scholarly journals Molecular Characterization and Functional Analysis of the Hb-hsp90-1 Gene in Relation to Temperature Changes in Heterorhabditis bacteriophora

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elena Fanelli ◽  
Alberto Troccoli ◽  
Eustachio Tarasco ◽  
Francesca De Luca
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Heat Shock Protein 90 ◽  
Local Environment ◽  
Recovery Process ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Temperature Changes

Understanding how entomopathogenic nematodes respond to temperature changes and have adapted to the local environment is crucial to improve their potential as biocontrol agents. In order to improve understanding of Heterorhabditis bacteriophora’s potential adaptability to future climate changes, full-length cDNA and the corresponding gene of heat shock protein 90 (Hsp90) were isolated and fully characterized. The reproductive potential of the Apulian strain of H. bacteriophora increased when the temperature rose from 23 to 30°C, but no reproduction was found at 12°C. Expression analyses revealed that Hb-hsp90-1 was differentially expressed in Infective Juveniles (IJs) and adults (hermaphrodites, females and males). Up-regulation of Hb-hsp90-1 was higher during the recovery process in Galleria mellonella larvae than adults, thus confirming the protective role of Hb-hsp90-1 in coping with the host environment. Silencing of Hb-hsp90-1 resulted in a significant reduction (76%) in the expression level. Silenced IJs took longer than untreated nematodes to infect G. mellonella, showing that Hb-hsp90-1 could be also involved in chemosensation. Furthermore, the number of adults and IJs recovered from G. mellonella infected with silenced nematodes and incubated at 30°C was higher than that obtained from G. mellonella infected with untreated nematodes. These data confirm the crucial role of Hb-hsp90-1 allowing acclimation to increased temperatures and modulation of the recovery process.

scholarly journals A survey of entomopathogenic nematodes of the families Steinernematidae and Heterorhabditidae (Nematoda: Rhabditida) in the north-west of Iran

Nematology ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 107-116 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naser Eivazian Kary ◽  
Gholamreza Niknam ◽  
Seyed Abolgasem Mohammadi ◽  
Christine Griffin ◽  
Mohammad Moghaddam
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Common Species ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Steinernema Carpocapsae ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
North West ◽  
The North ◽  
First Time

AbstractDuring 2002-2004, a survey of entomopathogenic nematodes was conducted for the first time in Iran throughout the three provinces in the north-west of the country. Soil samples were tested for the presence of steinernematid and heterorhabditid nematodes by baiting with Galleria mellonella larvae. Of the 833 soil samples studied 27 were positive for entomopathogenic nematodes (3.2%), with 17 (2.0%) containing Heterorhabditis and ten (1.2%) Steinernema isolates. Morphological and molecular studies were carried out to characterise isolates. The Heterorhabditis isolates were identified as Heterorhabditis bacteriophora and Steinernema as Steinernema carpocapsae, S. bicornutum and S. feltiae. Heterorhabditis bacteriophora was the most common species, which was isolated from 17 sites across the three provinces. Steinernema feltiae was the most common species of Steinernema, which was isolated from eight sites but in only two provinces. Steinernema carpocapsae and S. bicornutum were each isolated from only one site. Steinernema spp. were isolated mainly from orchards and grasslands but Heterorhabditis was isolated mainly from grasslands and alfalfa fields.

Analysis of two isolates of a Heterorhabditis bacteriophora population detected in Córdoba, Argentina

Nematology ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 473-476
Author(s):  
María Bertolotti ◽  
Gladys De Sousa ◽  
Mónica Valenzuela ◽  
María M.A. De Doucet
Keyword(s):  
Soil Sample ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Symbiotic Bacteria ◽  
Taxonomic Character ◽  
Morphometric Characters ◽  
Isozyme Patterns ◽  
Taxonomic Studies

AbstractEntomopathogenic nematodes of the genus Heterorhabditis are associated with symbiotic bacteria Photorhabdus spp. (Enterobacteriaceae). Taxonomic studies confirm that each species of nematode has a specific natural association with only one species of bacterium (Boemare & Doucet, 1996). Except in a few cases, the bacteria change the colour of the parasitized insect to different reddish tones and produce bioluminescence (Grimont et al., 1984; Boemare & Doucet, 1996). These distinct colours would be assumed to be due to the different species of Photorhabdus and, consequently, to indicate different species of Heterorhabditis. Therefore, the colour of the cadaver has been used as a taxonomic character (Stock, 1993). In a single soil sample from Córdoba City, Argentina, two isolates of Heterorhabditis were found that were clearly distinguished by the colour of the parasitized Galleria mellonella larva: isolate A, violet-brown; B, reddish. These different phenotypes led us to suppose that the nematode isolates were associated with different symbiotic bacteria and that the nematodes were different species. The purposes of this work were: to establish the identity of the isolates and to compare them on the basis of morphological and morphometric characters, and isozyme patterns.

