Chloroplast Retrograde Regulation of Heat Stress Responses in Plants

Abstract Background Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R. Br. is mainly grown in arid and semi-arid regions. Being naturally tolerant to various adverse condtitions, it is a good biological resource for deciphering the molecular basis of abiotic stresses such as heat stress in plants but limited studies have been carried out till date to this effect. Here, we performed RNA-sequencing from the leaf of two contrasting genotypes of pearl millet (841-B and PPMI-69) subjected to heat stress (42 °C for 6 h). Results Over 274 million high quality reads with an average length of 150 nt were generated. Assembly was carried out using trinity, obtaining 47,310 unigenes having an average length of 1254 nucleotides, N50 length of 1853 nucleotides and GC content of 53.11%. Blastx resulted in annotation of 35,628 unigenes and functional classification showed 15,950 unigenes designated to 51 Gene Ontology terms, 13,786 unigenes allocated to 23 Clusters of Orthologous Groups and 4,255 unigenes distributed into 132 functional KEGG pathways. 12,976 simple sequence repeats were identified from 10,294 unigenes for the development of functional markers. A total of 3,05,759 SNPs were observed in the transcriptome data. Out of 2,301 differentially expressed genes, 10 potential candidates genes were selected based on log2 fold change and adjusted p-value parameters for their differential gene expression by qRT-PCR. Conclusions The dynamic expression changes in two genotypes of P. glaucum reflect transcriptome regulation of signaling pathways in heat stress response. In order to develop genetic markers, 12,976 simple sequence repeats (SSRs) were identified. The sequencing data generated in this study shall serve as an important resource for further research in the area of crop biotechnology.

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N6-methyladenosine modification modulate in the heat stress of sheep (Ovis aries)

10.21203/rs.2.9885/v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Zengkui Lu ◽

Huihua Wang ◽

Youji Ma ◽

Mingxing Chu ◽

Kai Quan ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Signaling Pathways ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Large Scale ◽

Ovis Aries ◽

Stop Codons ◽

Coding Regions ◽

Mrna Methylation ◽

Response To Stress ◽

And Control

Abstract Background: Intensive and large-scale development of the sheep industry and increases in global temperature are increasingly exposing sheep to heat stress. N6-methyladenosine (m6A) mRNA methylation varies in response to stress, and can link external stress with complex transcriptional and post-transcriptional processes. However, no m6A mRNA methylation map has been obtained for sheep, nor is it known what effect this has on regulating heat stress in sheep. Results: A total of 8,306 and 12,958 m6A peaks were detected in heat stress and control groups, respectively, with 2,697 and 5,494 genes associated with each. Peaks were mainly enriched in coding regions and near stop codons with classical RRACH motifs. Methylation levels of heat stress and control sheep were higher near stop codons, although methylation was significantly lower in heat stress sheep. GO revealed that differential m6A-containing genes were mainly enriched in the nucleus and were involved in several stress responses and substance metabolism processes. KEGG pathway analysis found that differential m6A-containing genes were significantly enriched in Rap1, FoxO, MAPK, and other signaling pathways of the stress response, and TGF-beta, AMPK, Wnt, and other signaling pathways involved in fat metabolism. These m6A-modified genes were moderately expressed in both heat stress and control sheep, and the enrichment of m6A modification was significantly negatively correlated with gene expression. Conclusions: Our results showed that m6A mRNA methylation modifications regulate heat stress in sheep, and it also provided a new way for the study of animal response to heat stress.

