scholarly journals Metabolomic Profiling and Immunomodulatory Activity of a Polyherbal Combination in Cyclophosphamide-Induced Immunosuppressed Mice

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sultan Zahiruddin ◽  
Abida Parveen ◽  
Washim Khan ◽  
Mohammad Ibrahim ◽  
Muzamil Y. Want ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling ◽  
Immunosuppressed Mice ◽  
Different Doses

The study was aimed to develop a characterized polyherbal combination as an immunomodulator containing Phyllanthus emblica L., Piper nigrum L., Withania somnifera (L.) Dunal, and Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers. Through response surface methodology (RSM), the ratio of aqueous extracts of four plant materials was optimized and comprised 49.76% of P. emblica, 1.35% of P. nigrum, 5.41% of W. somnifera, and 43.43% of T. cordifolia for optimum immunomodulatory activity. The optimized combination showed antioxidant potential and contains more than 180 metabolites, out of which gallic acid, quercetin, ellagic acid, caffeic acid, kaempferitrin, and p-coumaric acid are some common and significant metabolites found in plant extracts and in polyherbal combination. Treatment with the polyherbal combination of different doses in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice significantly (p < 0.01) enhanced the subsets of immune cells such as natural killer (NK) cells (60%), B cells (18%), CD4 cells (14%), and CD8 cells (7%). The characterized polyherbal combination exhibited potent immunomodulatory activity, which can be further explored clinically for its therapeutic applicability.

scholarly journals TLC-Based Metabolite Profiling and Bioactivity-Based Scientific Validation for Use of Water Extracts in AYUSH Formulations

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Sultan Zahiruddin ◽  
Abida Parveen ◽  
Washim Khan ◽  
Rabea Parveen ◽  
Sayeed Ahmad
Keyword(s):  
Metabolite Profiling ◽  
Water Extract ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Ocimum Sanctum ◽  
Dependent Manner ◽  
Splenocyte Proliferation ◽  
Plant Materials ◽  
Water Extracts ◽  
Scientific Validation

We aimed to develop a chromatographic method for scientific validation of water extract of some important Indian traditional plants used in AYUSH-based formulation as immunomodulator and to evaluate their bioactive potential. Fruits of Phyllanthus emblica L. and Piper nigrum L., stem of Tinospora cordifolia (Willd.) Miers, rhizome of Curcuma longa L., leaves of Ocimum sanctum L. and Achillea millefolium L., roots of Withania somnifera L., and stem bark of Azadirachta indica A. Juss. were coarsely powdered and extracted in three different solvents (water, ethanol, and hydroethanol). The antioxidant potential was determined through 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl and ferric reducing capacity methods. Thin-layer chromatography (TLC) was carried out for the comparative metabolite profiling of the extracts using toluene, ethyl acetate, and formic acid (5 : 4 : 1, v/v/v) as a solvent system. In vitro immunomodulatory activity of the extracts has been tested on splenocyte proliferation and pinocytic assay. Hydroethanolic extract (HEE) of most of the plant materials has the highest phenolic and flavonoid contents, followed by water extract (WE) and ethanolic extract (EE), whereas the water extracts of most of the plant material showed better antioxidant activity. Almost all extract exhibited splenocyte proliferation and pinocytic activity in a dose-dependent manner. But water extract showed significantly higher splenocyte proliferation and pinocytic activity as compared to the other two extracts. TLC analysis resulted in detection of totally 63 and 56 metabolites at 254 nm and 366 nm, respectively. Through principal component analysis (PCA), it was observed that metabolite pattern of different extracts from same plant materials may be different or similar. This preliminary result can be used for quality evaluation and to develop a synergy-based polyherbal combination of water extracts of selected plant materials.

Pharmacological Potential of Natural Herbs against Covid-19: A Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 269-274
Author(s):  
Priyanka K. Shinde ◽  
Dattaprasad N. Vikhe ◽  
Ravindra S. Jadhav ◽  
Ganesh S. Shinde
Keyword(s):  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Research Unit ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Primary Case ◽  
The World ◽  
Prevention And Treatment ◽  
Anti Oxidant ◽  
Pharmacological Potential ◽  
Steroidal Lactone

The unknown coronavirus has been unfold all over within the world. The primary case was declared in Dec 2019, and this coronavirus malady has become a virulent disease. Infection of this virus is directly attacked on the system of the flesh or animals. Nowdays there’s a deficiency of correct management or vaccinum out there to stop this malady that principally attacks the system of body. Hindrance is healthier than cure. This term is extremely renowned to any or all people. Thus currently this time has come back to used for our savings of lives. Ayurveda is the ancient system of drugs which is originated in India. During this covid -19 amount boosting of our system is that the excellent thanks to fight against this corona virus. Many seasoning plants unit accessible in our shut that unit used for immunity boosting throughout Covid 19. Some seasoning plants like Tinospora cordifolia, Withania somnifera, Nyctanthes arbortristis that unit commonly used for immunity boosting. This herb contains compounds like glycosides, steroids, diterpenoid lactones, alkaloids, steroidal lactone,etc. vary of research unit accessible on Tinospora cordifolia, Ashwagandha, and Nyctanthes arbortristis to prove its immunomodulatory activity, anti-oxidant activity, anti- inflammatory activity, anti-pyretic activity. Throughout this general review we’ve a bent to targated on the role, drugs activities of Tinospora cordifolia, Withania somnifera, Nyctanthes arbortristis to prevention and treatment of COVID 19 or CORANA VIRUS infection.

