Variability in Physiological Traits Reveals Boron Toxicity Tolerance in Aegilops Species

Boron (B) is an important micronutrient required for the normal growth and development of plants. However, its excess in the soil causes severe damage to plant tissues, which affects the final yield. Wheat, one of the main staple crops, has been reported to be largely affected by B toxicity stress in arid and semi-arid regions of the world. The prevalence of B toxicity stress can be addressed by utilizing wild wheat genotypes with a variant level of stress tolerance. Wild wheat relatives have been identified as a prominent source of several abiotic stress-tolerant genes. However, Aegilops species in the tertiary gene pool of wheat have not been well exploited as a source of B toxicity tolerance. This study explores the root and shoot growth, proline induction, and extent of lipid peroxidation in 19 Aegilops accessions comprising 6 different species and the B-tolerant check wheat cultivar Bolal 2973 grown under Control (3.1 μM B), toxic (1 mM B), and highly toxic (10 mM B) B stress treatment. B toxicity stress had a more decisive impact on growth parameters as compared to the malondialdehyde (MDA) and proline content. The obtained results suggested that even the genotypes with high shoot B (SB) accumulation can be tolerant to B toxicity stress, and the mechanism of B redistribution in leaves should be studied in detail. It has been proposed that the studied Aegilops accessions can be potentially used for genetically improving the B toxicity-tolerance trait due to a high level of variation in the response toward high B toxicity. Though a number of accessions showed suppression in the root and shoot growth, very few accessions with stress adaptive plasticity to B toxicity stress leading to an improvement of shoot growth parameters could be determined. The two accessions, Aegilops biuncialis accession TGB 026219 and Aegilops columnaris accession TGB 000107, were identified as the potential genotypes with B toxicity stress tolerance and can be utilized for developing a pre-breeding material in B tolerance-based breeding programs.

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Growth, histochemical and physiological responses of non-edible oil producing plant (Reutealis trisperma) to gold mine tailings

Biodiversitas Journal of Biological Diversity ◽

10.13057/biodiv/d190416 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 19 (4) ◽

pp. 1294-1302 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

MUHAMMAD HILMI ◽

HAMIM HAMIM ◽

YOHANA C. SULISTYANINGSIH ◽

TAUFIKURAHMAN TAUFIKURAHMAN

Keyword(s):

Mine Tailings ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Physiological Responses ◽

Gold Mine ◽

Histochemical Analysis ◽

Root And Shoot Growth ◽

Gold Mine Tailings ◽

Chlorophyll A And B ◽

Anatomical Characters ◽

High Level

Hilmi M, Hamim H, Sulistyaningsih YC, Taufikurahman. 2018. Growth, histochemical and physiological responses of nonedibleoil producing plant (Reutealis trisperma) to gold mine tailings. Biodiversitas 19: 1294-1302. Reutealis trisperma (Blanco) AiryShaw is a non-edible biodiesel producing plant that is able to grow well in various unfavorable environmental conditions. The studyaimed to analyze the growth, physiological, and anatomical responses of R. trisperma to gold mine tailings. Three-month-old of R.trisperma were grown in 8 kg of polybags contained with mixed soil-compost medium treated with 0, 25, 50 and 100% of gold minetailings for 3 months. Root and shoot growth, physiological and anatomical characters, and histochemical analysis of Pb inside the rootsand leaves were examined. The root and shoot growth as well as chlorophyll a and b contents of R. trisperma grown in sole gold minetailing at 100% significantly decreased, while at the lower concentration of gold mine tailings, the decrease of the growth performanceswas not significant, or even increased shown in that of 25% of tailing treatment. The treatment of gold mine tailing at 100% alsoinduced lipid peroxidation, indicated by the significant increase in malondialdehyde (MDA) contents in the root as well as the leaves.Histochemical analysis showed that accumulation of Pb occurred both in roots as well as in leaves of R. trisperma treated with 100% oftailings. High-level tailing treatment also induced anatomical alteration in roots as well as leaves of the species. These results indicatedthat gold mine tailings induced oxidative stress in roots and leaves of R. trisperma resulted in growth inhibition.

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Effect of Humic Acid on Growth of `Muskogee' Crape Myrtle after Container Shielding Treatments

HortScience ◽

10.21273/hortsci.31.4.659a ◽

1996 ◽

Vol 31 (4) ◽

pp. 659a-659

Author(s):

John G. Schluckebrier ◽

Chris A. Martin

Keyword(s):

Humic Acid ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Acid Extract ◽

Extract Concentration ◽

Root And Shoot Growth ◽

Polyethylene Container ◽

Temperature Controlled ◽

Concentration Levels ◽

Leaf N

Rooted cuttings of crepe myrtle (Lagerstroemia indica L. × L. fauriei `Muskogee') were transplanted into 3.8-L black polyethylene containers filled with a bark-based rooting substrate and exposed for 2 months during Summer 1995 to either of three container shielding treatments: containers shielded from insolation (container shielded inside a whitewashed 11.4-L black polyethylene container), containers exposed to insolation, or containers shielded for 1 month then exposed for 1 month. Mean highest temperature in the western quadrant of rooting substrate of exposed containers was 16°C higher than for those in shielded containers. Containers exposed for 2 months had reduced root and shoot growth and increased leaf N compared with the other two treatments. Crape myrtle plants were next transplanted into 27.0-L polybags, transferred into a temperature-controlled glasshouse, and fertigated to container capacity every 3 days with humic acid extract at concentrations of 0, 50, 150, or 300 μl·L–1 for 2 additional months. Effects of the container shielding treatments for all growth parameters remained evident until the end of the experiment. Shoot and root extension growth of plants previously in containers shielded for 2 months and containers exposed for 2 months, responded in a quadratic fashion to humic acid extract concentration levels.

