scholarly journals A Jasmonate-Inducible Defense Trait Transferred from Wild into Cultivated Tomato Establishes Increased Whitefly Resistance and Reduced Viral Disease Incidence

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rocío Escobar-Bravo ◽  
Juan M. Alba ◽  
Clara Pons ◽  
Antonio Granell ◽  
Merijn R. Kant ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Inducible Defense ◽  
Defense Trait

Recovery from Mosaic Caused by Sorghum Mosaic Virus in Sugarcane and Impact on Yield

Plant Disease ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 104 (12) ◽  
pp. 3166-3172
Author(s):  
J. L. Rice ◽  
J. W. Hoy
Keyword(s):  
Virus Infection ◽  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Susceptibility To Infection ◽  
Reverse Transcription Pcr ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Crop Cycle ◽  
The Impact

Mosaic is a historically important viral disease of sugarcane in Louisiana caused by Sugarcane mosaic virus and, currently, by Sorghum mosaic virus (SrMV). Sugarcane clones can have variable responses to mosaic for different traits, including susceptibility to infection and yield loss. Disease incidence and rate of increase within a multiple-year crop cycle is affected by susceptibility and other epidemiological factors, possibly including recovery from symptom expression and virus infection. Recovery (defined as the emergence of asymptomatic plants from buds on planted symptomatic stalks) and the impact of mosaic on yield components were evaluated in two sugarcane cultivars, HoCP 09-804 and L 10-147. Recovery varied between the two cultivars. Across two experiments, L 10-147 had a higher frequency of recovery (range 9.4 to 19.8%) than HoCP 09-804 (range 0.9 to 2.3%). A reverse-transcription PCR assay did not detect SrMV in 96.5% of 143 L 10-147 leaf samples and 83.3% of 6 HoCP 09-804 leaf samples collected from recovered plants. When comparing symptomatic and asymptomatic plantings, mosaic reduced cane and sucrose yield in HoCP 09-804 but not L 10-147, suggesting a possible association between recovery and tolerance to virus infection.

scholarly journals First Report of Ranunculus mild mosaic virus on Ranunculus asiaticus in Yunnan Province, China

Plant Disease ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 92 (11) ◽  
pp. 1585-1585 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. H. Wang ◽  
S. Zhao ◽  
X. M. Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mosaic Virus ◽  
Yunnan Province ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Mild Mosaic ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Potential Threat ◽  
First Report ◽  
Ranunculus Asiaticus ◽  
Mild Mosaic Virus

In June 2007, a new viral disease occurred in commercial fields of Ranunculus asiaticus in the Yunnan Province of China. Infected plants exhibited mosaic symptoms and growth abnormalities. Viral disease incidence for this ornamental crop host in the Yunnan Province was estimated to range from 10 to 20%. Electron microscopic examination of negatively stained leaf-dip preparations from symptomatic plants identified long, flexuous linear particles (approximately 800 nm). The samples were tested using indirect antigen-coated plate (ACP)-ELISA. ACP-ELISA results showed that the leaf samples from symptomatic plants reacted positively to the potyvirus group antibody (Agdia Inc., Eklhart, IN). Total nucleic acid extracted from symptomatic plants was tested using reverse transcription (RT)-PCR with primers (S 5′-GGNAAAAYAGYGGNCARCC-3′; M4: 5′-GTTTTCCCAGTCACGAC-3′ [N = A, G, C, or T; Y = C or T; and R = A or G]) designed to amplify the 3′ terminal region of genomic RNA of the genus Potyvirus (1). RT-PCR produced a 1,650-bp amplification product that was cloned and sequenced (GenBank Accession No. EU684747). The sequenced portion showed 90 and 99% identity with the Ranunculus mild mosaic virus (RMMV) isolates (GenBank Accession Nos. DQ152191 and EF445546) from Italy and Israel, respectively (2). To our knowledge, this is the first report of RMMV in China. Infection from this virus may cause losses for cut-flower production of Ranunculus asiaticu and it is also a potential threat for international trade of Ranunculus germplasm. References: (1) J. Chen and J. P. Chen. Chin. J. Virol. 18:371, 2002. (2) M. Turina et al. Phytopathology 96:560, 2006.

