scholarly journals COVID-19: A New Horizon in Congenital Heart Diseases

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ehsan Aghaei Moghadam ◽  
Shabnam Mohammadzadeh ◽  
Roya Sattarzadeh Badkoubeh ◽  
Azin Ghamari ◽  
Ali Rabbani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Ace Inhibitor ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Respiratory Arrest ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Crude Odds Ratio ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center ◽  
Surgical History ◽  
History Of

Objective: Previous studies have demonstrated that both children and adult patients with a history of congenital heart disease (CHD) are at high risk for coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection. This study investigates the status of COVID-19 infection among children undergoing surgical repair within the past 2 years.Methods: All alive patients operated on in a tertiary referral center between March 2018 and March 2020 were recruited in the present study. Detailed demographics, past medical and surgical history, and physical examination were reviewed for each patient. During the COVID-19 pandemic, data regarding the patient's status were collected by telephone survey from April 15 to April 30, 2020.Results: A total number of 210 patients are analyzed in this study. Participants' median age was 21.59 months [interquartile range (IQR) = 12–54.67], and 125 (59.5%) were female. The median interval between surgery and COVID-19 assessment was 305 days (IQR = 215–400). In addition, 67 (32%) patients used angiotensin receptor blocker (ARB)/angiotensin-converting enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (spironolactone and/or captopril). Sixteen patients (7.6%) were symptomatic and had positive chest CT results and/or RT-PCR compared to the previously reported prevalence of COVID-19 among the pediatric population (2.4% of children with <18 years of age); the prevalence of COVID-19 among the patients operated on due to CHD in the present study was significantly higher (p = 0.00012). Two patients were admitted to the intensive care unit (ICU); one patient was discharged 2 weeks later with acceptable status, and one patient died 2 days after ICU admission due to cardiac and respiratory arrest and myocarditis. The complexity of the underlying cardiac disorders was not different between patients with low risk (p = 0.522), suspicious patients (p = 0.920), and patients positive for COVID-19 (p = 0.234). The ARB/ACE inhibitor consumption was not associated with the COVID-19 infection [p = 0.527, crude odds ratio (OR) = 1.407, 95% CI = 0.489–4.052].Conclusion: Children with a history of previous CHD surgery are more susceptible to infections, especially those infections with pulmonary involvements, as the lung involvement could cause worsening of the patient's condition by aggravating pulmonary hypertension. The results of the current study indicate that these patients are more prone to COVID-19 infection compared to the healthy children population.

scholarly journals COVID-19 in Pediatric Patients: A Focus on CHD Patients

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rana O. Zareef ◽  
Nour K. Younis ◽  
Fadi Bitar ◽  
Ali H. Eid ◽  
Mariam Arabi
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart Disease ◽  
Heart Disease ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Respiratory Infections ◽  
Pediatric Population ◽  
Healthy Population ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Radiographic Findings ◽  
Course Of Illness ◽  
Global Pandemic

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is a global pandemic caused by SARS-CoV-2 virus. As of the 30th of September 2020, around 34,000,000 cases have been reported globally. Pediatrics with underlying congenital heart disease represent a small yet a critical proportion of these patients. In general, the majority of infected children experience mild to moderate disease with significant interindividual variability in laboratory and radiographic findings. Nevertheless, in healthy children with COVID-19, cardiac involvement has been documented and is attributed to various causes. Myocarditis, arrhythmias, cardiogenic shock, and serious multisystem inflammatory syndrome in children are all encountered. Since COVID-19 is a recent novel disease and based on previous experience with respiratory infections, children with underlying congenital heart disease should be given special attention. To date, little data is available about COVID-19 presentation, complications, and appropriate treatment in this population. However, variable and inconsistent disease presentation and severity have been observed. This paper discusses COVID-19 course of illness in pediatric population with a special emphasis on the cardiac manifestations of the disease in healthy population and also on the disease course in congenital heart disease patients in particular.