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Poaceae Orthologs of Rice OsSGL, DUF1645 Domain-Containing Genes, Positively Regulate Drought Tolerance, Grain Length and Weight in Rice

10.21203/rs.3.rs-74931/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Kai Liu ◽

Mingjuan Li ◽

Bin Zhang ◽

Yanchun Cui ◽

Xuming Yin ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Drought Stress ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Molecular Mechanisms ◽

Normal Growth ◽

Growth Conditions ◽

Growth Stages ◽

Grain Length ◽

Drought Stress Tolerance ◽

High Level ◽

Seed Setting Percentage

Abstract BackgroundGrain yield is a polygenic trait influenced by environmental and genetic interactions at all growth stages of the cereal plant. However, the molecular mechanisms responsible for coordinating the trade-off or cross-talk between these traits remain elusive.ResultsWe characterized the hitherto unknown function of four STRESS_tolerance and GRAIN_LENGTH (OsSGL) Poaceae ortholog genes, all encoding DUF1645 domain-containing proteins, in simultaneous regulation of grain length, grain weight, and drought stress-tolerance in rice. In normal growth conditions, the four ortholog genes were mainly expressed in the developing roots and panicles of the corresponding species. Over-expressing or heterologous high-level expressing Poaceae OsSGL ortholog genes conferred remarkably increased grain length, weight, and seed setting percentage, as well as significantly improved drought-stress tolerance in transgenic rice. Microscopical analysis also showed that the transgene expression promoted cell division and development. RNA-seq and qRT-PCR analyses revealed 73.8% (18,711) overlapped DEGs in all transgenic plants. Moreover, GO and KEGG analyses of different comparisons revealed that the key DEGs participating in drought stress-response belonged to hormone (especially auxin and cytokinin) pathways, and signaling processes were apparently affected in the young panicles. ConclusionTogether, these results suggest the four OsSGL orthologs perform a conserved function in regulating stress-tolerance and cell growth by acting via a hormone biosynthesis and signaling pathway. It may also induce a strategy for tailor-made crop yield improvement.

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In vitro screening of potato genotypes for osmotic stress tolerance

Open Agriculture ◽

10.1515/opag-2017-0035 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 2 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Dandena Gelmesa ◽

Nigussie Dechassa ◽

Wassu Mohammed ◽

Endale Gebre ◽

Philippe Monneveux ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Osmotic Stress ◽

Stress Tolerance ◽

Culture Medium ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Field Evaluation ◽

In Vitro Evaluation ◽

Osmotic Stress Tolerance ◽

Drought Tolerant ◽

Root And Shoot Growth

AbstractPotato (Solanum tuberosum L.) is a cool season crop which is susceptible to both drought and heat stresses. Lack of suitable varieties of the crop adapted to drought-prone areas of the lowland tropics deprives farmers living in such areas the opportunity to produce and use the crop as a source of food and income. As a step towards developing such varieties, the present research was conducted to evaluate different potato genotypes for osmotic stress tolerance under in vitro conditions and identify drought tolerant genotypes for future field evaluation. The experiment was carried out at the Leibniz University of Hannover, Germany, by inducing osmotic stress using sorbitol at two concentrations (0.1 and 0.2 M) in the culture medium. A total of 43 genotypes collected from different sources (27 advanced clones from CIP, nine improved varieties, and seven farmers’ cultivars) were used in a completely randomized design with four replications in two rounds. Data were collected on root and shoot growth. The results revealed that the main effects of genotype, sorbitol treatment, and their interactions significantly (P < 0.01) influenced root and shoot growthrelated traits. Under osmotic stress, all the measured root and shoot growth traits were significantly correlated. The dendrogram obtained from the unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean allowed grouping of the genotypes into tolerant, moderately tolerant, and susceptible ones to a sorbitol concentration of 0.2 M in the culture medium. Five advanced clones (CIP304350.100, CIP304405.47, CIP392745.7, CIP388676.1, and CIP388615.22) produced shoots and rooted earlier than all other genotypes, with higher root numbers, root length, shoot and root mass under osmotic stress conditions induced by sorbitol. Some of these genotypes had been previously identified as drought-tolerant under field conditions, suggesting the capacity of the in vitro evaluation method to predict drought stress tolerant genotypes. Most of the genotypes collected from Ethiopia were found to be susceptible to osmotic stress, except one farmers’ cultivar (Dadafa) and two improved varieties (Zemen and Belete). Field evaluation of the tested materials under drought conditions would confirm the capacity of osmotic stress tolerant genotypes to perform well under drought-prone conditions and the potential interest of in vitro evaluation as a pre-screening component in potato breeding programs.