Potential of Selected Indian Herbs for COVID-19

2020 ◽  
Vol 06 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ravindra Verma ◽  
Vaibhav Misra ◽  
Dileep Tiwari ◽  
Prakash S. Bisen
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Withania Somnifera ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Environmental Threats ◽  
Scientific Databases ◽  
First Case ◽  
Ocimum Tenuiflorum ◽  
Novel Coronavirus

Introduction: Many environmental risk factors are associated with some form of chronic inflammation. The spread of COVID-19 across the world has impacted every one of us. The first case of coronavirus was reported on 30 January 2020 in India originating from China. Study Area: India has a tremendous capacity to deal with the coronavirus outbreak because of its high immunity and climatic conditions. Maintaining social distancing and hand washing is not a sufficient step for preventing COVID-19. Indian system of traditional medicine has a potential worth to enhance immunity, which can resist a novel coronavirus. Material & Methods: A detailed study was carried out by analyzing national and international scientific databases (PubMed, SciFinder, ScienceDirect, Scopus, and Web of Science, Mendeley), thesis, and recognized books. Only Indian herbs with high immunity resistant power were analyzed. Epidemiologic studies with information on COVID-19 risk factors and precautions also considered for study purposes. Results: Some herbs like Ocimum tenuiflorum (Tulsi), Glycyrrhiza glabra (Liquorice), Curcuma domestica Vahl (Turmeric), Tinospora cordifolia (Giloy), Withania somnifera (Ashwagandha), Cinnamon (Dalchini), Shoot of Triticumaestivum Linn. (Wheatgrass), Andrographis paniculata (Kalmegh), can help in boosting immunity for COVID-19 disease. Discussion: Despite the shreds of evidence for the efficacy of these herbs in treating coronavirus induced infections; the proper dose with ideal timing for such interventions needs to verify in clinical trials. Researchers must have to take the privilege to explore the potential of herbs to reduce such epidemics of environmental threats.

Lack of the CD8+ cell anti-HIV factor in CD8+ cell granules

Blood ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 102 (1) ◽  
pp. 180-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carl E. Mackewicz ◽  
Baikun Wang ◽  
Sunil Metkar ◽  
Matthew Richey ◽  
Christopher J. Froelich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cells ◽  
Antiviral Activity ◽  
Cd8 T Cells ◽  
Culture Media ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Antiviral Protein ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Cd8 Cell ◽  
Anti Hiv ◽  
Primary Granule

Abstract In HIV infection, CD8+ cells show cytotoxic and noncytotoxic anti-HIV activity. The latter function is mediated, at least in part, by a secreted antiviral protein, the CD8+ cell antiviral factor (CAF). Because antiviral effector molecules, such as perforin and granzymes, reside in the exocytic granules of CD8+ T cells, we examined the possibility that granules contain CAF-like activity. CD8+ cells from HIV-infected individuals showing strong CAF-mediated antiviral activity were induced to release their granule constituents into culture media. Within 1 hour of stimulation, high levels of granzyme B (a primary granule constituent) were found in the culture fluids of previously activated CD8+ cells. The same culture fluids contained no or very low amounts of CAF activity, as measured with HIV-infected CD4+ cells. Maximal levels of CAF activity were not observed until 5 or 7 days after stimulation, consistent with typical CAF production kinetics. In addition, extracts of granules purified from antiviral CD8+ cells did not show any CAF activity, whereas the cytoplasmic fraction of these cells showed substantial levels of antiviral activity. These findings suggest that CAF does not reside at appreciable levels in the exocytic granules of antiviral CD8+ T cells. (Blood. 2003;102: 180-183)

scholarly journals Investigation of the immunomodulatory activity of Tricholoma matsutake mycelium in cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed mice

2017 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 4320-4326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Quan Li ◽  
Yanzhen Wang ◽  
Yiling Chen ◽  
Meiyu Teng ◽  
Jian He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tricholoma Matsutake ◽  
Immunomodulatory Activity ◽  
Immunosuppressed Mice

scholarly journals Cardioprotective and Metabolomic Profiling of Selected Medicinal Plants against Oxidative Stress

2018 ◽  
Vol 2018 ◽  
pp. 1-17 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nadia Afsheen ◽  
Khalil-ur-Rehman ◽  
Nazish Jahan ◽  
Misbah Ijaz ◽  
Asad Manzoor ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Medicinal Plants ◽  
Plasmid Dna ◽  
Research Work ◽  
Antioxidant Potential ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Coronary Artery Ligation ◽  
Hemodynamic Parameters ◽  
Metabolomic Profiling

