Blue Light Treatment but Not Green Light Treatment After Pre-exposure to UV-B Stabilizes Flavonoid Glycoside Changes and Corresponding Biological Effects in Three Different Brassicaceae Sprouts

Ultraviolet-B (UV-B; 280–315 nm) radiation induces the biosynthesis of secondary plant metabolites such as flavonoids. Flavonoids could also be enhanced by blue (420–490 nm) or green (490–585 nm) light. Flavonoids act as antioxidants and shielding components in the plant’s response to UV-B exposure. They are shown to quench singlet oxygen and to be reactive to hydroxyl radical. The aim was to determine whether treatment with blue or green light can alter flavonoid profiles after pre-exposure to UV-B and whether they cause corresponding biological effects in Brassicaceae sprouts. Based on their different flavonoid profiles, three vegetables from the Brassicaceae were selected. Sprouts were treated with five subsequent doses (equals 5 days) of moderate UV-B (0.23 kJ m–2 day–1 UV-BBE), which was followed with two subsequent (equals 2 days) doses of either blue (99 μmol m–2 s–1) or green (119 μmol m–2 s–1) light. In sprouts of kale, kohlrabi, and rocket salad, flavonoid glycosides were identified by HPLC-DAD-ESI-MSn. Both Brassica oleracea species, kale and kohlrabi, showed mainly acylated quercetin and kaempferol glycosides. In contrast, in rocket salad, the main flavonol glycosides were quercetin glycosides. Blue light treatment after the UV-B treatment showed that quercetin and kaempferol glycosides were increased in the B. oleracea species kale and kohlrabi while—contrary to this—in rocket salad, there were only quercetin glycosides increased. Blue light treatment in general stabilized the enhanced concentrations of flavonoid glycosides while green treatment did not have this effect. Blue light treatment following the UV-B exposure resulted in a trend of increased singlet oxygen scavenging for kale and rocket. The hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity was independent from the light quality except for kale where an exposure with UV-B followed by a blue light treatment led to a higher hydroxyl radical scavenging capacity. These results underline the importance of different light qualities for the biosynthesis of reactive oxygen species that intercept secondary plant metabolites, but also show a pronounced species-dependent reaction, which is of special interest for growers.

Download Full-text

Blue as an Underrated Alternative to Green: Photoplethysmographic Heartbeat Intervals Estimation under Two Temperature Conditions

Sensors ◽

10.3390/s21124241 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (12) ◽

pp. 4241

Author(s):

Evgeniia Shchelkanova ◽

Liia Shchapova ◽

Alexander Shchelkanov ◽

Tomohiro Shibata

Keyword(s):

Blue Light ◽

Characteristic Point ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Green Light ◽

Estimation Accuracy ◽

Lower Sensitivity ◽

Light Spectrum ◽

Cardiovascular Parameter ◽

Temperature Conditions ◽

Characteristic Points

Since photoplethysmography (PPG) sensors are usually placed on open skin areas, temperature interference can be an issue. Currently, green light is the most widely used in the reflectance PPG for its relatively low artifact susceptibility. However, it has been known that hemoglobin absorption peaks at the blue part of the spectrum. Despite this fact, blue light has received little attention in the PPG field. Blue wavelengths are commonly used in phototherapy. Combining blue light-based treatments with simultaneous blue PPG acquisition could be potentially used in patients monitoring and studying the biological effects of light. Previous studies examining the PPG in blue light compared to other wavelengths employed photodetectors with inherently lower sensitivity to blue, thereby biasing the results. The present study assessed the accuracy of heartbeat intervals (HBIs) estimation from blue and green PPG signals, acquired under baseline and cold temperature conditions. Our PPG system is based on TCS3472 Color Sensor with equal sensitivity to both parts of the light spectrum to ensure unbiased comparison. The accuracy of the HBIs estimates, calculated with five characteristic points (PPG systolic peak, maximum of the first PPG derivative, maximum of the second PPG derivative, minimum of the second PPG derivative, and intersecting tangents) on both PPG signal types, was evaluated based on the electrocardiographic values. The statistical analyses demonstrated that in all cases, the HBIs estimation accuracy of blue PPG was nearly equivalent to the G PPG irrespective of the characteristic point and measurement condition. Therefore, blue PPG can be used for cardiovascular parameter acquisition. This paper is an extension of work originally presented at the 42nd Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society.

