scholarly journals Bursting Rate Variability

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Roberto Martin del Campo Vera ◽  
Edmond Jonckheere
Keyword(s):  
Wavelet Decomposition ◽  
Empirical Distribution ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Wavelet Packets ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Semg Signal ◽  
Return Times ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Semg Activity

In this paper, a new electromyographic phenomenon, referred to as Bursting Rate Variability (BRV), is reported. Not only does it manifest itself visually as a train of short periods of accrued surface electromyographic (sEMG) activity in the traces, but it has a deeper underpinning because the sEMG bursts are synchronous with wavelet packets in the D8 subband of the Daubechies 3 (db3) wavelet decomposition of the raw signal referred to as “D8 doublets”—which are absent during muscle relaxation. Moreover, the db3 wavelet decomposition reconstructs the entire sEMG bursts with two contiguous relatively high detail coefficients at level 8, suggesting a high incidence of two consecutive neuronal discharges. Most importantly, the timing between successive bursts shows some variability, hence the BRV acronym. Contrary to Heart Rate Variability (HRV), where the R-wave is easily identified, here, time-localization of the burst requires a statistical waveform matching between the “D8 doublet” and the burst in the raw sEMG signal. Furthermore, statistical fitting of the empirical distribution of return times shows a striking difference between control and quadriplegic subjects. Finally, the BRV rate appears to be within 60–88 bursts per minute on average among 9 human subjects, suggesting a possible connection between BRV and HRV.

scholarly journals Characterization of motor units in behaving adult mice shows a wide primary range

2014 ◽  
Vol 112 (3) ◽  
pp. 543-551 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura K. Ritter ◽  
Matthew C. Tresch ◽  
C. J. Heckman ◽  
Marin Manuel ◽  
Vicki M. Tysseling
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Motor Units ◽  
Quiet Standing ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Firing Patterns ◽  
Adult Mice ◽  
Firing Range ◽  
Synaptic Noise ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Fast Twitch

The mouse is essential for genetic studies of motor function in both normal and pathological states. Thus it is important to consider whether the structure of motor output from the mouse is in fact analogous to that recorded in other animals. There is a striking difference in the basic electrical properties of mouse motoneurons compared with those in rats, cats, and humans. The firing evoked by injected currents produces a unique frequency-current (F-I) function that emphasizes recruitment of motor units at their maximum force. These F-I functions, however, were measured in anesthetized preparations that lacked two key components of normal synaptic input: high levels of synaptic noise and neuromodulatory inputs. Recent studies suggest that the alterations in the F-I function due to these two components are essential for recreating firing behavior of motor units in human subjects. In this study we provide the first data on firing patterns of motor units in the awake mouse, focusing on steady output in quiet stance. The resulting firing patterns did not match the predictions from the mouse F-I behaviors but instead revealed rate modulation across a remarkably wide range (10–60 Hz). The low end of the firing range may be due to changes in the F-I relation induced by synaptic noise and neuromodulatory inputs. The high end of the range may indicate that, unlike other species, quiet standing in the mouse involves recruitment of relatively fast-twitch motor units.

scholarly journals Intervensi Untuk Mengatasi Mual Antisipatori Pada Pasien Kanker Yang Menjalani Kemoterapi: A Litelatur Review

2019 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 65 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dadi Hamdani ◽  
Anggorowati Anggorowati
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Patients ◽  
Behavioral Treatment ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Intervention Group ◽  
Progressive Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Anticipatory Nausea ◽  
Reduction Techniques ◽  
Positive Effect