In this research work, the antioxidant and metabolomic profiling of seven selected medicinally important herbs including Rauvolfia serpentina, Terminalia arjuna, Coriandrum sativum, Elettaria cardamom, Piper nigrum, Allium sativum, and Crataegus oxyacantha was performed. The in vivo cardioprotective potential of these medicinal plants was evaluated against surgically induced oxidative stress through left anterior descending coronary artery ligation (LADCA) in dogs. The antioxidant profiling of these plants was done through DPPH and DNA protection assay. The C. oxyacantha and T. arjuna showed maximum antioxidant potential, while the E. cardamom showed poor antioxidative strength even at its high concentration. Different concentrations of extracts of the said plants exhibited the protection of plasmid DNA against H2O2 damage as compared to the plasmid DNA merely treated with H2O2. The metabolomic profiling through LC-MS analysis of these antioxidants revealed the presence of active secondary metabolites responsible for their antioxidant potential. During in vivo analysis, blood samples of all treatment groups were drawn at different time intervals to analyze the cardiac and hemodynamic parameters. The results depicted that the group pretreated with HC4 significantly sustained the level of CK-MB, SGOT, and LDH as well as hemodynamic parameters near to normal. The histopathological examination also confirmed the cardioprotective potential of HC4. Thus, the HC4 being safe and inexpensive cardioprotective herbal combination could be considered as an alternate of synthetic drugs.

scholarly journals Effects of classical swine fever virus infection on the porcine leukocyte subsets

2000 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-42 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. J. Schubert ◽  
P. Soós ◽  
K. R. Depner
Keyword(s):  
Flow Cytometry ◽  
Virus Infection ◽  
Viral Antigen ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Virus Antigen ◽  
Lower Percentage ◽  
Cd4 Cells ◽  
Double Positive ◽  
Cd8 Cells ◽  
Acute Form

The effects of classical swine fever (CSF) virus infection on the porcine leukocyte subsets were investigated by flow cytometry in acute, chronic and convalescent forms of the disease. The virus antigen could be first detected in the monocytes on postinfection (p.i.) day 10 while in the lymphocytes on p.i. day 13. It could be established that the ratio of CD6+ cells decreased until p.i. day 6, but afterwards it started to increase and reached different values. The CD4+CD8+, the CD8+ and the CD6- cells were obviously higher virus positive than the CD4+ and the CD4-CD8-subsets, but essentially all subsets could be infected. The ratio of CD8+ cells increased during the disease, while the number of double positive cells decreased, and that of the CD4+ cells was variable. The viral antigen could be detected in a lower percentage of the CD4+CD8+, CD8+, CD6+ and CD6- cells of the pigs affected with the chronic form of the disease than in those with the acute form. During the experiments no viral antigen could be detected in the leukocytes of the pig that became convalescent, though the changes in its leukocyte subsets were very similar to those seen in pigs in which the viral antigen could be detected. The studies have revealed that essentially all leukocyte subsets can be infected with the CSF virus, but in very different amounts.

scholarly journals A COMPARATIVE ANATOMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF THE STEMS OF CLIMBING PLANTS IN ARALAM WILD LIFE SANCTUARY, KANNUR

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 37-44
Author(s):  
Prasanth K.P ◽  
Sekaran S
Keyword(s):  
Secondary Growth ◽  
Life Forms ◽  
Tinospora Cordifolia ◽  
Piper Nigrum ◽  
Supporting Cells ◽  
Anatomical Structures ◽  
Climbing Plants ◽  
Plant Life Forms ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Storage Parenchyma

Climbing plants differ from self-supporting plants, such as shrubs and trees, in a range of characteristics. The most notable is the mechanical properties of the stem Comparison of the differentiated anatomical structures recorded in ten species of the climbing plants. The plants selected for the present study are Ampelocissus latifolia, (Vitaceae), Lygodium flexuosum (Lygodiaceae), Centrosema virginianum (Fabaceae), Tinospora cordifolia, (Menispermaceae), Wattakakka volubilis (Asclepiadaceae) Cyclea peltata (Menispermaceae), Calycopteris floribunda (Combretaceae) Pothos scandens (Araceae) Ipomoea separia (Convolvulaceae) and Piper nigrum (Piperaceae). The stems of climbing plants are characterized by the scarcity of supporting cells (fibers) and an increase in the diameter of the xylem vessels. The study con firms that they show a greater diversity of organization than other plant life forms. This anatomical radiation couldprobably not exist without the achievement of a wide range of secondary growth processes. Many dicotyledons, notably those with a climbing habit, show interesting secondary structure which differs from the more usual type described, therefore, sometimes termed anomalous. The variant secondary growth isparticularly widespread in tropical climbers. It is speculated that variant growth can increase stem flexibility, protect the phloem, increase storage parenchyma, aid in clinging to supports, limit physical disruption of vascular tissues during twisting and bending, and promote wound healing after girdling.

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