scholarly journals Virulence comparisons of high-temperature-adapted Heterorhabditis bacteriophora, Steinernema feltiae and S. carpocapsae

2015 ◽  
Vol 52 (2) ◽  
pp. 118-122 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. A. Susurluk ◽  
T. C. Ulu
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Nematode Species ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Safe Alternative ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Environmentally Safe

Summary Entomopathogenic nematodes (EPNs) are environmentally safe alternative control agents. Nematodes in the Heterorhabditidae and Steinernematidae families are widely used in biological control frameworks, especially for soil-inhabiting insect pests. In this experiment, Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (Poinar, 1976), Steinernema feltiae (Filipjev, 1934) and S. carpocapsae (Weiser, 1955) adapted at high temperature were assessed in order to detect differences in virulence between adapted and non-adapted populations. All species were exposed to 38 °C for 2 h. After this treatment, live infective juveniles (IJs) were used to infect to last instar Galleria mellonella (Linnaeus, 1758). larvae at the following doses: 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5 IJs/larva. The LD50 and LD90 were obtained for these species. Non-adapted populations of the nematode species were used as controls for this experiment. The results indicated that differences in S. feltiae and S. carpocapsae virulence between the adapted and non-adapted populations were significant; no significant difference was observed between the adapted and non-adapted H. bacteriophora populations.

Cellular reactions of the white grub larvae, Polyphylla adspersa, against entomopathogenic nematodes

Nematology ◽  
2014 ◽  
Vol 16 (9) ◽  
pp. 1047-1058 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jamileh Alvandi ◽  
Javad Karimi ◽  
Gary B. Dunphy
Keyword(s):  
Larval Stage ◽  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Post Injection ◽  
White Grub ◽  
Maximum Percentage ◽  
Steinernema Glaseri ◽  
Encapsulation Rate

The haemocyte reactions of the white grub larvae Polyphylla adspersa to entomopathogenic nematodes (EPN), together with the host haemocyte types, have been studied. Six types of identified haemocytes included the prohaemocytes, granulocytes, plasmatocytes, oenocytoids, coagulocytes and spherulocytes. The granulocytes were the dominant (65.2%) haemocyte type followed by the plasmatocytes (22.1%). Both haemocyte types encapsulate EPN. White grub larvae and last larval stage of Galleria mellonella were individually infected with monoxenic Heterorhabditis bacteriophora or Steinernema glaseri. The maximum total haemocyte counts (THC) level of the white grub larvae against the nematode S. glaseri occurred at 12 h post-injection. In addition, by 8 h post-injection, the granulocyte and plasmatocyte levels decreased. The cell reactions of the grubs against H. bacteriophora in terms of THC and differential haemocyte counts and the encapsulation rate started earlier and were more pronounced than those against S. glaseri. The maximum percentage of the encapsulation observed in the white grub larvae against S. glaseri (27.3 ± 0.7%) and H. bacteriophora (36.5 ± 3.5%) occurred at 12 and 8 h post-injection, respectively. EPN-triggered encapsulation in P. adspersa larvae was more extensive than in G. mellonella larvae.

Influence of temperature on the vertical movement of the entomopathogenic nematodes Steinernema feltiae (TUR-S3) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (TUR-H2), and infectivity of the moving nematodes

Nematology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 137-141 ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Alper Susurluk
Keyword(s):  
Entomopathogenic Nematodes ◽  
Galleria Mellonella ◽  
Heterorhabditis Bacteriophora ◽  
Vertical Movement ◽  
Steinernema Feltiae ◽  
Dispersal Ability ◽  
Searching Behaviour ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Influence Of Temperature On ◽  
Positive Correlations