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Unique combinations of coral host and algal symbiont genotypes reflect intraspecific variation in heat stress responses among colonies of the reef-building coral, Montipora digitata

Marine Biology ◽

10.1007/s00227-019-3632-z ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 167 (2) ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Javid Kavousi ◽

Vianney Denis ◽

Victoria Sharp ◽

James Davis Reimer ◽

Takashi Nakamura ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Intraspecific Variation ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Coral Host ◽

Algal Symbiont

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75-kDa glucose-regulated protein (GRP75) is a novel molecular signature for heat stress response in avian species

AJP Cell Physiology ◽

10.1152/ajpcell.00334.2019 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 318 (2) ◽

pp. C289-C303 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Ahmed Edan Dhamad ◽

Elizabeth Greene ◽

Marites Sales ◽

Phuong Nguyen ◽

Lesleigh Beer ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Heat Shock ◽

Cell Viability ◽

Stress Responses ◽

3D Structure ◽

Avian Species ◽

Molecular Signature ◽

Hsp70 Family ◽

Avian Cell ◽

Glucose Regulated Protein

Glucose-regulated protein 75 (GRP75) was first characterized in mammals as a heat shock protein-70 (HSP70) family stress chaperone based on its sequence homology. Extensive studies in mammals showed that GRP75 is induced by various stressors such as glucose deprivation, oxidative stress, and hypoxia, although it remained unresponsive to the heat shock. Such investigations are scarce in avian (nonmammalian) species. We here identified chicken GRP75 by using immunoprecipitation assay integrated with LC-MS/MS, and found that its amino acid sequence is conserved with high homology (52.5%) to the HSP70 family. Bioinformatics and 3D-structure prediction indicate that, like most HSPs, chicken GRP75 has two principal domains (the NH2-terminal ATPase and COOH-terminal region). Immunofluorescence staining shows that GRP75 is localized predominantly in the avian myoblast and hepatocyte mitochondria. Heat stress exposure upregulates GRP75 expression in a species-, genotype-, and tissue-specific manner. Overexpression of GRP75 reduces avian cell viability, and blockade of GRP75 by its small molecular inhibitor MKT-077 rescues avian cell viability during heat stress. Taken together, this is the first evidence showing that chicken GRP75, unlike its mammalian ortholog, is responsive to heat shock and plays a key role in cell survival/death pathways. Since modern avian species have high metabolic rates and are sensitive to high environmental temperature, GRP75 could open new vistas in mechanistic understanding of heat stress responses and thermotolerance in avian species.

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Heat Sensing and Lipid Reprograming as a Signaling Switch for Heat Stress Responses in Wheat

Plant and Cell Physiology ◽

10.1093/pcp/pcaa072 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 61 (8) ◽

pp. 1399-1407 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Mostafa Abdelrahman ◽

Takayoshi Ishii ◽

Magdi El-Sayed ◽

Lam-Son Phan Tran

Keyword(s):

Heat Stress ◽

Plant Species ◽

Stress Responses ◽

Calcium Influx ◽

Global Climate ◽

Wheat Yield ◽

High Temperature Stress ◽

Membrane Lipid ◽

Wheat Varieties ◽

The Impact

Abstract Temperature is an essential physical factor that affects the plant life cycle. Almost all plant species have evolved a robust signal transduction system that enables them to sense changes in the surrounding temperature, relay this message and accordingly adjust their metabolism and cellular functions to avoid heat stress-related damage. Wheat (Triticum aestivum), being a cool-season crop, is very sensitive to heat stress. Any increase in the ambient temperature, especially at the reproductive and grain-filling stages, can cause a drastic loss in wheat yield. Heat stress causes lipid peroxidation due to oxidative stress, resulting in the damage of thylakoid membranes and the disruption of their function, which ultimately decreases photosynthesis and crop yield. The cell membrane/plasma membrane plays prominent roles as an interface system that perceives and translates the changes in environmental signals into intracellular responses. Thus, membrane lipid composition is a critical factor in heat stress tolerance or susceptibility in wheat. In this review, we elucidate the possible involvement of calcium influx as an early heat stress-responsive mechanism in wheat plants. In addition, the physiological implications underlying the changes in lipid metabolism under high-temperature stress in wheat and other plant species will be discussed. In-depth knowledge about wheat lipid reprograming can help develop heat-tolerant wheat varieties and provide approaches to solve the impact of global climate change.

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