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Toxicity of Zinc on Growth of an Aquatic Macrophyte, Ipomoea Aquatica Forsk

Current World Environment ◽

10.12944/cwe.11.1.27 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 11 (1) ◽

pp. 218-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Laitonjam Chanu ◽

Abhik Gupta

Keyword(s):

Aquatic Ecosystems ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Aquatic Macrophyte ◽

Growth Parameters ◽

Dry Weight ◽

Fresh Weight ◽

High Concentration ◽

Carotene Content ◽

Ipomoea Aquatica ◽

Root And Shoot Growth

The effects of different concentrations of Zn on growth of an aquatic macrophyte, Ipomoea aquatica Forsk. were studied. Fresh weight, dry weight, shoot length, root length, number of nodes, development of leaves, and chlorophyll and carotene contents were the different growth parameters considered. Toxicity symptoms like browning and decaying of roots could be observed in plants treated at 22.7 mg L-1 Zn as early as 3rd day of experiment while yellowing of older leaves appeared during the later period of exposure. High concentration of Zn (12.71 – 22.7 mg L-1) significantly inhibited the growth of plant while lower Zn concentrations up to 4.09 mg L-1 enhanced its growth. However, at 7.26 mg L-1 Zn the chlorophyll as well as total carotene content in leaf of I. aquatica were significantly reduced from that in control on 5th day of exposure and subsequently the reduction was observed in lower concentrations. Thus, I. aquatica can be employed in biomonitoring of Zn polluted aquatic ecosystems using root browning, root and shoot growth inhibition, and chlorophyll and total carotene contents as sensitive biomarkers.

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Oilseed rape genotypes response to boron toxicity

Genetika ◽

10.2298/gensr1302565s ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 45 (2) ◽

pp. 565-574 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Jasna Savic ◽

Ana Marjanovic-Jeromela ◽

Djordje Glamoclija ◽

Slaven Prodanovic

Keyword(s):

Oilseed Rape ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

Boron Toxicity ◽

Good Growth ◽

High Concentration ◽

Relative Growth ◽

Root And Shoot Growth ◽

B Uptake ◽

Nutrient Solutions ◽

Relative Root

Response of 16 oilseed rape genotypes to B (boron) toxicity was analyzed by comparing the results of two experiments conducted in a glasshouse. In Experiment 1 plants were grown in standard nutrient solutions with 10 ?MB (control) and 1000 ?M B. Relative root and shoot growth varied from 20-120% and 31-117%, respectively. Variation in B concentration in shoots was also wide (206.5-441.7 ?g B g-1 DW) as well as total B uptake by plant (62.3-281.2 ?g B g1). Four selected genotypes were grown in Experiment 2 in pots filled with high B soil (8 kg ha-1 B; B8). Shoot growth was not affected by B8 treatment, while root and shoot B concentration was significantly increased compared to control. Genotypes Panther and Pronto which performed low relative root and shoot growth and high B accumulation in plants in Experiment 1, had good growth in B8 treatment. In Experiment 2 genotype NS-L-7 had significantly lower B concentration in shots under treatment B8, but also very high B accumulation in Experiment 1. In addition, cluster analyses classified genotypes in three groups according to traits contrasting in their significance for analyzing response to B toxicity. The first group included four varieties based on their shared characteristics that have small value for the relative growth of roots and shoots and large values of B concentration in shoot. In the second largest group were connected ten genotypes that are heterogeneous in traits and do not stand out on any characteristic. Genotypes NS-L-7 and Navajo were separated in the third group because they had big relative growth of root and shoot, but also a high concentration of B in the shoot, and high total B uptake. Results showed that none of tested genotypes could not be recommended for breeding process to tolerance for B toxicity.

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Isolation and identification of IAA producing endosymbiotic bacteria from Gracillaria corticata (J. Agardh)

International Journal of Bioassays ◽

10.21746/ijbio.2016.12.0012 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 5 (12) ◽

pp. 5179

Author(s):

Ilahi Shaik* ◽

P. Janakiram ◽

Sujatha L. ◽

Sushma Chandra

Keyword(s):

Acetic Acid ◽

Culture Filtrate ◽

Indole Acetic Acid ◽

Shoot Growth ◽

High Salinity ◽

Saline Soils ◽

Bacterial Strains ◽

Isolation And Identification ◽

Endosymbiotic Bacteria ◽

Root And Shoot Growth

Indole acetic acid is a natural phytohormone which influence the root and shoot growth of the plants. Six (GM1-GM6) endosymbiotic bacteria are isolated from Gracilaria corticata and screened for the production of IAA out of six, three bacterial strains GM3, GM5 and GM6 produced significant amount of IAA 102.4 µg/ml 89.40 µg/ml 109.43 µg/ml respectively. Presence of IAA in culture filtrate of the above strains is further analyzed and confirmed by TLC. As these bacterial strains, able to tolerate the high salinity these can be effectively used as PGR to increase the crop yield in saline soils.

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