scholarly journals Changes in Diaphragmatic Function Induced by an Increased Inspiratory Load Experienced by Military Divers: An Ultrasound Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah Rives ◽  
Bruno Schmid ◽  
Guillaume Chaumet ◽  
Fabienne Brégeon ◽  
Alain Boussuges
Keyword(s):  
Tidal Volume ◽  
Real Life ◽  
High Volume ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Diaphragmatic Function ◽  
Ultrasound Study ◽  
French Military ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Inspiratory Load

Background: Inspiratory loading is experienced by military divers when they use rebreather device. Our objective was to assess the changes in diaphragm function induced by an increase in inspiratory load at values similar to those experienced by divers in real life.Methods: We recorded the excursion and the thickness of the right hemidiaphragm in 22 healthy male volunteers under inspiratory load conditions, using ultrasound in B- and M-mode. The measurements were performed at tidal volume and during breathing at 50% of inspiratory capacity. The breathing rate was regulated and similar in the various sessions with and without load.Results: The rebreather device used by French military divers leads to an increase in inspiratory load of close to 30 cmH2O. Consequently, the session under load was performed using a device set to this threshold. Significant increases in the excursion and the thickening fraction of the diaphragm were observed between the sessions at tidal volume and at high volume. With addition of the inspiratory load, the excursion of the right hemidiaphragm increased significantly from 2.3 to 3.4cm at tidal volume and from 3.9 to 4.7cm at high volume. The thickening fraction increased significantly from 30.4 to 76.6% at tidal volume and from 70 to 123% at high volume. The statistical analysis demonstrated that assessment of the changes of the thickening fraction during breathing at tidal volume was the most relevant marker to assess the impact of the inspiratory load on the diaphragm.Conclusion: Diaphragm ultrasound can be used to assess the changes in the diaphragm contraction pattern secondary to an increase in the respiratory load that can be generated by use a diving apparatus. The recording of the changes of the motion, and more importantly of the thickness of the diaphragm, during the breathing cycle is able to provide relevant information regarding the inspiratory load.

scholarly journals The impact of subtitled movies on vocabulary development

2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Alisa Sadiku
Keyword(s):  
Language Learning ◽  
Vocabulary Acquisition ◽  
Vocabulary Development ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Target Language ◽  
Adequate Knowledge ◽  
Language Environment ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Technology Resources

Learning new vocabulary compromises a significant factor for success within language learning since without the adequate knowledge of words and their meaning, learners are not able to use the target language efficiently. Moreover, vocabulary tends to be forgotten if it is not acquired and used through the right methods that will provide learners with language inputs in genuine target language environment. In this regard, the increasing access to different multimedia and technology resources facilitate spontaneous vocabulary acquisition for the contemporary age learners. In particular, movies with subtitles can be a great tool in bringing students closer to authentic real life communication vocabulary. As a result, previous studies have found out several benefits of using subtitled movies by confirming that subtitles indeed improve vocabulary development.

scholarly journals Influence of lung aeration on diaphragmatic contractility during a spontaneous breathing trial: an ultrasound study

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Xia ◽  
Chuan-Yun Qian ◽  
Li Yang ◽  
Mei-Ju Li ◽  
Xiao-Xue Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mechanical Ventilation ◽  
Spontaneous Breathing ◽  
Spontaneous Breathing Trial ◽  
Quiet Breathing ◽  
Diaphragmatic Function ◽  
Lung Aeration ◽  
Ultrasound Study ◽  
Weaning Failure ◽  
Successful Weaning ◽  
The Right

