (TGF-β) were measured by quantitative chemiluminescence assay. Inter-group comparisons of anatomical brain measures were performed, and regions with significant inter-group differences were correlated to HAMD scores and cytokines in NPC patients. A subgroup analysis especially within NPC patients with depression was conducted to precisely characterize the associations among serum cytokines, brain changes and depressive symptoms. Relative to healthy subjects, NPC patients showed significantly decreased cortical thickness in the left parahippocampal gyrus, increased surface area in the right superior parietal lobule and precentral gyrus, and increased gray matter volume in the right postcentral gyrus, bilateral caudate nucleus and right thalamus, as well as significantly elevated IL-1β, IL-2 and IL-10. The elevated IL-2 and IL-10 were negatively correlated with surface area in right superior parietal lobule, whilst IL-1β level was positively correlated to HAMD scores. In patients with depression, specific brain changes and evaluated IL-1β were identified, and the IL-1β interacted with right precentral gyrus to significantly affect the depressive symptoms. Our findings provide novel evidence indicating potential effects of inflammation on brain structure and behavior in NPC patients.

scholarly journals Depressive Symptoms in Multiple Sclerosis from an In Vivo Study with TBSS

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yujuan Shen ◽  
Lijun Bai ◽  
Ying Gao ◽  
Fangyuan Cui ◽  
Zhongjian Tan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Multiple Sclerosis ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Single Shot ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Positive Relation ◽  
Planar Imaging ◽  
The Right

Clinically significant depression can impact up to 50% of patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) over a course of their life time, which is associated with an increased morbidity and mortality. In our study, fifteen relapsing-remitting MS (RRMS) patients and 15 age- and gender-matched normal controls were included. Diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) was acquired by employing a single-shot echo planar imaging sequence on a 3.0 T MR scanner and fractional anisotropy (FA) was performed with tract-based spatial statistics (TBSS) approach. Finally, widespread WM and GM abnormalities were observed in RRMS patients. Moreover, the relationships between the depressive symptoms which can be measured by Hamilton depression rating scale (HAMD) as well as clinical disabilities measured by the expanded disability status scale (EDSS) and FA changes were listed. There was a positive relation between EDSS and the FA changes in the right inferior parietal lobule, while negative relation was located in the left anterior cingulate cortex and hippocampus. Also a positive relation between HAMD and FA changes was found in the right posterior middle cingulate gyrus, the right hippocampus, the left hypothalamus, the right precentral gyrus, and the posterior cingulate which demonstrated a link between the depressive symptoms and clinically relevant brain areas in RRMS patients.

Behavioral deficits in left hemispatial neglect are related to a reduction of spontaneous neuronal activity in the right superior parietal lobule

2020 ◽  
Vol 138 ◽  
pp. 107356
Author(s):  
Björn Machner ◽  
Janina von der Gablentz ◽  
Martin Göttlich ◽  
Wolfgang Heide ◽  
Christoph Helmchen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Neuronal Activity ◽  
Hemispatial Neglect ◽  
Superior Parietal Lobule ◽  
Behavioral Deficits ◽  
Spontaneous Neuronal Activity ◽  
Parietal Lobule ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals GLIOTIC CYST OF THE RIGHT SUPERIOR PARIETAL LOBULE

1907 ◽  
Vol 64 (2) ◽  
pp. 299-304-1
Author(s):  
A. N. Collins ◽  
E. E. Southard
Keyword(s):  
Superior Parietal Lobule ◽  
Parietal Lobule ◽  
The Right

scholarly journals Inflammatory agents partially explain changes in cortical thickness and surface area related to body mass index in adolescence

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. Prats-Soteras ◽  
M.A. Jurado ◽  
J. Ottino-González ◽  
I. García-García ◽  
B. Segura ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Body Mass Index ◽  
Surface Area ◽  
Body Mass ◽  
Cortical Thickness ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
Fusiform Gyrus ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Superior Frontal Gyrus ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
The Right

ABSTRACTBackground/ObjectivesExcessive body mass index (BMI) has been linked to a low-grade chronic inflammation state. Unhealthy BMI has also been related to neuroanatomical changes in adults. However, research in adolescents is relatively limited and has produced conflicting results. This study aims to address the relationship between BMI and adolescents’ brain structure as well as to test the role that inflammatory adipose-related agents might have over this putative link.MethodsWe studied structural MRI and serum levels of interleukin-6, tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-α), C-reactive protein and fibrinogen in 65 adolescents (aged 12-21 years). Relationships between BMI, cortical thickness and surface area were tested with a vertex-wise analysis. Subsequently, we used backward multiple linear regression models to explore the influence of inflammatory parameters in each brain-altered area.ResultsWe found a negative association between cortical thickness and BMI in the left lateral occipital cortex (LOC), the left fusiform gyrus and the right precentral gyrus as well as a positive relationship between surface area and BMI in the left rostral middle frontal gyrus and the right superior frontal gyrus. In addition, we found that higher fibrinogen serum concentrations were related to thinning within the left LOC (β = −0.45, p < 0.001) and the left fusiform gyrus (β = - 0.33, p = 0.035), while higher serum levels of TNF-α were associated to a greater surface area in the right superior frontal gyrus (β = 0.32, p = 0.045).ConclusionsThese results suggest that adolescents’ body mass increases are related with brain abnormalities in areas that could play a relevant role in some aspects of feeding behavior. Likewise, we have evidenced that these cortical changes were partially driven by inflammatory agents such as fibrinogen and TNF-α.