Download Full-text

MEDICINALLY IMPORTANT PLANT CLEOME GYNANDRA: A PHYTOCHEMICAL AND PHARMACOLOGICAL EXPLANATION

Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical and Clinical Research ◽

10.22159/ajpcr.2018.v11i1.22037 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 21

Author(s):

Partha Pradip Adhikari ◽

Satya Bhusan Paul

Keyword(s):

Radical Scavenging ◽

Eastern Region ◽

Plant Metabolites ◽

Traditional Use ◽

Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽

North East India ◽

North East ◽

Cleome Gynandra ◽

North Eastern ◽

Different Parts

Cleome genus includes 601 plant species from the family Cleomaceae. Of more than 600 plants, 206 (34.3%) plants are having accepted species names. Cleome gynandra Linn. is a well-known medicinal plant with traditional and pharmacological importance. A good number of secondary plant metabolites have also been isolated from different parts of C. gynandra. Our investigation confirms two mutant varieties of C. gynandra exists in India. Accordingly, the objective of this study was designed to critically evaluate the pharmacological and phytochemical evaluation of C. gynandra of two mutant variety, to provide a consolidated platform for research potential of both the mutant varieties of C. gynandra. Careful scrutiny reveals that the plant possesses a huge range pharmacological applications, such as anti-inflammatory, free radical scavenging, anticancerous, immunomodulator, and antidiabetic agents. To arrive its pharmacological importance the published papers also shown an enormous amount of phytochemicals endorsement. Scientific perusal reveals different parts of the plant has an immense medicinal importance which proofs its traditional use round the glove. But in North-Eastern region of India, the same plant abundantly found in pink mutant variety. To date, there is not much research investigation for this mutant variety to validate its pharmacological importance. Therefore, research needs to scrutinize and compare the medicinal claims of the pink mutant variety in the bio-diverse region of North-East India.

Download Full-text

Effect of blue light treatment on fruit quality, antioxidant enzymes and radical-scavenging activity in strawberry fruit

Scientia Horticulturae ◽

10.1016/j.scienta.2014.06.012 ◽

2014 ◽

Vol 175 ◽

pp. 181-186 ◽

Cited By ~ 37

Author(s):

Feng Xu ◽

Liyu Shi ◽

Wei Chen ◽

Shifeng Cao ◽

Xinguo Su ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Enzymes ◽

Blue Light ◽

Fruit Quality ◽

Radical Scavenging Activity ◽

Radical Scavenging ◽

Light Treatment ◽

Scavenging Activity ◽

Strawberry Fruit

Download Full-text

Archangelolide: A sesquiterpene lactone with immunobiological potential from Laserpitium archangelica

Beilstein Journal of Organic Chemistry ◽

10.3762/bjoc.15.189 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 15 ◽

pp. 1933-1944 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

Silvie Rimpelová ◽

Michal Jurášek ◽

Lucie Peterková ◽

Jiří Bejček ◽

Vojtěch Spiwok ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Dynamics ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽

