scholarly journals Effects of Topical Gabapentin on Ocular Pain and Tear Secretion

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Maurizio Cammalleri ◽  
Rosario Amato ◽  
Melania Olivieri ◽  
Salvatore Pezzino ◽  
Paola Bagnoli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lacrimal Gland ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Corneal Epithelial Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Aquaporin 5 ◽  
Ocular Pain ◽  
Anesthetic Drugs ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Neuropathic ocular pain is a frequent occurrence in medium to severe dry eye disease (DED). Only palliative treatments, such as lubricants and anti-inflammatory drugs, are available to alleviate patients’ discomfort. Anesthetic drugs are not indicated, because they may interfere with the neural feedback between the cornea and the lacrimal gland, impairing tear production and lacrimation. Gabapentin (GBT) is a structural analog of gamma-amino butyric acid that has been used by systemic administration to provide pain relief in glaucomatous patients. We have already shown in a rabbit model system that its topic administration as eye drops has anti-inflammatory properties. We now present data on rabbits’ eyes showing that indeed GBT given topically as eye drops has analgesic but not anesthetic effects. Therefore, opposite to an anesthetic drug such as oxybuprocaine, GBT does not decrease lacrimation, but–unexpectedly–even stimulates it, apparently through the upregulation of acetylcholine and norepinephrine, and by induction of aquaporin 5 (AQP5) expression in the lacrimal gland. Moreover, data obtained in vitro on a primary human corneal epithelial cell line also show direct induction of AQP5 by GBT. This suggests that corneal cells might also contribute to the lacrimal stimulation promoted by GBT and participate with lacrimal glands in the restoration of the tear film, thus reducing friction on the ocular surface, which is a known trigger of ocular pain. In conclusion, GBT is endowed with analgesic, anti-inflammatory and secretagogue properties, all useful to treat neuropathic pain of the ocular surface, especially in case of DED.

scholarly journals MPC Polymer Promotes Recovery from Dry Eye via Stabilization of the Ocular Surface

Pharmaceutics ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (2) ◽  
pp. 168
Author(s):  
Noriaki Nagai ◽  
Shunsuke Sakurai ◽  
Ryotaro Seiriki ◽  
Misa Minami ◽  
Mizuki Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
T Cell ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Corneal Epithelial Cell ◽  
Epithelial Cell Line ◽  
Dry Eyes ◽  
Lacrimal Fluid

The polymer that includes 2-methacryloyloxy ethyl phosphorylcholine (MPC) is well-known as an effectively hydrating multifunction agent. In this study, we prepared an MPC polymer (MPCP) using radical polymerization with co-monomers—MPC/Stearyl Methacrylate/N,N-dimethylacrylamide—and evaluated the MPCP’s usefulness for dry eye treatment using a rabbit model treated with N-acetylcysteine. The MPCP particle size was 50–250 nm, and the form was similar to that of micelles. The MPCP viscosity (approximately 0.95 mPa·s) was 1.17-fold that of purified water, and a decrease in the transepithelial electrical resistance value (corneal damage) was not observed in the immortalized human corneal epithelial cell line HCE-T cell (HCE-T cell layer). The MPCP enhanced the water maintenance on the cornea, and the instillation of MPCP increased the lacrimal fluid volume and prolonged the tear film breakup time without an increase in total mucin contents in the lacrimal fluid of the normal rabbits. The therapeutic potential of the MPCP for dry eye was evaluated using an N-acetylcysteine-treated rabbit model, and, in our investigation, we found that MPCP enhanced the volume of lacrimal fluid and promoted an improvement in the tear film breakup levels. These findings regarding the creation and characteristics of a novel MPCP will provide relevant information for designing further studies to develop a treatment for dry eyes.

scholarly journals Current treatment modalities for dry eye disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-23
Author(s):  
E.B. Tatarnikova ◽  
◽  
O.I. Krivosheina ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Tear Film ◽  
Current Treatment ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Treatment Modalities ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Published Data ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

