scholarly journals Preventive Effect of Gonggan (Citrus Reticulata Blanco Var. Gonggan) Peel Extract on Ethanol/HCl-Induced Gastric Injury in Mice via an Anti-oxidative Mechanism

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ya Wu ◽  
Hua Jiang ◽  
Guangfang Chen ◽  
Xingxing Chen ◽  
Chengming Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Hydrochloric Acid ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Optical Microscope ◽  
Gastric Injury ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Gastric Tissue ◽  
Citrus Reticulata Blanco ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Peel Extract

Gonggan (Citrus reticulata Blanco var. gonggan) is one of the most popular citruses. In this study, the effect of Gonggan peel extract (GPE) on gastric injury was investigated. The components in GPE were analysed by HPLC and the gastric injury model in mice was established by ethanol/hydrochloric acid. After treatment by GPE, the pathological changes of gastric tissue were observed by optical microscope. The levels of oxidative stress and inflammation were measure by kit. And the mRNA expression of related gene was determined by qPCR assay. HPLC result showed GPE mainly contained the flavonoids narirutin, hesperidin, nobiletin, tangeretin and 5-demethylnobiletin. Morphological and pathological analysis of gastric tissue revealed that GPE could relieve gastric injury. Also, GPE increased the levels of SOD, GSH-Px, and CAT and decreased the level of MDA. Moreover, GPE decreased the levels of the inflammatory cytokines TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-1β, and IL-6 to suppress inflammation. In addition, the q-PCR results showed that GPE upregulated the mRNA expression of SOD1, SOD2, γ-GCS, GSH-Px, CAT, and IκBα and downregulated the mRNA expression of NF-κB. In conclusion, GPE alleviated gastric injury caused by ethanol/hydrochloric acid by inhibiting oxidative stress and the inflammatory response. The mechanism by which GPE protects gastric tissues may involve the antioxidative pathway. Therefore, GPE has great potential to be developed as a product to prevent gastric injury.

scholarly journals Splash mask formulation of tangerine (Citrus reticulata Blanco.) peel extract and turmeric (Curcuma longa L) extract as a whitening agent

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
pp. 341
Author(s):  
Framesti Frisma Sriarumtias ◽  
Nurul Auliasari
Keyword(s):  
Kojic Acid ◽  
Curcuma Longa ◽  
Citrus Reticulata ◽  
Tyrosinase Inhibition ◽  
Elisa Method ◽  
Tropical Country ◽  
Citrus Reticulata Blanco ◽  
Whitening Agent ◽  
Tyrosinase Enzyme ◽  
Peel Extract

<p class="abstract"><strong>Background:</strong> Indonesia is a tropical country that is exposed to the sun for 12 hours, one of the harm effects of sunlight which is damage to the skin. The purpose of this study was to determine tyrosinase inhibition of tangerin peel extract (<em>Citrus reticulata Blanco</em>.) from Garut, West Java, Indonesia then develop the splash mask from the extract.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Methods:</strong> The tangerine peel will be extracted by maceration method. The splash mask formulation containing tangerine peel extract which has a whitening agent. Tyrosinase inhibition determine by ELISA method with tyrosinase enzyme and L-DOPA substrat.<strong></strong></p><p class="abstract"><strong>Results:</strong> The results showed that tangerine peel extract had tyrosinase inhibition with the IC50 of 30.000 ppm, which has less effective than kojic acid with IC50 81,10 ppm. Splash mask containing of 1000x IC50, evaluation carried out for 28 days showed that preparations made pharmaceutically stable.</p><p class="abstract"><strong>Conclusions:</strong> In addition, the whitening agent of tangerine peel extract is in the weak category. It is hoped that this research can increase the value of tangerine peel waste.</p><p> </p>

Upregulation of osteopontin expression is involved in the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis in a dietary murine model

2004 ◽  
Vol 287 (1) ◽  
pp. G264-G273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Atul Sahai ◽  
Padmini Malladi ◽  
Hector Melin-Aldana ◽  
Richard M. Green ◽  
Peter F. Whitington
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor ◽  
Control Diet ◽  
Transforming Growth Factor Β ◽  
Collagen I ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Th1 Cytokine

