scholarly journals Identifying Traits Associated With Terminal Drought Tolerance in Sesame (Sesamum indicum L.) Genotypes

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brij Bihari Pandey ◽  
P. Ratnakumar ◽  
B. Usha Kiran ◽  
Mangesh Y. Dudhe ◽  
G. Sowjanya Lakshmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Molecular Diversity ◽  
Allelic Variation ◽  
Phenotypic Diversity ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Ssr Loci

Sesame is predominantly cultivated in rainfed and low fertile lands and is frequently exposed to terminal drought. Sesamum species inhabiting dryland ecosystems adaptively diverge from those inhabiting rainfed habitats, and drought-specific traits have a genetic basis. In sesame, traits associated with drought conditions have not been explored to date, yet studies of these traits are needed given that drought is predicted to become more frequent and severe in many parts of the world because of climate change. Here, 76 accessions from the available Indian core set were used to quantify variation in several traits under irrigated (WW) and terminal drought stress (WS) conditions as well as their association with seed yield over two consecutive years. The range of trait variation among the studied genotypes under WW and WS was significant. Furthermore, the traits associated with seed yield under WW and WS differed. The per se performance of the accessions indicated that the expression of most traits was reduced under WS. The correlation analysis revealed that the number of branches, leaf area (LA), leaves dry weight (LDW), number of capsules plant–1, and harvest index (HI) were positively correlated with seed yield under WW and WS, and total dry matter (TDM), plant stem weight, and canopy temperature (CT) were negatively correlated with seed yield under WW and WS, indicating that smaller and cooler canopy genotypes had higher yields. The genotypes IC-131936, IC-204045, IC-204861, IC-205363, IC-205311, and IC-73576 with the highest seed yields were characterized by low canopy temperature, high relative water content, and high harvest index under WS. Phenotypic and molecular diversity analysis was conducted on genotypes along with checks. Phenotypic diversity was assessed using multivariate analysis, whereas molecular diversity was estimated using simple sequence repeat (SSR) loci to facilitate the use of sesame in breeding and genetic mapping. SSRs showed low allelic variation, as indicated by a low average number of alleles (2.31) per locus, gene diversity (0.25), and polymorphism information content (0.22). Cluster analysis (CA) [neighbor-joining (NJ) tree] revealed three major genotypic groups and structure analysis showed 4 populations. The diverse genotypes identified with promising morpho-physiological traits can be used in breeding programs to develop new varieties.

scholarly journals Cycocel Priming and Foliar Application Affect Yield Components of Rapeseed (Brassica Napus L.)

2014 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
A. Pourmohammad ◽  
F. Shekari ◽  
V. Soltaniband
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Seed Priming ◽  
Development Stage ◽  
Brassica Napus L ◽  
Harsh Conditions

ABSTRACT A factorial based on RCBD experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of priming and foliar spray of cycocel on rapeseed yield components. Treatments were included; seed priming (0, 600, 900, 1200, 1500 μM) and foliar spray (0, 600, 1200 μM) with cycocel at development stage of flower buds. The results revealed that seed priming with cycocel significantly increased emerged plant number per plot, silique dry weight in the main stems and branches, plant dry weight, branches number, silique number in the main stems and branches, seed number in branches, 1000 seeds weight, and seed yield in non-stress conditions. Foliar application with cycocel also increased plant dry weight, 1000 seeds weight in branches, harvest index and seed yield. Moreover, interaction effect of priming and foliar application of cycocel increased plant dry weight and 1000 seeds weight with branches. CCC foliar application during the early stages of reproductive stage went to elevated plant dry weight and 1000 seeds weight in auxiliary branches and, also increased harvest index and grain yield. Mean comparison and interaction effects of traits also revealed that, appropriate levels of CCC had the meaningful effects on any agronomic and physiological trait. However, the most meaningful impact in most traits was traced in case with primed seed with 900 and 1500 μM CCC. Overall, owing to the present data, CCC priming under both normal and harsh conditions may raise the germination related traits, seedling establishment, plant growth and ultimately may goes to increased yield.

scholarly journals Yield of Indeterminate, Small-vine Cowpea Cultivars Unaffected by Uniformity of Within-row Spacing

HortScience ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 30 (5) ◽  
pp. 994-996 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brian A. Kahn ◽  
Peter J. Stoffella ◽  
Daniel I. Leskovar ◽  
James R. Cooksey
Keyword(s):  
Seed Yield ◽  
Vigna Unguiculata ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Random Sequence ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Random Sequences ◽  
Cowpea Cultivars ◽  
Seed Spacing ◽  
Precision Planting