Comparison of Pest Occurrence and Viral Disease Incidence Rate with Reduced the Application of Pesticides in Red Pepper Field

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10
Author(s):  
Tae-young Kim ◽  
Cheol Jang ◽  
Hyun-woo Kang ◽  
Jae-hyuk Choi ◽  
Ho-wook Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Incidence Rate ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Red Pepper

Effectiveness of Contact Tracing on Viral Disease Mitigation and Suppression: An Evidence-Based Review (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kelly Jean Craig ◽  
Rubina Rizvi ◽  
Van C Willis ◽  
William J Kassler ◽  
Gretchen Purcell Jackson
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Social Interactions ◽  
Scientific Literature ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Contact Tracing ◽  
Evidence Based ◽  
Inclusion Criteria ◽  
Disease Outcomes ◽  
Effective Public Health

BACKGROUND Contact tracing in association with quarantine and isolation is an important public health tool to control outbreaks of infectious diseases. This strategy has been widely implemented in the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. The effectiveness of this non-pharmaceutical intervention (NPI) is largely dependent on social interactions within the population and its combination with other interventions. Given the high transmissibility of SARS-CoV-2, small serial intervals, and asymptomatic transmission patterns, the effectiveness of contact tracing for this novel agent is largely unknown. OBJECTIVE To identify and synthesize evidence regarding the effectiveness of contact tracing on infectious viral disease outcomes based on prior scientific literature. METHODS An evidence-based review was conducted to identify studies from MEDLINE (including pre-print medRxiv server content) related to the effectiveness of contact tracing in viral outbreaks. The search dates were from database inception to July 24, 2020. Outcomes of interest were measures of incidence, transmission, hospitalization, and mortality. RESULTS Out of 159 unique records retrieved, 45 records were reviewed at the full-text level, with 24 meeting all inclusion criteria. Included studies utilized mathematical modeling (n=14), observational (n=8), and systematic review (n=2) approaches. Only two studies considered digital contact tracing. Contact tracing was mostly evaluated in combination with other NPIs and/or pharmaceutical interventions (PIs). While some degree of effectiveness in decreasing viral disease incidence, transmission, and resulting hospitalizations and mortality was observed, these results were highly dependent on epidemic severity (R0 value), number of contacts traced (including pre-symptomatic and asymptomatic cases), timeliness, duration, and compliance with combination interventions such as isolation, quarantine, and treatment. Contact tracing effectiveness was particularly limited by logistical challenges associated with increased outbreak size and speed of spread. CONCLUSIONS Timely deployment of contact tracing strategically layered with other NPIs could be an effective public health tool for mitigating and suppressing infectious outbreaks by decreasing viral disease incidence, transmission, and resulting hospitalizations and mortality.

scholarly journals Classical Swine Fever Virus Biology, Clinicopathology, Diagnosis, Vaccines and a Meta-Analysis of Prevalence: A Review from the Indian Perspective

Pathogens ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 500 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yashpal Singh Malik ◽  
Sudipta Bhat ◽  
O. R. Vinodh Kumar ◽  
Ajay Kumar Yadav ◽  
Shubhankar Sircar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Animal Health ◽  
Group Analysis ◽  
Central Zone ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Phylogenetic Groups ◽  
The World

Classical swine fever (CSF) is an economically significant, multi-systemic, highly contagious viral disease of swine world over. The disease is notifiable to the World Organization for Animal Health (OIE) due to its enormous consequences on porcine health and the pig industry. In India, the pig population is 9.06 million and contributes around 1.7% of the total livestock population. The pig industry is not well organized and is mostly concentrated in the eastern and northeastern states of the country (~40% of the country’s population). Since the first suspected CSF outbreak in India during 1944, a large number of outbreaks have been reported across the country, and CSF has acquired an endemic status. As of date, there is a scarcity of comprehensive information on CSF from India. Therefore, in this review, we undertook a systematic review to compile and evaluate the prevalence and genetic diversity of the CSF virus situation in the porcine population from India, targeting particular virus genes sequence analysis, published reports on prevalence, pathology, and updates on indigenous diagnostics and vaccines. The CSF virus (CSFV) is genetically diverse, and at least three phylogenetic groups are circulating throughout the world. In India, though genotype 1.1 predominates, recently published reports point toward increasing evidence of co-circulation of sub-genotype 2.2 followed by 2.1. Sequence identities and phylogenetic analysis of Indian CSFV reveal high genetic divergence among circulating strains. In the meta-analysis random-effects model, the estimated overall CSF prevalence was 35.4%, encompassing data from both antigen and antibody tests, and region-wise sub-group analysis indicated variable incidence from 25% in the southern to nearly 40% in the central zone, eastern, and northeastern regions. A country-wide immunization approach, along with other control measures, has been implemented to reduce the disease incidence and eliminate the virus in time to come.