Intervensi Untuk Mengatasi Mual AntisipatoriPada Pasien Kanker Yang Menjalani KemoterapiLitelatur ReviewDadi Hamdani.1 Anggorowati.2 Awal Prasetyo.31 Departemen Ilmu Keperawatan, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia2 Departemen Ilmu Keperawatan, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, Indonesia3 Departemen Ilmu Kedokteran, Fakultas Kedokteran Universitas Diponegoro, Semarang, IndonesiaEmail: [email protected] AbstrakLatar Belakang: Gejala mual muntah merupakan salah satu efek samping yang berat akibat pemberian obat kanker yang membuat stres pasien. Akibatnya, 27% pasien memilih menghentikan siklus terapi sehingga berpengaruh terhadap harapan hidupnya. Tujuan Utama : Menjelaskan berbagai intervensi untuk mengatasi mual antisipatori yang dialami pasien kanker yang menjalani kemoterapi. Metodologi : Basis data elektronik diidentifikasi dari EBSCO, Springer PubMed, Science Direct dan ProQuest dengan kata kunci: intervensi, mual, muntah, antisipatori, kanker dan kemoterapi. Kriteria inklusi dalam penelitian ini adalah artikel diterbitkan pada tahun 2009 – 2019, tersedia dalam teks lengkap, artikel menggunakan bahasa Inggris, dengan subyek manusia, desain RCT. Artikel terjaring adalah 7 artikel penelitian eksperimental yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan PRISMA tanpa meta-analisis. Hasil : Sebanyak 7 artikel membahas tentang intervensi untuk menurunkan mual antisipatori terhadap pasien kanker yang menjalani kemoterapi. Semua penelitian pada kelompok intervensi memiliki efek positif dalam mengurangi mual dan muntah secara bermakna dengan nilai signifikansi: Satu artikel behavioral treatment (p<0,05), satu artikel Program yoga (p<0.01), dua artikel progressive muscle relaxation (p<0,05), satu artikel akupresur (p<0,05), dua artikel hipnoterapi (p<0,05). Kesimpulan : Intervensi hipnoterapi, progressive muscle relaxation, yoga, akupresur dan behavioral treatment merupakan teknik mengurangi mual antisipatori yang dialami oleh pasien kanker yang menjalani kemoterapi.Kata Kunci: intervensi; mual antisipatori; kanker; kemoterapi. Interventions To Reduce Anticipatory NauseaIn Cancer Patients Undergoing ChemotherapyAbstractBackground: Symptoms of nausea vomiting are one of the severe side effects due to the administration of cancer drugs that stress patients. As a result, 27% of patients choose to stop the therapy cycle so that it affects their life expectancy. Main Purpose: Describe various interventions to reduce the successful anticipatory nausea of cancer patients who support chemotherapy. Methodology: Basic electronic transmission data from EBSCO, Springer PubMed, Science Direct and ProQuest with keywords: intervention, nausea, vomiting, anticipatory, cancer and chemotherapy. The inclusion criteria in this study were articles published in 2009 - 2019, available in full text, articles using English, with human subjects, RCT designs. Netted articles were 7 experimental research articles which were then analyzed using PRISMA without meta-analysis. Results: A total of 7 articles discussed interventions to reduce anticipatory nausea for cancer patients who supported chemotherapy. Some studies in the intervention group have a positive effect in reducing nausea and vomiting. One behavioral care article (p<0,05), one yoga program article (p<0.01), two progressive muscle relaxation articles (p<0,05), one acupressure article (p<0,05), two hypnotherapy articles (p<0,05). Conclusion: Interventions in hypnotherapy, progressive muscle relaxation, yoga, acupressure and behavioral treatment are sexual anticipatory reduction techniques involving cancer patients who experience chemotherapy.Keywords: intervention; anticipatory nausea; cancer; chemotherapy.

Lactation and suckling in relation to early growth of the southern elephant seal, Mirounga leonina (L.)

1968 ◽  
Vol 16 (5) ◽  
pp. 739 ◽  
Author(s):  
MM Bryden
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Elephant Seal ◽  
Milk Composition ◽  
Southern Elephant Seal ◽  
Striking Difference ◽  
Mirounga Leonina ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Delayed Initiation

The growth rate of elephant seal pups during the suckling period is shown to be lower at Macquarie I. than at the Falkland Is. Dependencies. Earlier initiation of suckling and lower suckling frequency occurs in the more rapidly growing Falkland Is. seal pups. The analyses of the milk samples collected from Macquarie I. elephant seal cows at different stages of lactation are reported, and a striking difference in milk composition at the different stages is noted. An attempt to determine quantitatively the milk production of the elephant seal is described, and the inaccuracies of the methods used are discussed, with comments on how a better estimate could be obtained. It is concluded that the principal cause of depressed growth rate of elephant seal pups at Macquarie I. is disturbance within the harems. This disturbance has been alleviated to some extent at the Falkland Is. due to alteration in the structure of the population by long-term sealing operations. Indicative of disturbance within the harems at Macquarie I. were the high incidence of injury noted during dissection of 54 seal pups, the delayed initiation of sucking in new-born pups, and the higher frequency of sucking by pups.