The pathogenesis of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis (NASH) is poorly defined. Feeding mice a diet deficient in methionine and choline (MCD diet) induces experimental NASH. Osteopontin (OPN) is a Th1 cytokine that plays an important role in several fibroinflammatory diseases. We examined the role of OPN in the development of experimental NASH. A/J mice were fed MCD or control diet for up to 12 wk, and serum alanine aminotransferase (ALT), liver histology, oxidative stress, and the expressions of OPN, TNF-α, and collagen I were assessed at various time points. MCD diet-fed mice developed hepatic steatosis starting after 1 wk and inflammation by 2 wk; serum ALT increased from day 3. Hepatic collagen I mRNA expression increased during 1–4 wk, and fibrosis appeared at 8 wk. OPN protein expression was markedly increased on day 1 of MCD diet and persisted up to 8 wk, whereas OPN mRNA expression was increased at week 4. TNF-α expression was increased from day 3 to 2 wk, and evidence of oxidative stress did not appear until 8 wk. Increased expression of OPN was predominantly localized in hepatocytes. Hepatocytes in culture also produced OPN, which was stimulated by transforming growth factor-β and TNF-α. Moreover, MCD diet-induced increases in serum ALT levels, hepatic inflammation, and fibrosis were markedly reduced in OPN−/− mice when compared with OPN+/+ mice. In conclusion, our results demonstrate an upregulation of OPN expression early in the development of steatohepatitis and suggest an important role for OPN in signaling the onset of liver injury and fibrosis in experimental NASH.

scholarly journals Interplay of Biochemical, Genetic, and Immunohistochemical Factors in the Etio-Pathogenesis of Gastric Ulcer in Rats: A Comparative Study of the Effect of Pomegranate Loaded Nanoparticles Versus Pomegranate Peel Extract

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nessren M. Abd el-Rady ◽  
Marwa A. Dahpy ◽  
Amel Ahmed ◽  
Dalia A. Elgamal ◽  
Safy Hadiya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Nitric Oxide ◽  
Gastric Ulcer ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Herbal Extract ◽  
Pomegranate Peel ◽  
Stomach Mucosa ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Enos Mrna ◽  
Pomegranate Peel Extract ◽  
Peel Extract

BackgroundFew data are available about the role of herbal extract loaded nanoparticles as an alternative safe medicine for the management of a gastric ulcer.AimThis work is targeted at exploring the physiological effects of pomegranate loaded nanoparticles (PLN) against an indomethacin IND-induced gastric ulcer and comparing the results with traditional pomegranate peel extract (PPE).MethodsTwenty-four rats were equally distributed into four groups: control, IND-treated, PLN-treated, and PPE-treated groups. Gross examination of gastric mucosa, and the calculation of ulcer and inhibition indices were done. Serum malondialdehyde (MDA), total antioxidant capacity (TAC), interleukin 2 (IL-2), IL-6, IL-10, gastric homogenate prostaglandin E2 (PGE2), and nitric oxide (NO) were estimated. Mucosal endothelial nitric oxide synthase (eNOS mRNA) expression was identified by qPCR. Histological and immuno-histochemical staining of Tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and eNOS of stomach mucosa were performed.ResultsIn comparison with the control group, IND-treated rats showed visible multiple ulcers with ulcer index, serum MDA, IL-2 and IL-6 were elevated while IL-10, PGE2, NO, and eNOS mRNA expression were significantly reduced. Damaged surface epithelium with disrupted glandular architecture and heavy leucocyte infiltration of lamina propria was noticed. Immunohistochemical staining of stomach mucosa revealed marked increased TNF-α and reduced eNOS. Oral administration of PLN and PPE succeeded in improving the gross mucosal picture, and all biochemical, histological, and immunohistochemical alterations.ConclusionBoth PLN and PPE potently alleviated IND-induced gastric ulceration via increasing TAC, PGE2, NO, eNOS mRNA, and protein expression. However, the healing effect of PLN was obviously greater than PPE-treated rats.