scholarly journals Parental risk factors associated with congenital heart disease in a Thai population: multivariable analysis

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (6) ◽  
pp. 267-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chayamon Suwansumrit ◽  
Worawan Jittham
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Family History ◽  
Cigarette Smoke ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Maternal Exposure ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
History Of

Abstract Background Congenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common types of birth defects and contribute to a large proportion of infant morbidities and mortalities worldwide. These defects may require multiple surgical interventions impacting the infant's quality of life. Objectives To identify risk factors associated with CHD in a population of Thai children. Methods We conducted a case–control study of patients attending the Pediatric Clinic, Naresuan University Hospital, Thailand. We included data from pediatric patients diagnosed with CHDs as cases, and patients without cardiovascular abnormalities as controls. Risk data were collected from July 2019 to April 2020 using face-to-face interviews. Multiple logistic regression was used to analyze parental factors associated with CHDs. Results We included 249 cases classified into 2 groups according to severity and 304 patients as controls. For those less-severely affected (155 patients, 62.2%), ventricular septal defect (27.7%) was the most prevalent, whereas for those with severe CHDs, tetralogy of Fallot was the most prevalent (14.0%). There was no difference in sex distribution or maternal obstetric history between the groups. In multivariable analysis, a family history of CHDs (adjusted odds ratio [AOR] 4.67, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.61–13.57, P = 0.005) and maternal exposure to second-hand cigarette smoke (AOR 1.58, 95% CI 1.03–2.42, P = 0.002) were identified as significant risk factors for CHDs. Conclusion A family history of CHDs and maternal exposure to second-hand cigarette smoke are associated with having offspring with CHDs in the population studied. These findings help us to encourage affected parents to obtain a fetal echocardiogram.

scholarly journals Maternal tobacco consumption during pregnancy and risk of congenital heart diseases in offspring

2018 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 1023 ◽  
Author(s):  
Deveshwar Dev ◽  
Rambabu Sharma ◽  
Meenakshi Sharma
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Smoking Habit ◽  
Tobacco Consumption ◽  
P Value ◽  
Congenital Heart Diseases ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
History Of ◽  
Age And Sex

Background: Maternal tobacco consumption (both active and passive) during pregnancy as a risk factor for congenital heart diseases in off-springs has been studied by some workers with a small number of subjects hence requires to be evaluated through a study with a significant size of cohort. The objective of the study was to find out the association between maternal tobacco consumption and the risk of CHDs among their off springs.Methods: This is a hospital based, comparative, cross sectional, observational study. 518 children with CHDs, confirmed by echocardiography were included as cases and 240 children without any obvious congenital anomaly matched for age and sex were taken as controls. The following clinical observations were collected through questionnaires in a predesigned Performa: maternal and paternal tobacco consumption during pregnancy; maternal medical, gestational and obstetric history; and other birth defects.Results: Children from case and control groups were comparable with respect to age and sex at the inclusion in the study. Out of the total 758 study participants, 73 children (14.01%) with CHDs had history of maternal tobacco consumption (active consumption) during pregnancy and 86 children (16.6%) with CHDs had history of paternal smoking habit (P value was highly significant).Conclusions: Tobacco consumption during pregnancy (both active and passive) confer an increased risk of CHDs in their off springs (p value <0.001).

Analysis of Congenital Heart Diseases in a Tertiary Referral Center of Brazil: A 7-Months Initial Experience

2013 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. S89
Author(s):  
E. Araujo Júnior ◽  
L.A.R. Amorim ◽  
A.T.F. Leslie ◽  
L.C. Rolo ◽  
L.M.M. Nardozza ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Congenital Heart Diseases ◽  
Initial Experience ◽  
Tertiary Referral ◽  
Tertiary Referral Center ◽  
Referral Center

scholarly journals Myocardial Injury in Children with Unoperated Congenital Heart Diseases