Dysponesis Awareness Training: Surface Electromyographic Training for Increased Awareness and Facilitated Neck Muscle Relaxation

Biofeedback ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 142-149
Author(s):  
Richard Harvey ◽  
Erin Thorne ◽  
Jourdan McPhetridge
Keyword(s):  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Muscle Tension ◽  
Neck Muscle ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Somatic Awareness ◽  
Awareness Training ◽  
Subjective Awareness ◽  
Musculoskeletal Impairments ◽  
Training Protocol ◽  
Semg Activity

This study investigated a simple biofeedback-assisted training protocol for increasing somatic awareness as well as reducing dyponesis. Twelve normal, healthy volunteers with no known musculoskeletal impairments (mean age of 23.8 years) were trained to increase awareness of “wasted effort” in the neck muscles during a simple bending task. Surface electromyography (sEMG) signals were recorded from the midcervical paraspinal muscles (C-5) while the subject performed a forward fold, also described as a “toe touch” movement. The quantitative measures of sEMG activity were compared to a subjective measure of neck muscle tension. During the pretraining measurements, 11 of 12 participants reported no subjective awareness of increased neck muscle tension while bending in a forward fold “toe touch” position. After approximately 10 minutes of “dysponesis awareness training,” all participants had measurable reductions in neck muscle tension, as well as reductions in the subjective sense of tension while performing the forward fold exercise, as compared to pretraining. The 11 participants who increased their self-awareness following training reported not only feeling decreased neck muscle tension but also increased general relaxation levels. The findings suggest that most individuals may be unaware of increased muscle tension during simple activities such as a forward bend, yet may rapidly learn how to reduce dysponesis, such as unnecessary neck muscle overexertion during a forward bend. Furthermore, sEMG dysponesis awareness training could be adapted to rapidly train individuals such as athletes to reduce unnecessary muscle use.

Acoustic Impedance Measurement in the Study of Patients with Spasmodic Dysphonia

1973 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 250-255 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerald N. McCall
Keyword(s):  
Middle Ear ◽  
Acoustic Impedance ◽  
Muscle Relaxation ◽  
Impedance Measurement ◽  
Spasmodic Dysphonia ◽  
Muscle Dysfunction ◽  
Neurologic Involvement ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Neurogenic Dysfunction ◽  
Extrapyramidal Motor

The use of acoustic impedance measurement for the study of middle ear muscle dysfunction in patients with spasmodic dysphonia is advocated. Preliminary data reported here provide evidence of a high incidence of apparent middle ear muscle dysfunction in these patients. The findings appear to add further support to the theory of neurogenic dysfunction in spasmodic dysphonia. Observations of possible problems in muscle relaxation in some patients and tremor of the middle ear muscle(s) in others are interpreted as being suggestive of neurologic involvement of the extrapyramidal motor system.

The observation of defects on (100) CdTe surfaces by chemical etching

1992 ◽  
Vol 50 (2) ◽  
pp. 1424-1425
Author(s):  
M.E. Lee
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystal ◽  
Grain Boundaries ◽  
Single Crystals ◽  
Chemical Etching ◽  
Crystalline Perfection ◽  
Crystalline Defects ◽  
High Incidence ◽  
Crystallographic Defects ◽  
Cdznte Substrates ◽  
Device Technology

The crystalline perfection of bulk CdTe substrates plays an important role in their use in infrared device technology. The application of chemical etchants to determine crystal polarity or the density and distribution of crystallographic defects in (100) CdTe is not well understood. The lack of data on (100) CdTe surfaces is a result of the apparent difficulty in growing (100) CdTe single crystal substrates which is caused by a high incidence of twinning. Many etchants have been reported to predict polarity on one or both (111) CdTe planes but are considered to be unsuitable as defect etchants. An etchant reported recently has been considered to be a true defect etchant for CdTe, MCT and CdZnTe substrates. This etchant has been reported to reveal crystalline defects such as dislocations, grain boundaries and inclusions in (110) and (111) CdTe. In this study the effect of this new etchant on (100) CdTe surfaces is investigated.The single crystals used in this study were (100) CdTe as-cut slices (1mm thickness) from Bridgman-grown ingots.