Anti-inflammatory effect of two isoforms of COX in H. pylori-induced gastritis in mice: possible involvement of PGE2

2004 ◽  
Vol 286 (1) ◽  
pp. G148-G156 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tetsuya Tanigawa ◽  
Toshio Watanabe ◽  
Masaki Hamaguchi ◽  
Eiji Sasaki ◽  
Kazunari Tominaga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Epithelial Cell ◽  
Cell Apoptosis ◽  
Neutrophil Infiltration ◽  
Gastric Injury ◽  
Gastric Tissue ◽  
Cox Inhibitor ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Epithelial Cell Apoptosis ◽  
H Pylori ◽  
Cox 1

Neutrophil infiltration mediated by TNF-α is associated with various types of gastric injury, whereas PGs play a crucial role in gastric defense. We examined roles of two isoforms of cyclooxygenase (COX) and PGE2 in Helicobacter pylori-induced gastritis in mice. Mice infected with H. pylori were given selective COX-1 inhibitor SC-560 (10 mg/kg), selective COX-2 inhibitor NS-398 (10 mg/kg), or nonselective COX inhibitor indomethacin (2 mg/kg) with or without 16,16-dimethyl PGE2 for 1 wk. H. pylori infection increased levels of mRNA for COX-1 and -2 in gastric tissue by 1.2-fold and 3.3-fold, respectively, accompanied by a significant increase in PGE2 production by gastric tissue. H. pylori infection significantly elevated MPO activity, a marker of neutrophil infiltration, and epithelial cell apoptosis in the stomach. SC-560 augmented MPO activity and epithelial cell apoptosis with associated reduction in PGE2 production, whereas NS-398 had the same effects without affecting PGE2 production. Inhibition of both COX-1 and -2 by indomethacin or concurrent treatment with SC-560 and NS-398 resulted in a stronger increase in MPO activity and apoptosis than inhibition of either COX-1 or -2 alone. H. pylori infection elevated TNF-α mRNA expression in the stomach, which was further increased by indomethacin. Effects of COX inhibitors on neutrophil infiltration, apoptosis, and TNF-α expression in H. pylori-infected mice were abolished by exogenous 16,16-dimethyl PGE2. In conclusion, PGE2 derived from either COX-1 or -2 is involved in regulation of gastric mucosal inflammation and contributes to maintenance of mucosal integrity during H. pylori infection via inhibition of TNF-α expression.

Thymoquinone ameliorates NLRP3-mediated inflammation in the pancreas of albino Wistar rats fed ethanol and high-fat diet

2015 ◽  
Vol 26 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Suguna Periyanayagam ◽  
Geetha Arumugam ◽  
Aruna Ravikumar ◽  
Vijaiyan Siva Ganesan
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Protein Expression ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
High Fat Diet ◽  
Wistar Rats ◽  
Inflammatory Activity ◽  
High Fat ◽  
Caspase 1 ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

AbstractInflammasomes are protein complexes that mediate the process of inflammation and tissue injury by regulating the level of cytokine production. Pancreatitis is a major gastrointestinal disorder characterized by painful inflammation in the pancreas. The aim of this study was to evaluate whether thymoquinone (TQ) exerts anti-inflammatory activity by influencing the expression of the apoptosis-associated speck-like protein (ASC) complex of NOD-like receptor pyrin domain containing 3 (NLRP3) inflammasomes in rats subjected to experimental pancreatitis.Male albino Wistar rats were randomly separated into four groups. Rats in groups 1 and 2 were fed with a normal diet for 90 days, and rats in groups 3 and 4 were administered with ethanol (EtOH) 8–12 g/kg/day orally and fed with a high-fat diet (HFD) for 90 days. In addition, rats in groups 2 and 4 were administered with 100 mg/kg body weight of TQ from the 31st day. The serum lipase (L)/amylase (A) ratio; the oxidative stress markers; the GSH/GSSG ratio; the mRNA expression of ASC, caspase-1, IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α; and the protein expression of ASC and caspase-1 in the pancreas were assessed.We observed a significant increase in the serum L/A ratio and oxidative stress, a decrease in the GSH/GSSG ratio, and a GST activity in EtOH- and HFD-fed rats. The mRNA expression of IL-1β, IL-18, and TNF-α was significantly reduced in TQ-coadministered rats than that in EtOH- and HFD-fed rats. The upregulation of mRNA and the protein expression of ASC and caspase-1 were significantly reduced in TQ-coadministered rats.TQ exerts the anti-inflammatory activity probably by downregulating the ASC expression to minimize the maturation of proinflammatory cytokines.