For many years, dry eye disease (DED) is a common ophthalmic condition associated with ocular surface damage and loss of homeostasis of the tear film. The key pathogenic factors of DED are tear film instability and tear hyperosmolarity, ocular surface inflammation and damage, and neurosensory alterations. Current treatment for DED consists of non-medical therapies, tear substitutes, anti-inflammatory agents, and surgical procedures. These treatments improve disease course and quality of life. However, these treatments are largely palliative as long-term (and even life-long) installation of eye drops is required. Modern and effective treatments for DED are needed. This paper reviews domestic and foreign published data on the important therapies for DED and novel tools to promote symptom relief. These data are required for the understanding of the pharmacological effects of various drug classes prescribed for DED and early treatment initiation. Keywords: dry eye disease, tear replacement therapy, anti-inflammatory treatment, surgery, hyaluronic acid, preservatives. For citation: Tatarnikova E.B., Krivosheina O.I. Current treatment modalities for dry eye disease. Russian Journal of Clinical Ophthalmology. 2021;21(1):18–23. DOI: 10.32364/2311-7729-2021-21-1-18-23.

scholarly journals Anti-inflammatory effect of an eye drops solution based on liposomal ozonated oil in different corneal and anterior segment human diseases

Ozone Therapy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Andrea Attilio Basile ◽  
Magda Cendali ◽  
Giulia Mandelli ◽  
Gaetano Fioretto
Keyword(s):  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Antimicrobial Agents ◽  
Alternative Therapy ◽  
Anterior Segment ◽  
Multidrug Resistant ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Suitable Alternative ◽  
Anti Inflammatory ◽  
Topical Dosage

The gaseous ozone can be effectively stabilized – for topical use – as ozonated oil, an organic analog of ozone, that has the same properties; the tolerability on the ocular surface has been further improved by means a specific formulation, developed for ophthalmic use, based on liposomal sunflower ozonated oil plus hypromellose (Ozodrop®, FB Vision, Ascoli Piceno, Italy), which is extremely biocompatible with the delicate ocular surface tissue. The use of ozone in certain eye anterior segment pathologies could be providential due to its anti-inflammatory and bactericidal activity, in addition to promoting tissue repair properties. Nowadays, the overuse of antibiotics in the treatment of infectious diseases, and the appearance of multidrug-resistant bacterial strains, has driven research towards the study of new resistance-free antimicrobial agents. In our experience, this new liposomal ozonated oil formulation was used to promote wound healing and treat some inflammatory and infectious pathologies of the anterior segment, such as vernal conjunctivities, granulomatous conjunctivities, persistent dystrophic corneal ulcer, i.e. diseases necessitating adequate anti-inflammatory and regenerative therapy. In these conditions, a topical dosage of one or two drops of collyrium every 4 h over 3-7 days is generally recommended, even though multiple and frequent instillations are often required to achieve clinical resolution. The use of ozone-based eye drops gave a faster resolution of the inflammatory and/or infectious process, healing of the wounded area, improvement of corneal deepithelization and resolution of the symptomatology (itching, soreness) and clinical sign. In conclusion, from our preliminary results, ozone-based eye drops represent a valid and suitable alternative therapy for the management of external ocular pathologies, both inflammatory and/or infective and traumatic.

scholarly journals Comparative Study Of The Effect Of Topical Corticosteroid With Non-Steroidal Anti Inflammatory Agents On Post-Operative Inflammation And Corneal Astigmatism After Cataract Surgery.