Abstract Background A spontaneous breathing trial (SBT) is a major diagnostic tool to predict successfully extubation in patients. Several factors may lead to weaning failure, including the degree of lung aeration loss and diaphragm dysfunction. The main objective was to compare the diaphragmatic contractility between patients with high lung aeration loss and low lung aeration loss during a 30-minute SBT by ultrasound. Methods This was a prospective single-center study. Lung ultrasound aeration score (LUS) and diaphragmatic thickening fraction (DTF) were measured during mechanical ventilation 1 h before SBT (T-1), 30 min (T1), and 120 min (T2) after the start of the SBT during quiet breathing. The right and left DTF were compared between patients with LUS ≥ 14 (high lung aeration loss), considered at high risk of post-extubation distress, and those with LUS < 14 (low lung aeration loss). The relationship between the LUS and DTF and the changes in LUS and DTF from T-1 to T2 in patients with LUS ≥ 14 were assessed. Results Forty-nine patients were analyzed; 33 had LUS ≥ 14 and 16 had LUS < 14 at T1. The DTF at T1 was significantly higher in patients with LUS ≥ 14 than in those with LUS < 14: the right median (IQR) DTF was 22.2% (17.1 to 30.9%) vs. 14.8% (10.2 to 27.0%) (p = 0.035), and the left median (IQR) DTF was 25.0% (18.4 to 35.0%) vs. 18.6% (9.7 to 24.2%) (p = 0.017), respectively. There was a moderate positive correlation between the LUS and the DTF (Rho = 0.3, p = 0.014). A significant increase in the LUS was observed from T-1 to T1, whereas no change was found between T1 and T2. The DTF remained stable from T-1 to T2. Conclusions During a SBT, diaphragmatic contraction acts differently depending on the degree of pulmonary aeration. In patients with high lung aeration loss, increased diaphragmatic contractility indicates an additional respiratory effort to compensate lung volume loss that would contribute to successful SBT. Further studies are needed to evaluate the combined evaluation of lung aeration and diaphragmatic function to predict the successful weaning of patients from mechanical ventilation.

Experimental Validation of Inverse Techniques for the Remote Identification of Impact Forces in Gap-Supported Systems Subjected to Local and Flow Turbulence Excitations

2011 ◽  
Vol 133 (5) ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Delaune ◽  
Philippe Piteau ◽  
Vincent Debut ◽  
Jose Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Modal Identification ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Impact Forces ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Identification Techniques ◽  
The Impact

Predictive computations of the nonlinear dynamical responses of gap-supported tubes subjected to flow excitation have been the subject of active research. Nevertheless, experimental results are still necessary for validation of the theoretical predictions as well as for asserting the integrity of field components. Because carefully instrumented test tubes and tube-supports are seldom possible, due to space limitations and to the severe environment conditions, there is a need for robust techniques capable of extracting relevant information from the actual vibratory response data. Although at the present time such analysis is overambitious, as far as the multisupported tube bundles of real-life components are concerned, the same instrumentation difficulties frequently apply in the case of laboratory test rigs. Therefore, the subject of this paper is of practical significance even in the more modest realm of laboratory experiments. The knowledge of the dynamical contact/impact (vibro-impact) forces is of paramount significance, and also the tube/support gaps. Following our previous studies in this area using wave-propagation techniques (De Araújo et al., 1998; Antunes et al., 1998; Paulino et al., 1999), we recently applied modal methods for extracting such information. Based on numerically simulated time-domain vibro-impact responses, the dynamical support forces, as well as the vibratory responses at the support locations, were identified from one or several vibratory responses at remote locations, from which the support gaps could also be inferred (Delaune et al., 2010). Also recently, for the related problem of friction force identification on bowed strings, preliminary experiments have shown the feasibility of these identification techniques (Debut et al., 2010). In the present paper, the modal identification techniques developed by Delaune et al. (2010) and Debut et al. (2010) are tested using an experimental rig built at Commissariat à l’Energie Atomique et aux Energies Alternatives (CEA/Saclay), consisting of a randomly excited clamped-free beam which impacts on an intermediate gap-support. Identification of the impact force, as well as of the beam motion at the gap-support, is achieved based on remote measurements of the beam response provided by two accelerometers. A significant feature of the experimental identifications presented in this paper is that, beyond the results obtained under a point-force shaker excitation, we test here an original technique to identify the gap-supported reactions in flow-excited systems, which was recently introduced by Delaune et al. (2010). As for most inverse problems, the identification results may prove sensitive to both noise and modeling errors. Therefore, regularization techniques discussed by Delaune et al. (2010) are used to mitigate the effects of unmeasured noise perturbations. Overall, the experimentally identified results compare reasonably well with the measured contact forces and motions at the gap-supports. Actually, even if our identifications are not immaculate at the present time, they remain nevertheless quite usable.