scholarly journals The Effects of Royal Jelly Acid, 10-Hydroxy-Trans-2-Decenoic Acid, on Neuroinflammation and Oxidative Stress in Astrocytes Stimulated with Lipopolysaccharide and Hydrogen Peroxide

Immuno ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (3) ◽  
pp. 212-222
Author(s):  
Amira Mohammed Ali ◽  
Hiroshi Kunugi
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Royal Jelly ◽  
Decenoic Acid ◽  
Expression Of Genes ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Main Fatty Acid ◽  
The Central Nervous System ◽  
Factor Α

The increased prevalence of neurodegenerative diseases, especially during the COVID-19 outbreak, necessitates the search for natural immune- and cognitive-enhancing agents. 10-Hydroxy-trans-2-decenoic acid (10-H2DA), the main fatty acid of royal jelly, has several pharmacological activities. Given the fundamental role of astrocytes in regulating immune responses of the central nervous system, we used cortical astrocytes to examine the effect of 10-H2DA on the expression of genes associated with neuroinflammation and the production of neurotrophins, as well as cellular resistance to H2O2-induced cytotoxicity. Astrocytes, pretreated with a range of concentrations of 10-H2DA for 24 h, were exposed to lipopolysaccharide (LPS) for 3 h, after which the expression of proinflammatory cytokines (IL-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α)) and neurotrophic factors (BDNF, GDNF, and IGF-1) was evaluated. In the absence of LPS, 10-H2DA had no significant effect on the mRNA expression of neurotrophins or cytokines except for IL-1β, which significantly increased with low doses of 10-H2DA (3 µM). 10-H2DA (10 µM) pretreatment of LPS-stimulated cells did not significantly inhibit the expression of cytokine encoding genes; however, it significantly lowered the mRNA expression of GDNF and tended to decrease BDNF and IGF-1 expression compared with LPS alone. Additionally, 10-H2DA did not protect astrocytes against H2O2-induced oxidative stress. Our data indicate no anti-inflammatory, antioxidant, or neurotrophic effect of 10-H2DA in astrocytes undergoing inflammation or oxidative stress. The effect of IGF-1 inhibition by 10-H2DA on neuronal ketogenesis needs investigation.

scholarly journals Molecular Evidence of the Inhibitory Potential of Melatonin against NaAsO2-Induced Aging in Male Rats

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (21) ◽  
pp. 6603
Author(s):  
Maryam Baeeri ◽  
Tina Didari ◽  
Madiha Khalid ◽  
Solmaz Mohammadi-Nejad ◽  
Seyed Mojtaba Daghighi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Mrna Expression ◽  
Tissue Injury ◽  
High Mobility ◽  
Male Rats ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Molecular Evidence ◽  
Death Domain ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Tnf Α

Arsenic (As) poisoning is widespread due to exposure to pollution. The toxic level of (As) causes oxidative stress-induced aging and tissue damage. Since melatonin (MLT) has anti-oxidant and anti-aging properties, we aimed to evaluate the protective effect of MLT against the toxicity of sodium arsenite (NaAsO2). Healthy male NMRI mice were divided into eight different groups. The control group received a standard regular diet. Other groups were treated with varying diets, including MLT alone, NaAsO2, and NaAsO2 plus MLT. After one month of treatment, biochemical and pathological tests were performed on blood, heart, and lung tissue samples. NaAsO2 increased the levels of TNF-α, 8-hydroxy-2-deoxy guanosine (8OHdG), malondialdehyde (MDA), reactive oxygen species (ROS), and high mobility group box 1 (HMGB1), increased the expression of TNF receptor type 1-associated death domain (TRADD) mRNA and telomerase reverse transcriptase, and decreased the expression of Klotho (KL) mRNA in both plasma and tissues. In contrast, MLT reduced MDA, ROS, HMGB1, lactate, and TNF-α enhanced the mRNA expression of KL, and suppressed the mRNA expression of the TERT and TRADD genes. Thus, MLT confers potent protection against NaAsO2- induced tissue injury and oxidative stress.

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