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-5 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mohamed O. Hafez ◽  
Saed M. Morsy ◽  
Ragab A. Mahfoz ◽  
Ahmed R. Ali
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Myocardial Injury ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Pressure Overload ◽  
Systemic Arterial Pressure ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Congenital Heart Diseases ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Early Management ◽  
And Control

Background.Children with congenital heart diseases (CHDs) may have a risk of developing myocardial injury caused by volume and pressure overload.Objective.To evaluate the incidence of myocardial injury in children with cyanotic and acyanotic CHDs using cTnI assay and to correlate it with different hemodynamic parameters.Methods.This study included 80 children with CHDs (40 acyanotic and 40 cyanotic) as well as 40 healthy children (control group). Serum cTnI levels were measured for patients and control. Pulmonary to systemic blood flow (Qp/Qs) and pulmonary to systemic arterial pressure (Pp/Ps) ratios were measured for children with CHDs during cardiac catheterization.Results.Sixty-four out of 80 patients with CHDs had myocardial injury as evidenced by increased cTnI. Serum cTnI was significantly higher in both cyanotic and acyanotic groups compared to control group (p<0.05). Serum cTnI level significantly correlated with oxygen saturation (SpO2), ejection fraction (EF), Qp/Qs, and Pp/Ps ratios.Conclusion.The incidence of myocardial injury was high in children with CHDs. The use of cTnI for follow-up of children with CHDs may help early detection of myocardial injury and help early management of these cases.

The Congenital Heart Surgeons’ Society Registry of Anomalous Aortic Origin of a Coronary Artery: an update

2015 ◽  
Vol 25 (8) ◽  
pp. 1567-1571 ◽  
Author(s):  
Julie A. Brothers ◽  
J. William Gaynor ◽  
Jeffrey P. Jacobs ◽  
Jeffrey A. Poynter ◽  
Marshall L. Jacobs
Keyword(s):  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Young Patients ◽  
Current State ◽  
Large Numbers ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Surgical History ◽  
History Of ◽  
Children And Young Adults

AbstractThe anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery from the wrong sinus of Valsalva with an interarterial, intramural, and/or intraconal course is a relatively rare congenital defect of the heart that may be associated with an increased risk of ischaemia of the myocardium and sudden death, notably in children and young adults. Data are limited regarding stratification of risk and long-term outcomes of these patients. In 2009, the Anomalous Coronary Artery Working Group formed the Congenital Heart Surgeons’ Society Registry of Anomalous Aortic Origin of a Coronary Artery to obtain information on large numbers of young patients with anomalous aortic origin of a coronary artery with the goal to better understand the natural and surgical history of this anomaly as well as to develop evidence-based treatment and management guidelines. In this report, we describe the data we have collected from the registry and the current state of the registry.

scholarly journals Association and interaction effect of UCP2 gene polymorphisms and dietary factors with congenital heart diseases in Chinese Han population

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Senmao Zhang ◽  
Xiaoying Liu ◽  
Tingting Wang ◽  
Lizhang Chen ◽  
Tubao Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Dietary Factors ◽  
Unknown Etiology ◽  
Congenital Heart Diseases ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Positive Interaction ◽  
Ucp2 Gene ◽  
Excessive Intake ◽  
Pickled Vegetables

AbstractCongenital heart diseases (CHDs) are the most common birth defects and the leading cause of non-infectious deaths in infants, with an unknown etiology. We aimed to assess the association of genetic variations in UCP2 gene, dietary factors, and their interactions with the risk of CHDs in offspring. The hospital-based case–control study included 464 mothers of children with CHDs and 504 mothers of healthy children. The exposures of interest were maternal dietary factors in early pregnancy and UCP2 genetic variants. Logistic regression analyses were used to assess the association and interaction of UCP2 gene and dietary factors with CHDs. Our results found that the polymorphisms of UCP2 gene at rs659366 and rs660339, together with maternal dietary factors including excessive intake of pickled vegetables and smoked foods were associated with increased risks of CHDs in offspring. Regular intake of fresh meat, fish and shrimp, and milk products were associated with lower risks of CHDs in offspring. Besides, positive interaction between the dominant model of rs659366 and excessive intake of pickled vegetables was found in the additive interaction model (RERI = 1.19, P = 0.044). These findings provide the theoretical basis for gene screening and a new clue for the prevention of CHDs in offspring.