Experimental Validation of Inverse Techniques for the Remote Identification of Impact Forces in Gap-Supported Systems Subjected to Local and Flow Turbulence Excitations

2010 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xavier Delaune ◽  
Philippe Piteau ◽  
Vincent Debut ◽  
Jose Antunes
Keyword(s):  
Real Life ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Contact Forces ◽  
Modal Identification ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Significant Feature ◽  
Impact Forces ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Identification Techniques ◽  
The Impact

Predictive computations of the nonlinear dynamical responses of gap-supported tubes subjected to flow excitation have been the subject of active research. Nevertheless, experimental results are still necessary, for validation of the theoretical predictions as well as for asserting the integrity of field components. Because carefully instrumented test tubes and tube-supports are seldom possible, due to space limitations and to the severe environment conditions, there is a need for robust techniques capable of extracting relevant information from the actual vibratory response data. Although at the present time such analysis is over-ambitious, as far as the multi-supported tube bundles of real-life components are concerned, the same instrumentation difficulties frequently apply in the case of laboratory test rigs. Therefore, the subject of this paper is of practical significance even in the more modest realm of laboratory experiments. The knowledge of the dynamical contact/impact (vibro-impact) forces is of paramount significance, as also the tube/support gaps. Following our previous studies in this area using wave-propagation techniques [1–3], we recently applied modal methods for extracting such information. Based on numerically simulated time-domain vibro-impact responses, the dynamical support forces, as well as the vibratory responses at the support locations, were identified from one or several vibratory responses at remote locations, from which the support gaps could also be inferred [4]. Also recently, for the related problem of friction force identification on bowed strings, preliminary experiments have shown the feasibility of these identification techniques [5]. In the present paper, the modal identification techniques developed in [4,5] are tested using an experimental rig built at CEA/Saclay, consisting on a randomly excited clamped-free beam which impacts on an intermediate gap-support. Identification of the impact force, as well as of the beam motion at the gap-support, are achieved based on remote measurements of the beam response provided by two accelerometers. A significant feature of the experimental identifications presented in this paper is that, beyond the results obtained under a point-force shaker excitation, we test here an original technique to identify the gap-supported reactions in flow-excited systems, which was recently introduced in [4]. As for most inverse problems, the identification results may prove sensitive to both noise and modeling errors. Therefore, regularization techniques discussed in [4] are used to mitigate the effects of unmeasured noise perturbations. Overall, the experimentally identified results compare reasonably well with the measured contact forces and motions at the gap-supports. Actually, even if our identifications are not immaculate at the present time, they remain nevertheless quite usable.

Attention, Information Processing, and Choice in Incentive-Aligned Choice Experiments

2018 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 783-800 ◽  
Author(s):  
Liu (Cathy) Yang ◽  
Olivier Toubia ◽  
Martijn G. de Jong
Keyword(s):  
Information Processing ◽  
External Validity ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Choice Experiments ◽  
Novelty Seeking ◽  
Preference Measurement ◽  
Life Choices ◽  
Carryover Effect ◽  
The Impact

In incentive-aligned choice experiments, each decision is realized with some probability, Prob. In three eye-tracking experiments, we study the impact of varying Prob from 0 (as in purely hypothetical choices) to 1 (as in real-life choices) on attention, information processing, and choice. Consistent with the bounded rationality literature, we find that as Prob increases from 0 to 1, consumers process the choice-relevant information more carefully and more comprehensively. Consistent with the psychological distance literature, we find that as Prob increases from 0 to 1, consumers become less novelty seeking and more price sensitive. These findings underscore that even with incentive alignment, preference measurement choice experiments such as choice-based conjoint analyses only represent an approximation of real-life choices. Although it is not feasible to systematically use questions with high Prob in the field, we predict and find that placing a higher probability question (such as an external validity task) at the beginning rather than the end of a questionnaire has a carryover effect on attention and information processing throughout the questionnaire, and it influences preference estimates as well.

Protecting Child Witnesses: Judicial Efforts to Minimize Trauma and Reduce Evidentiary Barriers

1996 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
Thomas L. Hafemeister
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Abuse ◽  
Child Sexual Abuse ◽  
Relevant Information ◽  
Educational Programs ◽  
Child Witnesses ◽  
Validity And Reliability ◽  
Survey Results ◽  
Nation Wide Survey ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Growing attention has been given to the need to protect child witnesses from the potential trauma associated with providing testimony in the courtroom, as well as to the importance of maximizing the validity and reliability of that testimony. At the same time, these efforts may conflict with the right of an accused to confront his or her accuser or various evidentiary rights of the accused. Numerous educational programs have been conducted to assist judges and lawyers to better respond to these issues. A nation-wide survey of judges was conducted to determine the relative use of various means to minimize trauma or reduce evidentiary barriers in child sexual abuse cases, how judges evaluate these means, and the impact of educational programs in this area. The survey indicated that although judges use a broad range of approaches to minimize this trauma or reduce evidentiary barriers, they are particularly likely to use simpler techniques that are relatively easy to implement and which they consider both effective and fair to the parties appearing before the court. Attending educational programs appears to influence the use of these approaches. Survey results also indicated the best methods for disseminating relevant information on child sexual abuse to judges.