scholarly journals Exogenous Application of Nitric Oxide Mitigates Water Stress and Reduces Natural Viral Disease Incidence of Tomato Plants Subjected to Deficit Irrigation

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 87
Author(s):  
Amr Elkelish ◽  
Mohamed F. M. Ibrahim ◽  
Hatem Ashour ◽  
Ahmed Bondok ◽  
Soumya Mukherjee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Soil Water ◽  
Water Deficit ◽  
Deficit Irrigation ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Soluble Sugars ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Tomato Plants

The present work reveals the beneficial role of sodium nitroprusside (SNP; NO donor concentration: 50 and 100 µM) in mitigation of water stress accompanied by a reduction in viral disease incidence in tomato plants subjected to deficit irrigation. The plants were grown under two irrigation regimes: well-watered (WW; irrigated after the depletion of 55–60% of available soil water) and water deficit (WD; irrigated after the depletion of 85–90% of available soil water) in two seasons of 2018 and 2019. The results indicated that under water stress conditions, plant growth, chlorophyll, relative water content (RWC), and fruit yield were decreased. Conversely, water stress significantly increased the MDA, proline, soluble sugars, and antioxidant enzymes’ activities. Moreover, it was obvious a negligible increase in the fruit content from NO2 and NO3. Water-deficit stress, however, had a positive impact on reducing the percentage of viral disease (TMV and TYLCV) incidence on tomato plants. Similarly, SNP application in the form of foliar spray significantly reduced the disease incidence, the severity, and the relative concentrations of TMV and TYLCV in tomato plants raised under both WW and WD conditions. The treatment of SNP at 100 µM achieved better results and could be recommended to induce tomato plant tolerance to water stress. Thus, the present work highlights the role of NO (SNP) in the alleviation of water stress in tomato plants and subsequent reduction in viral disease incidence during deficit irrigation.

scholarly journals Efficacy of Crop Cover in Controlling Viral Disease of Squash

1998 ◽  
Vol 3 (1) ◽  
pp. 41
Author(s):  
A. Zouba ◽  
M.V. Lopez
Keyword(s):  
Vegetative Growth ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Viral Diseases ◽  
Crop Cover ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Subsequent Improvement

The efficacy of using crop cover in controlling viral diseases of squash was studied under field conditions. Results of the study revealed that crop cover of 15 to 30 d delayed the onset of disease incidence, spread and severity of viral diseases, leading to improvement in vegetative growth and consequently, to increase and subsequent improvement in fruit yield and quality. It was observed that 21 d was the optional coverage period for higher fruit yield. Vegetative growth and fruit yield and quality did not differ significantly for plants under cover for IS d and 30 d.

scholarly journals An update of sweet potato viral disease incidence and spread in Ethiopia

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (8) ◽  
pp. 1116-1126 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Buko D. ◽  
Gedebo A. ◽  
Spetz C. ◽  
K. Hvoslef-Eide A.
Keyword(s):  
Sweet Potato ◽  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Viral Disease

Quantification of Viral Disease Incidence in Corn (Zea mays) as Affected by Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Control

1998 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-127 ◽  
Author(s):  
John W. Eberwine ◽  
Edward S. Hagood ◽  
Sue A. Tolin
Keyword(s):  
Disease Incidence ◽  
Viral Disease ◽  
Maize Dwarf Mosaic Virus ◽  
Enzyme Linked Immunosorbent Assay ◽  
Insect Vector ◽  
Double Infection ◽  
Tissue Samples ◽  
Virus Incidence ◽  
Corn Plants ◽  
Maize Chlorotic Dwarf Virus

Field and laboratory experiments were conducted to evaluate the effect of postemergence johnsongrass control on incidence of maize chlorotic dwarf virus (MCDV) and maize dwarf mosaic virus (MDMV) in corn and to confirm the presence and movement of the blackfaced leafhopper, the insect vector of MCDV. Corn plants surrounded by MCDV- and MDMV-infected rhizomatous johnsongrass were either treated or not treated with nicosulfuron at 35 g ai/ha. Corn tissue samples were taken at the time of treatment and 4, 9, 14, and 21 d after treatment and the presence of MCDV and MDMV was determined by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Virus incidence in treated experimental units was higher at the later sampling dates relative to the nontreated. Earlier differences in incidence of MCDV and MDMV double infection in corn were detected where johnsongrass was controlled. Movement of the insect vector of MCDV was observed within the experimental area after johnsongrass was controlled, but was not significantly different from that in nontreated areas.

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