scholarly journals Case Report: Detection of SARS-CoV-2 From Cerebrospinal Fluid in a 34-Month-Old Child With Encephalitis

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Cheraghali ◽  
Alireza Tahamtan ◽  
Seyed Ahmad Hosseini ◽  
Mohammad Hadi Gharib ◽  
Abdolvahab Moradi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Novel coronavirus (severe acute respiratory syndrome-coronavirus-2: SARS-CoV-2), which arose from Wuhan, China, has rapidly spread to other countries and developed into a pandemic. Although the respiratory manifestations of SARS-CoV-2 are well-documented, there is a considerable challenge regarding the direct and/or indirect infection in other organs. Several preliminary reports confirmed neurological manifestations in the SARS-CoV-2-infected patients. Here, we report the detection of SARS-CoV-2 from the nasopharyngeal swab and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) in a 34-month-old child with encephalitis. This finding expands the spectrum of the neurological manifestations associated with SARS-CoV-2 infection.

scholarly journals SARS-CoV-2 Is Not Detected in the Cerebrospinal Fluid of Encephalopathic COVID-19 Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dimitris G. Placantonakis ◽  
Maria Aguero-Rosenfeld ◽  
Abdallah Flaifel ◽  
John Colavito ◽  
Kenneth Inglima ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Viral Entry ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Host Cells ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Neurologic Sequelae ◽  
Show Evidence ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Transmembrane Serine Protease

Neurologic manifestations of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection have received wide attention, but the mechanisms remain uncertain. Here, we describe computational data from public domain RNA-seq datasets and cerebrospinal fluid data from adult patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia that suggest that SARS-CoV-2 infection of the central nervous system is unlikely. We found that the mRNAs encoding the ACE2 receptor and the TMPRSS2 transmembrane serine protease, both of which are required for viral entry into host cells, are minimally expressed in the major cell types of the brain. In addition, CSF samples from 13 adult encephalopathic COVID-19 patients diagnosed with the viral infection via nasopharyngeal swab RT-PCR did not show evidence for the virus. This particular finding is robust for two reasons. First, the RT-PCR diagnostic was validated for CSF studies using stringent criteria; and second, 61% of these patients had CSF testing within 1 week of a positive nasopharyngeal diagnostic test. We propose that neurologic sequelae of COVID-19 are not due to SARS-CoV-2 meningoencephalitis and that other etiologies are more likely mechanisms.

scholarly journals Neurological symptoms, manifestations, and complications associated with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Biyan Nathanael Harapan ◽  
Hyeon Joo Yoo
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Case Reports ◽  
Case Series ◽  
Altered Mental Status ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Neurological Symptoms ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Fisher Syndrome ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
The Impact

AbstractSevere acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), a novel coronavirus, is responsible for the outbreak of coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) and was first identified in Wuhan, China in December 2019. It is evident that the COVID-19 pandemic has become a challenging world issue. Although most COVID-19 patients primarily develop respiratory symptoms, an increasing number of neurological symptoms and manifestations associated with COVID-19 have been observed. In this narrative review, we elaborate on proposed neurotropic mechanisms and various neurological symptoms, manifestations, and complications of COVID-19 reported in the present literature. For this purpose, a review of all current published literature (studies, case reports, case series, reviews, editorials, and other articles) was conducted and neurological sequelae of COVID-19 were summarized. Essential and common neurological symptoms including gustatory and olfactory dysfunctions, myalgia, headache, altered mental status, confusion, delirium, and dizziness are presented separately in sections. Moreover, neurological manifestations and complications that are of great concern such as stroke, cerebral (sinus) venous thrombosis, seizures, meningoencephalitis, Guillain–Barré syndrome, Miller Fisher syndrome, acute myelitis, and posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) are also addressed systematically. Future studies that examine the impact of neurological symptoms and manifestations on the course of the disease are needed to further clarify and assess the link between neurological complications and the clinical outcome of patients with COVID-19. To limit long-term consequences, it is crucial that healthcare professionals can early detect possible neurological symptoms and are well versed in the increasingly common neurological manifestations and complications of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Nonepileptic Myoclonus in COVID-19: Case Report