scholarly journals Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation of the Right Superior Parietal Lobule Modulates the Retro-Cue Benefit in Visual Short-Term Memory

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 252
Author(s):  
Fabiano Botta ◽  
Juan Lupiáñez ◽  
Valerio Santangelo ◽  
Elisa Martín-Arévalo
Keyword(s):  
Transcranial Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Magnetic Stimulation ◽  
Short Term Memory ◽  
Superior Parietal Lobule ◽  
Spatial Cues ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Term Memory ◽  
Visual Short Term Memory ◽  
Parietal Lobule ◽  
The Right

Several studies have shown enhanced performance in change detection tasks when spatial cues indicating the probe’s location are presented after the memory array has disappeared (i.e., retro-cues) compared with spatial cues that are presented simultaneously with the test array (i.e., post-cues). This retro-cue benefit led some authors to propose the existence of two different stores of visual short-term memory: a weak but high-capacity store (fragile memory (FM)) linked to the effect of retro-cues and a robust but low-capacity store (working memory (WM)) linked to the effect of post-cues. The former is thought to be an attention-free system, whereas the latter would strictly depend on selective attention. Nonetheless, this dissociation is under debate, and several authors do not consider retro-cues as a proxy to measure the existence of an independent memory system (e.g., FM). We approached this controversial issue by altering the attention-related functions in the right superior parietal lobule (SPL) by transcranial magnetic stimulation (TMS), whose effects were mediated by the integrity of the right superior longitudinal fasciculus (SLF). Specifically, we asked whether TMS on the SPL affected the performance of retro cues vs. post-cues to a similar extent. The results showed that TMS on the SPL, mediated by right SLF-III integrity, produced a modulation of the retro-cue benefit, namely a memory capacity decrease in the post-cues but not in the retro-cues. These findings have strong implications for the debate on the existence of independent stages of visual short-term memory and for the growing literature showing a key role of the SLF for explaining the variability of TMS effects across participants.

scholarly journals Changes in Brain Structure, Function, and Network Properties in Patients With First-Episode Schizophrenia Treated With Antipsychotics

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ping Yin ◽  
Chao Zhao ◽  
Yang Li ◽  
Xiaoyi Liu ◽  
Lei Chen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Structure Function ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Antipsychotic Treatment ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Inferior Parietal Lobule ◽  
Network Properties ◽  
Parietal Lobule ◽  
The Right ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Purpose: Comprehensive and longitudinal brain analysis is of great significance for understanding the pathological changes of antipsychotic drug treatment in patients with schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate the changes of structure, function, and network properties in patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) after antipsychotic therapy and their relationship with clinical symptoms.Materials and Methods: A total of 30 patients diagnosed with FES and 30 healthy subjects matched for sex and age were enrolled in our study. Patients at baseline were labeled as antipsychotic-naive first-episode schizophrenia (AN-FES), and patients after antipsychotic treatment were labeled as antipsychotic treatment first-episode schizophrenia (AT-FES). The severity of illness was measured by using the PANSS and CGI score. Structural and functional MRI data were also performed. Differences in GMV, ALFF, and ReHo between the FES group and healthy control group were tested using a voxel-wise two-sample t-test, and the comparison of AN-FES group and AT-FES group was evaluated by paired-sample t-test.Results: After the 1-year follow-up, the FES patients showed increased GMV in the right cerebellum, right inferior temporal gyrus, left middle frontal gyrus, parahippocampal gyrus, bilateral inferior parietal lobule, and reduced GMV in the left occipital lobe, gyrus rectus, right orbital frontal cortex. The patients also showed increased ALFF in the medial superior frontal gyrus and right precentral gyrus. For network properties, the patients showed reduced characteristic path length and increased global efficiency. The GMV of the right inferior parietal lobule was negatively correlated with the clinical symptoms.Conclusions: Our study showed that the antipsychotic treatment contributed to the structural alteration and functional improvement, and the GMV alteration may be associated with the improvement of clinical symptoms.

scholarly journals Altered Intrinsic Coupling between Functional Connectivity Density and Amplitude of Low-Frequency Fluctuation in Mild Cognitive Impairment with Depressive Symptoms