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (02) ◽  
pp. 95-99
Author(s):  
Dr. Neeta Pal ◽  
Dr. Thanikachalam Subramanian ◽  
Dr. A. John Bosco ◽  
Dr. Vijay Chawda
Keyword(s):  
Comparative Study ◽  
Topical Corticosteroid ◽  
Cataract Surgery ◽  
Corneal Astigmatism ◽  
Posterior Chamber ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Ocular Pain ◽  
Postoperative Control ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Purpose:To compare the effects of topical corticosteroid with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents on postoperative control of inflammation, pain and corneal astigmatism. Setting: Indira Gandhi Government General Hospital & Postgraduate Institute, Puducherry. Methods:A prospective comparative study in two hundred patients with visually significant cataract, undergoing manual small incision cataract surgery with implantation of posterior chamber intraocular lens were randomly assigned into four groups with minimum 50 patients in each.  All cases of uncomplicated cataract surgery were assigned to following groups to receive one of the following topical anti-inflammatory agents as postoperative medications: Group A- 1% predinsolone acetate, Group B -0.5% ketorolac tromethamine, Group C 0.09% Bromfenac eye drops, Group D 0.1% Nepafenac eye drops. All patients were examined on 1 day (baseline), 3th day, 5th day, 7th day, 14th day and 1month after surgery for assessment of ocular pain, anterior chamber cells and flare and corneal astigmatism. Results:The cells and flare were least in bromfenac group on the 3rd postoperative day.Nepafenac is effective in inflammation control from 5th postoperative day. There was a significant association of use of drug and severity of ocular pain upto 1stpostoperative week. There was statistically significant difference between NSAIDs and steroid on postoperative astigmatism (P <0.001). Conclusions:Bromfenac is effective as an anti-inflammatory agent in the immediate postoperative period. All the NSAIDs are found to be as effective as steroid after 1 week onwards. The NSAIDs showed reduced astigmatism changes and stabilizes astigmatism much quicker than steroids.

scholarly journals Isolated bilateral congenital lacrimal gland agenesis presenting as dry eye in childhood: a rare entity

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
pp. 74-77
Author(s):  
Anitha Venugopal ◽  
Sowmya Peri ◽  
Ravi Chandra ◽  
Meenakshi Ravindran ◽  
Rengappa Ramakrishnan
Keyword(s):  
Salivary Glands ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Lacrimal Gland ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Vitamin Supplementation ◽  
Bulbar Conjunctiva ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Rare Entity ◽  
Permanent Occlusion ◽  
Functional Vision

We report the case of a 1-year-old child who presented with complaints of redness and defective vision since birth. The child had no systemic abnormalities. On examination, complete keratinization of the bulbar conjunctiva and cornea was noted with dry, lustreless and irregular surface. Corneal sensation was intact. Orbital MRI revealed bilateral agenesis of the lacrimal gland with normal salivary glands. The child was given vitamin supplementation, cyclosporine eye drops along with lubricants and tape tarsorrhaphy in the night. Permanent occlusion of both the lower puncta was done. There was decreased ocular surface congestion, with frequent wetting of the ocular surface, which continued in the months to follow. We present a case of isolated bilateral lacrimal gland agenesis with normal salivary glands, a rare cause of dry eye in children. An early diagnosis and conservative management can help in maintaining functional vision in such cases.

scholarly journals The Effect of Buddleja officinalis Maxim Eye Drops on Morphology and Apoptosis in Lacrimal Gland of Experimental Dry Eye Rabbit Model

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Genyan Qin ◽  
Yasha Zhou ◽  
Jun Peng ◽  
Youwei Zhang ◽  
Xiaofang Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Dry Eye ◽  
Lacrimal Gland ◽  
Rabbit Model ◽  
Morphological Structure ◽  
Study Groups ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Model Group ◽  
Lacrimal Glands ◽  
Eye Model

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Buddleja officinalis Maxim eye drops on morphology and apoptosis in lacrimal glands of the experimental dry eye rabbit model. A total of thirty-six male rabbits were divided into six study groups, consisting of the control group and the dry eye rabbit model group (without any treatment), the dry eye rabbit model group treated with testosterone, and the dry eye rabbit model group treated with different concentrations of Buddleja officinalis Maxim eye drops (1.0 mg/ml, 1.5 mg/ml and 3.0 mg/ml). The lacrimal glands were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining and immunohistochemistry. Buddleja officinalis Maxim eye drops can improve the morphological structure of the lacrimal gland in the dry eye model of castrated rabbits. The average optical density values of PI3K, Akt, and caspase-9 protein in the lacrimal gland tissue of the 3 mg/ml Buddleja officinalis Maxim eye drops group were significantly different from those in the model group (P<0.01) and similar to the testosterone control group and the control group (P>0.05). Buddleja officinalis Maxim eye drops can improve the morphological structure of the lacrimal gland in the dry eye model of castrated rabbits.