2021 ◽  
pp. 194187442110043
Author(s):  
Henly Hewan ◽  
Annie Yang ◽  
Aparna Vaddiparti ◽  
Benison Keung
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Recovery Phase ◽  
Critically Ill Patient ◽  
High Dose ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Neurological Manifestations ◽  
Immune Mediated ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Post Infectious

In late 2019, the novel coronavirus, SARS-CoV-2, and the disease it causes, COVID-19, was identified. Since then many different neurological manifestations of COVID-19 have been well reported. Movement abnormalities have been rarely described. We report here a critically ill patient with COVID-19 who developed generalized myoclonus during the recovery phase of the infection. Myoclonus was associated with cyclical fevers and decreased alertness. Movements were refractory to conventional anti-epileptic therapies. There was concern that myoclonus could be part of a post-infectious immune-mediated syndrome. The patient improved fully with a 4-day course of high-dose steroids. Our experience highlights a rare, generalized myoclonus syndrome associated with COVID-19 that may be immune-mediated and is responsive to treatment.

scholarly journals Use of lung ultrasound for diagnosis and monitoring of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia: A case report

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
pp. 2050313X2095891
Author(s):  
Debo Yun ◽  
Yan Cui ◽  
Yuan Geng ◽  
Yujiao Yang
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Early Diagnosis ◽  
Lung Ultrasound ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Ultrasound Images ◽  
Healthcare Settings ◽  
Pleural Line ◽  
Ultrasound Findings ◽  
Spread Of Infection

Knowledge of lung ultrasound characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia might be useful for early diagnosis and clinical monitoring of patients, and lung ultrasound can help to control the spread of infection in healthcare settings. In this case report, a 36-year-old man with severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection was diagnosed by reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction testing of a nasopharyngeal swab. The lung ultrasound findings for this patient were the interstitial-alveolar damage showing bilateral, diffuse pleural line abnormalities, subpleural consolidations, white lung areas and thick, irregular vertical artifacts. When the patient recovered from the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 infection, lung ultrasound images showed a normal pleural line with A-lines regularly reverberating. Performing lung ultrasound at the bedside minimizes the need to move the patient, thus reducing the risk of spreading infection among healthcare staff. Lung ultrasound is useful for early diagnosis and evaluation of the severity of coronavirus disease 2019 pneumonia and for monitoring its progress over the course of the disease.

scholarly journals Detectable Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) in Human Breast Milk of a Mildly Symptomatic Patient With Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick C K Tam ◽  
Kathleen M Ly ◽  
Max L Kernich ◽  
Nicola Spurrier ◽  
Diana Lawrence ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Breast Milk ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Human Milk ◽  
Symptomatic Patient ◽  
Clinical Samples ◽  
Human Breast Milk ◽  
Causative Pathogen ◽  
Human Breast ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Abstract SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus and causative pathogen to the pandemic illness COVID-19. Although RNA has been detected in various clinical samples, no reports to date have documented SARS-CoV-2 in human milk. This case report describes an actively breastfeeding patient with COVID-19 infection with detectable viral RNA in human milk.

scholarly journals Complete Genome Sequence of a 2019 Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Strain Causing a COVID-19 Case in Morocco

2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (27) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sanaâ Lemriss ◽  
Amal Souiri ◽  
Narjis Amar ◽  
Nabil Lemzaoui ◽  
Omar Mestoui ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome Sequence ◽  
Complete Genome ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Novel Coronavirus ◽  
Swab Specimen ◽  
Moroccan Patient

ABSTRACT Here, we report a complete genome sequence obtained for a novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) strain isolated from a nasopharyngeal swab specimen of a Moroccan patient with coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19).

scholarly journals COVID-19 and Tinnitus

2020 ◽  
pp. 014556132097484
Author(s):  
Pramod Chirakkal ◽  
Amira Nasser Al Hail ◽  
Nasfareen Zada ◽  
Deepak S. Vijayakumar
Keyword(s):  
Skeletal Muscle ◽  
Central Nervous System ◽  
Nervous System ◽  
Hearing Loss ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Social Isolation ◽  
Health Concerns ◽  
New Finding ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is an infectious respiratory disease caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, brings with it a plethora of health concerns. Although most people have mild symptoms, which are respiratory in nature, some experience neurological symptoms, central nervous system manifestations, peripheral nervous manifestations, and skeletal muscle manifestations. But the damaging impact of COVID-19 virus on the hearing organs in the inner ear is a new finding yet to be explored. Currently, there is little evidence published connecting novel coronavirus and tinnitus directly. But according to the American Tinnitus Association, preexisting behavioral conditions make it more likely for patients to experience tinnitus due to the stress and depression associated with social isolation and infection avoidance. Hearing loss and Tinnitus is a common pathology seen in otolaryngology and there are numerous papers in literature describing its associations with other infections. However, this is the first reported case of hearing loss and tinnitus in a COVID-19 patient, in the State of Qatar, and this case report strives to contribute to the ocean of literature highlighting the need for otorhinolaryngologists to be aware of its correlation with COVID-19 virus.