Abstract The vertical movement of Turkish isolates of Steinernema feltiae (TUR-S3) and Heterorhabditis bacteriophora (TURH2) was compared at different temperatures in the presence and absence of larvae of the host insect, Galleria mellonella. Nematodes of both species moved faster towards the bottom of the column when an insect was placed there. Steinernema feltiae showed greater vertical dispersal ability than H. bacteriophora. The vertical movement of both species increased as the temperature increased and lower temperatures depressed the movement of H. bacteriophora more than S. feltiae. The nematodes that had migrated different distances were compared for their infectivity to G. mellonella and the positive correlations between distance travelled and infectivity indicate that there is a link between host searching behaviour and infection behaviour in S. feltiae and, to a lesser extent, also in H. bacteriophora.

scholarly journals The Role of Oxidative Stress and Natural Antioxidants in Ovarian Aging

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liuqing Yang ◽  
Yun Chen ◽  
Yan Liu ◽  
Yu Xing ◽  
Chenyun Miao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Reproductive Potential ◽  
Natural Antioxidants ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Therapeutic Interventions ◽  
Telomere Shortening ◽  
Ovarian Aging ◽  
Promising Strategy ◽  
Apoptosis And Inflammation

The ovarian system comprises vital organs in females and is of great significance for the maintenance of reproductive potential and endocrine stability. Although complex pathogenesis undoubtedly contributes to ovarian aging, increasing attention is being paid to the extensive influence of oxidative stress. However, the role of oxidative stress in ovarian aging is yet to be fully elucidated. Exploring oxidative stress-related processes might be a promising strategy against ovarian aging. In this review, compelling evidence is shown that oxidative stress plays a role in the etiology of ovarian aging and promotes the development of other ovarian aging-related etiologies, including telomere shortening, mitochondrial dysfunction, apoptosis, and inflammation. In addition, some natural antioxidants such as quercetin, resveratrol, and curcumin have a protective role in the ovaries through multiple mechanisms. These findings raise the prospect of oxidative stress modulator-natural antioxidants as therapeutic interventions for delaying ovarian aging.

Protective role of peroxiredoxin-4 in heart failure

2020 ◽  
Vol 134 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-72
Author(s):  
Naseer Ahmed ◽  
Masooma Naseem ◽  
Javeria Farooq
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Cardiac Fibroblasts ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Oxidative Stress Markers ◽  
Stress Markers ◽  
Total Antioxidant ◽  
Galectin 3 ◽  
Consequent Increase ◽  
And Oxidative Stress

Abstract Recently, we have read with great interest the article published by Ibarrola et al. (Clin. Sci. (Lond.) (2018) 132, 1471–1485), which used proteomics and immunodetection methods to show that Galectin-3 (Gal-3) down-regulated the antioxidant peroxiredoxin-4 (Prx-4) in cardiac fibroblasts. Authors concluded that ‘antioxidant activity of Prx-4 had been identified as a protein down-regulated by Gal-3. Moreover, Gal-3 induced a decrease in total antioxidant capacity which resulted in a consequent increase in peroxide levels and oxidative stress markers in cardiac fibroblasts.’ We would like to point out some results stated in the article that need further investigation and more detailed discussion to clarify certain factors involved in the protective role of Prx-4 in heart failure.

Parenting Behaviors and Anxiety in Young Adults

2015 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 170-176 ◽  
Author(s):  
Erin N. Stevens ◽  
Joseph R. Bardeen ◽  
Kyle W. Murdock
Keyword(s):  
Effortful Control ◽  
Parenting Behaviors ◽  
Protective Role ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Interactive Effects ◽  
Parental Overprotection ◽  
High Control ◽  
Development Of Anxiety ◽  
The Relationship

Parenting behaviors – specifically behaviors characterized by high control, intrusiveness, rejection, and overprotection – and effortful control have each been implicated in the development of anxiety pathology. However, little research has examined the protective role of effortful control in the relation between parenting and anxiety symptoms, specifically among adults. Thus, we sought to explore the unique and interactive effects of parenting and effortful control on anxiety among adults (N = 162). Results suggest that effortful control uniquely contributes to anxiety symptoms above and beyond that of any parenting behavior. Furthermore, effortful control acted as a moderator of the relationship between parental overprotection and anxiety, such that overprotection is associated with anxiety only in individuals with lower levels of effortful control. Implications for potential prevention and intervention efforts which specifically target effortful control are discussed. These findings underscore the importance of considering individual differences in self-regulatory abilities when examining associations between putative early-life risk factors, such as parenting, and anxiety symptoms.

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