scholarly journals The Protective Effect of Polygonum cuspidatum (PCE) Aqueous Extract in a Dry Eye Model

Nutrients ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1550 ◽  
Author(s):  
Bongkyun Park ◽  
Ik Lee ◽  
Soo-Wang Hyun ◽  
Kyuhyung Jo ◽  
Tae Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Inflammatory Cytokines ◽  
Aqueous Extract ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Lacrimal Gland ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Corneal Epithelial Cell ◽  
Heme Oxygenase 1 ◽  
Polygonum Cuspidatum

Dry eyes are caused by highly increased osmolarity of tear film, inflammation, and apoptosis of the ocular surface. In this study, we investigated the effect of Polygonum cuspidatum (PCE) aqueous extract in in vivo and in vitro dry eye models. Dry eye was induced by excision of the lacrimal gland and hyperosmotic media. In vivo, oral administration of PCE in exorbital lacrimal gland-excised rats recovered tear volume and Mucin4 (MUC4) expression by inhibiting corneal irregularity and expression of inflammatory cytokines. In vitro, hyperosmotic media induced human corneal epithelial cell (HCEC) cytotoxicity though increased inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidative stress. PCE treatment significantly inhibited expression of cyclooxygenase-2 and inflammatory cytokines (interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor-α), and activation of NF-κB p65 in hyperosmolar stress-induced HCECs. Hyperosmolarity-induced increase in Bcl-2-associated X protein (BAX) expression and activation of cleaved poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase and caspase 3 were attenuated in a concentration-dependent manner by PCE. PCE treatment restored anti-oxidative proteins such as heme oxygenase-1 (HO-1), superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD-1), and glutathione peroxidase (GPx) in hyperosmolar stress-induced HCECs. These data demonstrate that PCE prevents adverse changes in the ocular surface and tear fluid through inhibition of hyperosmolar stress-induced inflammation, apoptosis, and oxidation, suggesting that PCE may have the potential to preserve eye health.

scholarly journals The role of KPI-121 0.25% in the treatment of dry eye disease: penetrating the mucus barrier to treat periodic flares

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 ◽  
pp. 251584142110127
Author(s):  
Preeya K. Gupta ◽  
Nandini Venkateswaran
Keyword(s):  
Drug Delivery ◽  
Dry Eye ◽  
Ocular Surface ◽  
Dry Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Disease ◽  
Eye Drops ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Short Term Treatment ◽  
Loteprednol Etabonate ◽  
Mucus Barrier

The tear film, which includes mucins that adhere to foreign particles, rapidly clears allergens and pathogens from the ocular surface, protecting the underlying tissues. However, the tear film’s ability to efficiently remove foreign particles during blinking can also pose challenges for topical drug delivery, as traditional eye drops (solutions and suspensions) are cleared from the ocular surface before the drug can penetrate into the conjunctival and corneal epithelium. In the past 15 years, there has been an increase in the development of nanoparticles with specialized coatings that have reduced affinity to mucins and are small enough in size to pass through the mucus barrier. These mucus-penetrating particles (MPPs) have been shown to efficiently penetrate the mucus barrier and reach the ocular surface tissues. Dry eye disease (DED) is a common inflammatory ocular surface disorder that often presents with periodic flares (exacerbations). However, currently approved immunomodulatory treatments for DED are intended for long-term use. Thus, there is a need for effective short-term treatments that can address intermittent flares of DED. Loteprednol etabonate, an ocular corticosteroid, was engineered to break down rapidly after administration to the ocular surface tissues and thereby reduce risks associated with other topical steroids. KPI-121 is an ophthalmic suspension that uses the MPP technology to deliver loteprednol etabonate more efficiently to the ocular tissues, achieving in animal models a 3.6-fold greater penetration of loteprednol etabonate to the cornea than traditional loteprednol etabonate ophthalmic suspensions. In clinical trials, short-term treatment with KPI-121 0.25% significantly reduced signs and symptoms of DED compared with its vehicle (placebo). Recently approved KPI-121 0.25%, with its novel drug delivery design and ease of use, has the potential to effectively treat periodic flares of DED experienced by many patients.

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