scholarly journals Hemisferic encephalic involviment associated with sars- cov-2

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Clara Carvalho Silva de Amorim ◽  
Karla Oliveira Couto ◽  
Pedro José da Silva Júnior ◽  
Thiago Gonçalves Fukuda ◽  
Pedro Antônio Pereira de Jesus ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Report ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Respiratory Disease ◽  
Critically Ill ◽  
Clinical Presentation ◽  
Neurological Complications ◽  
Metabolic Changes ◽  
The Novel ◽  
Immunological Reaction ◽  
Neurological Manifestations

Context: The novel severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARSCoV-2) emerged in Wuhan, China and rapidly spread worldwide. Although the predominant clinical presentation is with respiratory disease, neurological manifestations are being recognised increasingly. Case report: In this report, we demonstrate a case of hemispheric brain in volvement as a neurological manifestation of Sars-cov-2 in a 74-year-old patient admitted to Hospital Santa Izabel (HSI) between May and July 2020. Conclusion: In COVID-19, although the predominant clinical presentation is with respiratory disease, neurological complications have been reported. Severe neurological complications are either because of direct viral invasion, immunological reaction, or hypoxic metabolic changes. The patients with encephalitis are usually severely or critically ill.

scholarly journals Genome Sequences of Two Novel Coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2) Isolates from Dhaka, Bangladesh

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (27) ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Abdul Matin ◽  
Abdullah Al Nahid ◽  
Bishajit Sarkar ◽  
M. Asad Ullah ◽  
Yusha Araf ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Genome Sequences ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

This study reports the genome sequences of two severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) strains detected in the nasopharyngeal swab specimens of two coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) patients from Dhaka, Bangladesh.

scholarly journals Case Report: An Intracranial Complication of COVID-19 Nasopharyngeal Swab

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 341-344
Author(s):  
Alexandria Holmes ◽  
Bryant Allen
Keyword(s):  
Cerebrospinal Fluid ◽  
Case Report ◽  
Acute Onset ◽  
Csf Leak ◽  
Nasopharyngeal Swab ◽  
Unique Case ◽  
Cerebrospinal Fluid Leaks ◽  
Streptococcal Meningitis ◽  
Persistent Headache ◽  
Csf Leaks

Introduction: Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks are often the result of trauma or recent surgical procedures; however, a subset can develop from non-traumatic etiologies. Cerebrospinal fluid leaks from congenital and spontaneous encephaloceles can be clinically occult and have devastating consequences if undetected for prolonged periods of time. This report highlights a unique case of meningitis after CSF leak caused by ruptured congenital meningocele during a routine nasopharyngeal swab.  Case Report: A 54-year-old female with diagnosed CSF leak presented to the emergency department (ED) with acute onset of severe headache, and neck and back pain. Prior to this presentation, the patient had experienced two months of persistent headache and rhinorrhea since her coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) nasopharyngeal swab. As part of her outpatient workup, an otolaryngology consultation with subsequent beta-2 transferrin testing and magnetic resonance imaging was performed and she was diagnosed with a CSF leak from ruptured congenital meningocele. On ED presentation, she was afebrile, but with mild tachycardia, leukocytosis, and meningismus. Lumbar puncture revealed acute streptococcal meningitis. This patient’s meningitis developed due to prolonged occult CSF leak after her COVID-19 nasopharyngeal swab ruptured a pre-existing congenital meningocele.  Conclusion: Nasopharyngeal swabs are being performed much more frequently due to the COVID-19 pandemic. All front-line providers should be aware of the potential presence and rupture of congenital meningoceles in patients who have undergone recent nasopharyngeal swab when risk-stratifying for potential CSF leak and meningitis.

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