scholarly journals Challenges in Higher Education Teaching Collaborations – a CAGE distance framework analysis

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tine Lehmann ◽  
Veit Wohlgemuth ◽  
Annette Ammeraal
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Real Life ◽  
Education Institution ◽  
Framework Analysis ◽  
Business Context ◽  
Economic Framework ◽  
Teaching Community ◽  
Set Up ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Transnational teaching collaborations have many advantages, but also create challenges. Many challenges relate to distances between partner countries. The CAGE (cultural, administrative, geographic, economic) framework helps to assess and classify the impact of various distances. The framework was initially developed for a business context. We test the usability of the CAGE model in a higher education institution (HEI) context by relying on insights from an EU-teaching collaboration project. Within the project, students and lecturers from different HEIs consult real-life firms in going abroad. Teams from the home and the host country of the firms work together in these collaborations. We conclude that the framework is helpful for HEIs. Administrative distances seem to be the most crucial aspect in selecting the right partners for teaching collaborations, whereas geographic and economic distances are manageable. Cultural distances had less of an impact in our setting, but we expect a stronger impact for other projects. The teaching community can learn from the insights of the illustrated collaborations to avoid specific challenges and successfully set up cross-country teaching collaborations.

Emotional Reactivity to Visual Content as Revealed by ERP Component Clustering

2015 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 135-146 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miroslaw Wyczesany ◽  
Szczepan J. Grzybowski ◽  
Jan Kaiser
Keyword(s):  
Emotional Reactivity ◽  
Brain Activity ◽  
Affective State ◽  
Occipital Lobe ◽  
Stimulus Onset ◽  
Emotional States ◽  
Neural Basis ◽  
Temporoparietal Junction ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

Abstract. In the study, the neural basis of emotional reactivity was investigated. Reactivity was operationalized as the impact of emotional pictures on the self-reported ongoing affective state. It was used to divide the subjects into high- and low-responders groups. Independent sources of brain activity were identified, localized with the DIPFIT method, and clustered across subjects to analyse the visual evoked potentials to affective pictures. Four of the identified clusters revealed effects of reactivity. The earliest two started about 120 ms from the stimulus onset and were located in the occipital lobe and the right temporoparietal junction. Another two with a latency of 200 ms were found in the orbitofrontal and the right dorsolateral cortices. Additionally, differences in pre-stimulus alpha level over the visual cortex were observed between the groups. The attentional modulation of perceptual processes is proposed as an early source of emotional reactivity, which forms an automatic mechanism of affective control. The role of top-down processes in affective appraisal and, finally, the experience of ongoing emotional states is also discussed.

The Impact of Internal Work Environment on the Retention of Healthcare Providers at Turaif General Hospital

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 1183-1199
Author(s):  
Mohammed Alrouili ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Work Environment ◽  
General Hospital ◽  
Professional Growth ◽  
Healthcare Providers ◽  
Entire Study ◽  
Internal Work ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Right ◽  
The Impact

This study attempted to identify the impact of internal work environment on the retention of healthcare providers at Turaif General Hospital in the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia. In particular, the study aimed to identify the dimensions of work circumstances, compensation, and relationship with colleagues, professional growth, and the level of healthcare providers’ retention. In order to achieve the study goals, the researcher used the descriptive analytical approach. The researcher used the questionnaire as the study tool. The study population comprised all the healthcare providers at Turaif General Hospital. Questionnaires were distributed to the entire study sample that consisted of 220 individuals. The number of questionnaires valid for study was 183 questionnaires. The research findings were as follows: the participants’ estimate of the work circumstances dimension was high (3.64), the participants’ estimate of the compensation dimension was moderate (3.32), the participants’ estimate of the relationship with colleagues dimension was high (3.62), the participants’ estimate of the professional growth dimension was weak (2.39), and the participants’ estimate of healthcare providers’ retention level was intermediate (2.75). Accordingly, the researcher’s major recommendations are: the need to create the right atmosphere for personnel in hospitals, the interest of the hospital to provide the appropriate conditions for the staff in terms of the physical and moral aspects for building the work adjustment in the staff, and conducting training courses and educational lectures for personnel in hospitals on how to cope with the work pressures.

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