scholarly journals Phytochemical Studies on Two Unexplored Endemic Medicinal Plants of India, Barleria terminalis and Calacanthus grandiflorus

2022 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Shreedhar S. Otari ◽  
Suraj B. Patel ◽  
Manoj M. Lekhak ◽  
Savaliram G. Ghane

Barleria terminalis Nees and Calacanthus grandiflorus (Dalzell) Radlk. are endemic medicinal plants of the Western Ghats of India. The aim of the present research work was to investigate phytochemical profile, potent bioactives using RP-HPLC, LC-MS and GC-MS and to evaluate their bioactivities. Acetone was found to be the best extraction medium for separating phytochemicals. Similarly, acetone and methanol extracts exhibited potential antioxidant properties. Ethanol extract of B. terminalis stem showed potent acetylcholinesterase (AChE) (89.10 ± 0.26%) inhibitory activity. Inhibition of α-amylase (36.96 ± 2.96%) activity was observed the best in ethanol extract of B. terminalis leaves and α-glucosidase inhibitory activity (94.33 ± 0.73%) in ethanol extract of C. grandiflorus stem. RP-HPLC analysis confirmed the presence of several phenolic compounds (gallic acid, hydroxybenzoic acid, vanillic acid, chlorogenic acid and coumaric acid) and phenylethanoid glycoside (verbascoside). The highest phenolics content were observed in B. terminalis (GA (4.17 ± 0.002), HBA (3.88 ± 0.001), VA (4.54 ± 0.001), CHLA (0.55 ± 0.004) mg/g DW, respectively). Similarly, LC-MS and GC-MS revealed the presence of phenolics, glycosides, terpenes, steroids, fatty acids, etc. Moreover, positive correlation between studied phytochemicals and antioxidants was observed in principal component analysis. Based on the present investigation, we conclude that B. terminalis and C. grandiflorus can be further explored for their active principles particularly, phenylethanoid glycosides and iridoids and their use in drug industry for pharmaceutical purposes.

2015 ◽  
Vol 2015 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ki Moon Park ◽  
Kyung Min Kwon ◽  
Seung Ho Lee

Since mushrooms have many bioactive components, they have been used as components in folk medicine. Because mycelium has an advantage when it comes to large-scale production, this study aimed to evaluate the antioxidant properties and anti-tyrosinase activity from 55 mycelia in culture media. Relatively high 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) scavenging capacity was detected from the ethanol extract of culture media including mycelium (EECiM) ofMorchella esculentavar.esculenta(MEVE),Auricularia polytricha(APO),Tremella aurantia(TAU),Volvariella bombycina(VBO), andOudemansiellasp. (Osp), which also showed strong reducing power and inhibitory activity in relation to the thiobarbituric acid (TBA) value. On the other hand, relatively high tyrosinase inhibitory activity was detected inInonotus mikadoi(IMI),Coriolus versicolor(CVE),Volvariella volvacea(VVO),Panellus serotinus(PSE),Auricularia auricula(AAU), andFomitopsissp. (Fsp). Interestingly, the APO EECiM exhibited the highest DPPH radical scavenging rate (77.5 ± 4.3%) and reducing power (1.18 ± 0.041), while the highest inhibitory power of the TBA value and antityrosinase activity were detected in that of TAU (64.5 ± 4.1%) and IMI (46.0 ± 7.5%), respectively. Overall, our study suggested potential candidates for EECiMs that exhibited powerful antioxidant and tyrosinase inhibitory properties and might be used as natural antioxidant tyrosinase inhibitor.


Author(s):  
H Mahmood ◽  
Q Ali ◽  
MM Hafeez ◽  
A Malik

The present study was carried out for the evaluation of antioxidant activities of clover (Syzygium aromatium L.) and cinnamon (Cinnamomum verum L.). The research work was carried out at the Institute of Molecular Biology, University of Lahore. The samples of clovers and cinnamon were collected from Lahore and were crushed to prepared sample in n-hexan, and ethanol extracts for evaluation of antioxidant activities. The highest antioxidant activities of ethanol extract from cinnamon indicated that the cinnamon may be used as an active ingredient to control stress conditions of cells for stress avoidance. The alkaloids, coumarins, saponins, flavonoids, tannins, sterols, quinons, triterpenoids, anthocyans, leucoanthocyans and terpenoids were tested for both ethanol and n-hexan extracts which indicated that most of the components were found present in both of the plant species, which revealed that these herbal plant seeds may be used as potential medicinal plants.