scholarly journals Analysis of the interconnection of the GSTP1, CYP1A2, CYP1A1 genes in children with congenital heart diseases

2020 ◽  
Vol 65 (3) ◽  
pp. 39-43
Author(s):  
A. V. Tsepokina ◽  
A. V. Ponasenko ◽  
A. V. Shabaldin
Keyword(s):  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Heart Defects ◽  
Congenital Heart Diseases ◽  
Genotype Distribution ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Locus Model ◽  
Healthy Donors ◽  
Pcr Method

The article presents data on the study of gene interconnections between the xenobiotics detoxification genes in various phases.Materials and methods. The study involves 131 children with congenital heart diseases (CHD) and 103 conditionally healthy children. The genotyping was performed by RT-PCR method using TaqMan probes. Intergenic bonds were analyzed via MDR v.3.0.2.Results and conclusion. We discovered no statistically significant differences in the genotype distribution in children with CHD and conditionally healthy donors. The analysis of intergenic interactions helped to develop a five-locus model characterized by the highest reproducibility, sensitivity and specificity: GSTP1 rs1793068 – GSTP1 rs6591256 – GSTP1 rs1871042 – CYP1A1 rs1048943 – CYP1A2 rs762551. This model was used to determine a number of protective and risky combinations of congenital heart defects-associated genotypes in children.

scholarly journals Cardiopulmonary fitness in children with congenital heart diseases versus healthy children

Heart ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 1026-1036 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascal Amedro ◽  
Arthur Gavotto ◽  
Sophie Guillaumont ◽  
Helena Bertet ◽  
Marie Vincenti ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Characteristics ◽  
Congenital Heart ◽  
Heart Diseases ◽  
Female Gender ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Exercise Test ◽  
Congenital Heart Diseases ◽  
Healthy Children ◽  
Normal Children ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cardiopulmonary Fitness

ObjectiveWe aimed to compare the cardiopulmonary fitness of children with congenital heart diseases (CHD) with that of age-adjusted and gender-adjusted controls. We also intended to identify clinical characteristics associated with maximum oxygen uptake (VO2max) in this population.Methods and resultsWe included in a cross-sectional multicentre study a total of 798 children (496 CHD and 302 controls) who underwent a complete cardiopulmonary exercise test (CPET). The association of clinical characteristics with VO2max was studied using a multivariate analysis. Mean VO2max in the CHD group and control represented 93%±20% and 107%±17% of predicted values, respectively. VO2max was significantly lower in the CHD group, overall (37.8±0.3vs 42.6±0.4 mL/kg/min, P<0.0001) and for each group (P<0.05). The mean VO2max decline per year was significantly higher in CHD than in the controls overall (−0.84±0.10 vs −0.19±0.14 mL/kg/min/year, P<0.01), for boys (−0.72±0.14vs 0.11±0.19 mL/kg/min/year, P<0.01) and for girls (−1.00±0.13 vs −0.55±0.21 mL/kg/min/year, P=0.05). VO2max was associated with body mass index, ventilatory anaerobic threshold, female gender, restrictive ventilatory disorder, right ventricle systolic hypertension, tricuspid regurgitation, the number of cardiac catheter or surgery procedures, and the presence of a genetic anomaly.ConclusionsAlthough the magnitude of the difference was not large, VO2max among children with CHD was significantly lower than in normal children. We suggest performing CPET in routine follow-up of these patients.Trial registration numberClinicalTrials.gov NCT01202916; Post-results.

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