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaozheng Liu ◽  
Jiuzun Chen ◽  
Bangli Shen ◽  
Gang Wang ◽  
Jiapeng Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Mild Cognitive Impairment ◽  
Functional Connectivity ◽  
Low Frequency ◽  
Precentral Gyrus ◽  
Older Individuals ◽  
Functional Connectivity Density ◽  
The Right ◽  
Insight Into

Neuroimaging studies have demonstrated that major depressive disorder increases the risk of dementia in older individuals with mild cognitive impairment. We used resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging to explore the intrinsic coupling patterns between the amplitude and synchronisation of low-frequency brain fluctuations using the amplitude of low-frequency fluctuations (ALFF) and the functional connectivity density (FCD) in 16 patients who had mild cognitive impairment with depressive symptoms (D-MCI) (mean age: 69.6 ± 6.2 years) and 18 patients with nondepressed mild cognitive impairment (nD-MCI) (mean age: 72.1 ± 9.7 years). Coupling was quantified as the correlations between the ALFF values and their associated FCDs. The results showed that the ALFF values in the D-MCI group were higher in the left medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) and lower in the right precentral gyrus (preCG), and the FCD values were higher in the left medial temporal gyrus (MTG) than those in the nD-MCI group. Further, correlation analyses demonstrated that, in the D-MCI group, the mPFC was negatively correlated with the MTG. These findings may relate to the characteristics of mood disorders in patients with MCI, and they offer further insight into the neuropathophysiology of MCI with depressive symptoms.

The Role of the Right Superior Parietal Lobule in Processing Visual Context for the Establishment of the Egocentric Reference Frame

2014 ◽  
Vol 26 (10) ◽  
pp. 2201-2209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin D. Lester ◽  
Paul Dassonville
Keyword(s):  
Reference Frame ◽  
Visual Cues ◽  
Right Hemisphere ◽  
Superior Parietal Lobule ◽  
Spatial Cues ◽  
Tilt Illusion ◽  
Egocentric Reference Frame ◽  
Parietal Lobule ◽  
The Right ◽  
Rod And Frame

Visual cues contribute to the creation of an observer's egocentric reference frame, within which the locations and orientations of objects can be judged. However, these cues can also be misleading. In the rod-and-frame illusion, for example, a large tilted frame distorts the observer's sense of vertical, causing an enclosed rod to appear tilted in the opposite direction. To determine the brain region responsible for processing these spatial cues, we used TMS to suppress neural activity in the superior parietal lobule of healthy observers. Stimulation of the right hemisphere, but not the left, caused a significant reduction in rod-and-frame susceptibility. In contrast, a tilt illusion caused by a mechanism that does not involve a distortion of the observer's egocentric reference frame was unaffected. These results demonstrate that the right superior parietal lobule is actively involved in processing the contextual cues that contribute to our perception of egocentric space.

scholarly journals ML of Striatum rs-fMRI Features Predicts TLE Diagnosis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yanchun Jiang ◽  
Liluo Nie ◽  
yanbo zhang ◽  
huihua Liu ◽  
jinou Zheng
Keyword(s):  
Ventral Striatum ◽  
Clinical Decision Making ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
Middle Temporal Gyrus ◽  
Superior Parietal Lobule ◽  
Permutation Testing ◽  
Middle Temporal ◽  
Parietal Lobule ◽  
The Right ◽  
Prefrontal Lobe

Abstract Objective: To determine whether patients with temporal lobe epilepsy (TLE) exhibit aberrant resting-state functional magnetic resonance imaging (rs-fMRI)-functional connectivity and build an individualized TLE prediction model using ML (ML). Methods: Sixty TLE patients and fifty-one controls underwent rs-fMRI scanning. The striatum was divided into 12 striatal seeds. rs-FC was compared between groups to enable TLE classification based on striatal FC using the SPM12, SVM and PRONTO softwares. Bilateral striatal FC values were extracted and significance values were obtained using leave-one-out (LOO) SVM analysis and permutation testing (2,000) for cross-validation.Results: Patients with TLE exhibited a significantly decreased rs-FC between the left inferior ventral striatum and the right posterior central gyrus, left superior frontal gyrus;and between the left dorsal rostral putamen and right superior parietal lobule, right middle frontal gyrus. And between right dorsal caudate And left prefrontal lobe, and right middle temporal gyrus. rs-fMRI analysis a revealed significantly increased FC between the left inferior ventral striatum seed and right anterior cingulate in TLE patients (p<0.05). Right dorsal caudate FC may distinguish individuals with TLE from controls with 79.08% Accuracy, including a 72.77% Sensitivity and 76.44% Specificity, resulting in an AUC of 0.71 (p <0 .01). The areas informing classification included left prefrontal lobe, right middle temporal gyrus, and left superior parietal lobule.Conclusion: Our findings demonstrate aberrant FC in certain brain regions, such as the right dorsal caudate, may play an important role as potential biomarkers of TLE and highlight the utility of ML-based models for clinical decision making.

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