2021 ◽  
Vol 4 (3) ◽  
pp. 202-209
Author(s):  
Eris Septiana ◽  
Nurul Maulida Rizka ◽  
Yadi Yadi ◽  
Partomuan Simanjuntak

Traditionally and scientifically, research has shown that Orthosiphon aristatus and Oryza sativa L. var. glutinosa have antidiabetic activity. The combination of two medicinal plants can increase their biological activity. This study aimed to determine the antidiabetic activity of O. aristatus and O. sativa L. var. glutinosa on single and combined extracts. Phytochemical screening of the single extract was done qualitatively. The α-glucosidase inhibitory method was used as an antidiabetic activity. The results showed that every extract contained alkaloids, steroids/triterpenoids, flavonoids, tannins, quinones, and coumarins. A single extract of O. sativa L. var glutinosa, O. aristatus, and their combinations (1:1, 1:2, and 2:1) had an α-glucosidase enzyme inhibitory activity with an IC50 value of 67.82, 80.93, 73.81, 88.72, and 61.51 µg/ml, respectively. The combination shows that the ratio of 1:1 was nearly additive, 1:2 was slight to moderate antagonism, and 2:1 was moderate to slight synergism. The combination of 96% ethanol extract of O. sativa L. var. glutinosa and O. aristatus in a ratio of 2:1 was the most effective in increasing its inhibitory activity.


2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (2) ◽  
pp. 213-219 ◽  
Author(s):  
Margaret O. Ilomuanya ◽  
Thomas Akhimien ◽  
Chinelo Aghaizu ◽  
Oluwatobiloba Adeyinka ◽  
Tolulope Ajayi

The use of antioxidants is an effective approach to prevent symptoms related to photo-induced aging of the skin. The aim of this research work was to formulate and evaluate a polyherbal antioxidant face cream using the ethanol extracts of Tetracarpidium conophorum and Ocimum gratissimum. The ethanol extract of the herbs was incorporated at varying concentrations into six different emulsion bases. Antioxidant activity of the formulations was assessed using 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl method. The formulations were evaluated for pH, viscosity, spreadability and microbial content. Accelerated stability tests were performed on all the formulations to assess stability at varying storage conditions. All the formulations showed good spreadability, good consistency, homogeneity, appearance, pH and no phase separation occurred. Non-Newtonian pseudo-plastic flow influenced by increased shear was experienced by all the formulations. Concentration dependent antioxidant activity was observed with FC2 and FC4 showing the highest antioxidant activity with IC50 value of 80.1 and 83.2 μg/ml, respectively. The polyherbal antioxidant preparation containing extracts of T. conophorum and O. gratissimum shown to exhibit excellent antioxidant properties. It can serve to protect the skin from reactive oxygen species created by UV radiation and environmental toxin, thus protecting the skin from photo aging. Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 17(2): 213-219, 2018 (December)


2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 2139-2146
Author(s):  
Shanthi S

The Mussaenda frondosa Linn. belonging to the family Rubiaceae, commonly known as Sriparnah in Sanskrit, is a scandent shrub traditionally used in the treatment of cough, bronchitis, fever, inflammation, wounds, ulcers, jaundice, leucoderma and pruritus. Though it is an important plant, till date, no pharmacognostical reports have been available on its leaf. Therefore, the present investigation was undertaken to ascertain the requisite pharmacognostical standards for the standardization of the Mussaenda frondosa leaves. Various investigations like Pharmacognostical studies, preliminary phytochemical screening and High-Performance Thin Layer Chromatography (HPTLC) analysis were carried out, and the salient qualitative parameters were reported. Microscopical evaluation of the leaf revealed the presence of paracytic stomata, microcrystal’s, Idioblast, collenchymas, sand crystals and unicellular unbranched covering Trichomes. The presence of flavonoids, steroids, glycosides, mucilage, saponins and proteins were confirmed through Preliminary phytochemical studies. The HPTLC profile of ethanol extract from M. frondosa L. revealed ten phytoconstituents of Rf value ranging from 0.11 to 0.88. The significant peaks are observed at Rf  values of  0.11, 0.16,  0.23 and 0.81. These findings provide referential information for correct identification and standardization of the Musssaenda frondosa leaves, even in powder form. This information will also be useful to distinguish Mussaenda frondosa from the closely related other species of Mussaenda. The Pharmacognostic and phytochemical profiles reported in this research work for Mussaenda frondosa may play a major role in setting monograph of the plant, which might be helpful in proper identification of the plant. 


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