Elevated level of circulatory sTLT1 induces inflammation through SYK/MEK/ERK signalling in coronary artery disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 133 (22) ◽  
pp. 2283-2299
Author(s):  
Apabrita Ayan Das ◽  
Devasmita Chakravarty ◽  
Debmalya Bhunia ◽  
Surajit Ghosh ◽  
Prakash C. Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Coronary Artery Disease ◽  
Coronary Artery ◽  
Chronic Inflammation ◽  
Ex Vivo ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
Critical Role ◽  
Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease ◽  
Tnf Α ◽  
Artery Disease

Abstract The role of inflammation in all phases of atherosclerotic process is well established and soluble TREM-like transcript 1 (sTLT1) is reported to be associated with chronic inflammation. Yet, no information is available about the involvement of sTLT1 in atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease. Present study was undertaken to determine the pathophysiological significance of sTLT1 in atherosclerosis by employing an observational study on human subjects (n=117) followed by experiments in human macrophages and atherosclerotic apolipoprotein E (apoE)−/− mice. Plasma level of sTLT1 was found to be significantly (P<0.05) higher in clinical (2342 ± 184 pg/ml) and subclinical cases (1773 ± 118 pg/ml) than healthy controls (461 ± 57 pg/ml). Moreover, statistical analyses further indicated that sTLT1 was not only associated with common risk factors for Coronary Artery Disease (CAD) in both clinical and subclinical groups but also strongly correlated with disease severity. Ex vivo studies on macrophages showed that sTLT1 interacts with Fcɣ receptor I (FcɣRI) to activate spleen tyrosine kinase (SYK)-mediated downstream MAP kinase signalling cascade to activate nuclear factor-κ B (NF-kB). Activation of NF-kB induces secretion of tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) from macrophage cells that plays pivotal role in governing the persistence of chronic inflammation. Atherosclerotic apoE−/− mice also showed high levels of sTLT1 and TNF-α in nearly occluded aortic stage indicating the contribution of sTLT1 in inflammation. Our results clearly demonstrate that sTLT1 is clinically related to the risk factors of CAD. We also showed that binding of sTLT1 with macrophage membrane receptor, FcɣR1 initiates inflammatory signals in macrophages suggesting its critical role in thrombus development and atherosclerosis.

Intradermal challenge with interleukin-8 causes tissue oedema and neutrophil accumulation in atopic and non-atopic human subjects

1996 ◽  
Vol 26 (12) ◽  
pp. 1371-1379 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Douglass ◽  
D. Dhami ◽  
M. Bulpitt ◽  
I. J. Lindley ◽  
J. Shute ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Human Subjects ◽  
Interleukin 8 ◽  
Neutrophil Accumulation ◽  
Tissue Oedema

Research Recommendations for Applying Vitamin A-Labelled Isotope Dilution Techniques to Improve Human Vitamin A Nutrition

2014 ◽  
Vol 84 (Supplement 1) ◽  
pp. 52-59 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sherry A. Tanumihardjo ◽  
Anura V. Kurpad ◽  
Janet R. Hunt
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Vitamin A ◽  
Vitamin A Deficiency ◽  
Human Subjects ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pool Size ◽  
Serum Retinol ◽  
Vitamin A Status ◽  
Status Assessment ◽  
Total Body

The current use of serum retinol concentrations as a measurement of subclinical vitamin A deficiency is unsatisfactory for many reasons. The best technique available for vitamin A status assessment in humans is the measurement of total body pool size. Pool size is measured by the administration of retinol labelled with stable isotopes of carbon or hydrogen that are safe for human subjects, with subsequent measurement of the dilution of the labelled retinol within the body pool. However, the isotope techniques are time-consuming, technically challenging, and relatively expensive. There is also a need to assess different types of tracers and doses, and to establish clear guidelines for the use and interpretation of this method in different populations. Field-friendly improvements are desirable to encourage the application of this technique in developing countries where the need is greatest for monitoring the risk of vitamin A deficiency, the effectiveness of public health interventions, and the potential of hypervitaminosis due to combined supplement and fortification programs. These techniques should be applied to validate other less technical methods of assessing vitamin A deficiency. Another area of public health relevance for this technique is to understand the bioconversion of β-carotene to vitamin A, and its relation to existing vitamin A status, for future dietary diversification programs.

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