Living Cells ◽

Calcium Atpase ◽

Dynamics Simulation ◽

Plant Metabolites ◽

Cytotoxic Effects ◽

Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽

Fluorescent Derivative

Sesquiterpene lactones are secondary plant metabolites with sundry biological effects. In plants, they are synthesized, among others, for pesticidal and antimicrobial effects. Two such compounds, archangelolide and trilobolide of the guaianolide type, are structurally similar to the well-known and clinically tested lactone thapsigargin. While trilobolide has already been studied by us and others, there are only scarce reports on the biological activity of archangelolide. Here we present the preparation of its fluorescent derivative based on a dansyl moiety using azide–alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition having obtained the two sesquiterpene lactones from the seeds of Laserpitium archangelica Wulfen using supercritical CO2 extraction. We show that dansyl-archangelolide localizes in the endoplasmic reticulum of living cells similarly to trilobolide; localization in mitochondria was also detected. This led us to a more detailed study of the anticancer potential of archangelolide. Interestingly, we found that neither archangelolide nor its dansyl conjugate did exhibit cytotoxic effects in contrast to the structurally closely related counterparts trilobolide and thapsigargin. We explain this observation by a molecular dynamics simulation, in which, in contrast to trilobolide, archangelolide did not bind into the sarco/endoplasmic reticular calcium ATPase cavity utilized by thapsigargin. Last, but not least, archangelolide exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, which makes it promising compound for medicinal purposes.

Download Full-text

Influence of Cooking Process on Phenolic Marker Compounds of Vegetables

International Journal for Vitamin and Nutrition Research ◽

10.1024/0300-9831.73.2.152 ◽

2003 ◽

Vol 73 (2) ◽

pp. 152-159 ◽

Cited By ~ 27

Author(s):

Andlauer ◽

Stumpf ◽

Hubert ◽

Rings ◽

Fürst

Keyword(s):

Phenolic Compounds ◽

Phenolic Acids ◽

Fruits And Vegetables ◽

Flavonoid Glycosides ◽

Plant Metabolites ◽

Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽

Beneficial Effects ◽

Cooking Process ◽

Marker Compounds ◽

Water Volumes

Phenolic compounds are secondary plant metabolites which have long been associated with flavor and color characteristics of fruits and vegetables. These phenolic compounds attract great interest due to their postulated health protecting properties. However, adequate intakes and absorption rate of phenolic compounds are necessary for these beneficial effects. Until now, little is known about alterations of phenolic compounds content by the cooking process. In the present study, the influence of different volumes of cooking water on the amount of selected phenolic marker compounds resting in the vegetables was assessed. In zucchini, rutin was quantified as a marker for flavonoid glycosides. Chlorogenic acid, representative of phenolic acids was analyzed in carrots. In beans, rutin and quercitrin, both belonging to flavonoid glycosides, were investigated. In potatoes, chlorogenic and caffeic acid were determined. The cooking of zucchini, beans and carrots with smaller amounts of water resulted in significant higher content of phenolic phytochemicals in the vegetables compared to cooking with larger water volumes. For potatoes, which showed great variations in content of phenolic acids after cooking, no significant differences in phenolic acids was observed. It can be concluded from these observations, that real intakes of phenolic compounds from cooked vegetables are lower and that the amounts consumed are therefore overestimated.

Download Full-text

Archangelolide: Sesquiterpene lactone with immunobiological potential from Laserpitium archangelica

10.3762/bxiv.2019.38.v1 ◽

2019 ◽

Author(s):

Silvie Rimpelová ◽

Michal Jurášek ◽

Lucie Peterková ◽

Jiří Bejček ◽

Vojtěch Spiwok ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Molecular Dynamics ◽

Cytotoxic Effect ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Sesquiterpene Lactones ◽

Living Cells ◽

Calcium Atpase ◽

Dynamics Simulation ◽

Plant Metabolites ◽

Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽

Fluorescent Derivative

Sesquiterpene lactones are secondary plant metabolites with sundry biological effects. In plants, they are synthesized mainly for their pesticidal, antimicrobial and other effects. Two such compounds, archangelolide and trilobolide of the guaianolide type, are structurally similar to the well-known and clinically tested lactone thapsigargin. Here we present the development of a facile method for isolation of these two sesquiterpene lactones from the seeds of Laserpitium archangelica Wulfen using supercritical CO2 extraction. Furthermore, not much has been reported on biological activity of archangelolide. We prepared its fluorescent derivative based on a dansyl moiety using azide-alkyne Huisgen cycloaddition. We showed that dansyl-archangelolide localized in endoplasmic reticulum of living cells similarly to trilobolide; nevertheless, localization in mitochondria was also detected. This led us to study the anticancer potential of archangelolide. Interestingly, we found that neither archangelolide nor its dansyl conjugate did exhibit cytotoxic effect in contrast to its structurally closely related counterparts trilobolide and thapsigargin. We explain this observation by a molecular dynamics simulation, in which, in contrast to trilobolide, archangelolide did not bind into the sarco/endoplasmic reticular calcium ATPase cavity utilized by thapsigargin. Last, but not least, archangelolide exhibited anti-inflammatory activity, which makes it promising compound for medicinal purposes.

Download Full-text

Cocoa Flavanols: Natural Agents with Attenuating Effects on Metabolic Syndrome Risk Factors

Nutrients ◽

10.3390/nu11040751 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 11 (4) ◽

pp. 751 ◽

Cited By ~ 12

Author(s):

Maria Jaramillo Flores

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Metabolic Syndrome ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Biological Effects ◽

Antioxidant Properties ◽

Laboratory Animals ◽

Protective Effects ◽

Plant Metabolites ◽

Secondary Plant Metabolites

The interest in cacao flavanols is still growing, as bioactive compounds with potential benefits in the prevention of chronic diseases associated with inflammation, oxidative stress and metabolic disorders. Several analytical methodologies support that the flavanols in cacao-derived products can be absorbed, have bioactive properties, and thus can be responsible for their beneficial effects on human health. However, it must be considered that their biological actions and underlying molecular mechanisms will depend on the concentrations achieved in their target tissues. Based on the antioxidant properties of cacao flavanols, this review focuses on recent advances in research regarding their potential to improve metabolic syndrome risk factors. Additionally, it has included other secondary plant metabolites that have been investigated for their protective effects against metabolic syndrome. Studies using laboratory animals or human subjects represent strong available evidence for biological effects of cacao flavanols. Nevertheless, in vitro studies are also included to provide an overview of these phytochemical mechanisms of action. Further studies are needed to determine if the main cacao flavanols or their metabolites are responsible for the observed health benefits and which are their precise molecular mechanisms.

Download Full-text

Narrow-Banded UVB Affects the Stability of Secondary Plant Metabolites in Kale (Brassica oleracea var. sabellica) and Pea (Pisum sativum) Leaves Being Added to Lentil Flour Fortified Bread: A Novel Approach for Producing Functional Foods

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods8100427 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 8 (10) ◽

pp. 427 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Klopsch ◽

Baldermann ◽

Voss ◽

Rohn ◽

Schreiner ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antioxidant Activity ◽

Functional Foods ◽

Ultraviolet B ◽

Flavonoid Glycosides ◽

Uvb Radiation ◽

Plant Metabolites ◽

Minor Response ◽

Secondary Plant Metabolites ◽

Lentil Flour ◽

Secondary Plant

Young kale and pea leaves are rich in secondary plant metabolites (SPMs) whose profile can be affected by ultraviolet B (UVB) radiation. Carotenoids and flavonoids in kale and pea exposed to narrow-banded UVB, produced by innovative light-emitting diodes (LEDs), and subsequently used for breadmaking were investigated for the first time, thus combining two important strategies to increase the SPMs intake. Breads were also fortified with protein-rich lentil flour. Antioxidant activity in the ‘vegetable breads’ indicated health-promoting effects. Lentil flour increased the antioxidant activity in all of the ‘vegetable breads’. While carotenoids and chlorophylls showed a minor response to UVB treatment, kaempferol glycosides decreased in favor of increasing quercetin glycosides, especially in kale. Additionally, breadmaking caused major decreases in carotenoids and a conversion of chlorophyll to bioactive degradation products. In ‘kale breads’ and ‘pea breads’, 20% and 84% of flavonoid glycosides were recovered. Thus, kale and pea leaves seem to be suitable natural ingredients for producing innovative Functional Foods.

Download Full-text