Cowpea [Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.] planters can produce variable within-row seed spacing. We determined whether precision planting of cowpea would produce a yield advantage over more random planting at the same rate. Studies were conducted from May 1992 to Feb. 1993 at three locations: Uvalde, Texas; Bixby, Okla.; and Fort Pierce, Fla. Seeds of the indeterminate, small-vine cowpea cultivars Mississippi Silver and Pinkeye Purplehull BVR were hand-planted at 42 per 3.15 m of row. Seeds within rows were either spaced uniformly at 7.5 cm [control, with sd = 0] or in one of two random sequences (sd = 4.8). At harvest, in Oklahoma and Florida, mean within-row spacings were similar, but sd values of random-sequence plots remained greater than those of control plots. Control plots averaged four more plants at harvest than random-sequence plots in Texas. However, seed yield (seed dry weight per hectare) and harvest index were unaffected by uniformity of within-row spacing at all three locations. Thus, precision seeding of indeterminate, small-vine cowpea cultivars seems unlikely to produce a yield advantage over more random planting at the same rate.

scholarly journals Effects of water stress applied at different phenological phases of chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 13-21
Author(s):  
L Mekonnen
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Seed Weight ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Pot Experiment ◽  
Seed Filling ◽  
Days To Flowering ◽  
Filling Water

A pot experiment was conducted to evaluate the response of two chickpea varieties to water stress at the College of Agriculture campus, Hawassa University under greenhouse from January to June 2017. Three water stress levels i.e. without stress (control), vegetative water stress and seed filling water stress were assigned as main plot, chickpea varieties Habru (Kabuli type) and Mastewal (Desi type). The treatments were laid in split plot design with four replications. The results showed that water stress significantly affected all parameters studied in this experiment. The seed filling water stress resulted greater reductions in the value of all tested parameters studied compared to optimum watering and vegetative stress except number of primary branches and harvesting index, which were significantly lower under vegetative water stress. As well, the two varieties significantly differed for all observed parameters except number of nodules per plant and nodule dry weight. Days to flowering, pod maturity, number of pods per plant, number of seeds per pod and harvest index were significantly higher for Mastewal variety while, plant height, number of primary branches, number of secondary branches, dry biomass, seed yield per plant, hundred seed weight and root dry weight were greater for Habru variety. Days to flowering, plant height, seed yield per plant, hundred seed weight, number of pods per plant and harvest index were significantly affected (p<0.05) due to all two way interactions. Water management schemes that ensure to avoid especially terminal water stress could help to maintain chickpea production, which is usually grown with residual moisture by the majority of Ethiopian farmers. Given the fact that the results are obtained from a pot experiment there is a need to substantiate the findings with field experiments conducted under contrasting moisture environments. Int. J. Agril. Res. Innov. Tech. 10(1): 13-21, June 2020

Pod set and seed yield as affected by cytokinin application and terminal drought in narrow-leafed lupin

1997 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 81 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. A. Palta ◽  
C. Ludwig
Keyword(s):  
Water Deficit ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Field Capacity ◽  
Breeding Line ◽  
Seed Number ◽  
First Order ◽  
Painting Technique ◽  
Terminal Drought ◽  
Filled Seeds

An individual flower-painting technique that utilises N6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) to increase pod set was used on an indeterminate cultivar of narrow-leafed lupin (Lupinus angustifolius L. cv. Merrit) and on a breeding line with restricted branching (84A/241) to examine the interaction between pod set, water deficit, and seed yield. Petals and sepals of each flower on each inflorescence were painted with a 0·002 M solution of BAP every day from the first day the flower opened to the day it senesced. A water deficit was induced, after flowering on the first-order apical branch, in half of the plants. The other half were maintained at a soil water content close to field capacity. Leaf water potential and leaf conductance declined and remained at about –1·25 MPa and 300 mmol/m2· s, respectively, in the treatments in which a terminal water deficit was induced. Application of BAP to flowers had no effect on plant-water relations. The water deficit reduced the number of pods that reached maturity (mature pods) when no BAP was applied and increased seed yield in pods that filled seeds. Application of BAP increased the number of pods that reached maturity. However, the additional pods that reached maturity produced unfilled seeds. Seed yield and harvest index were reduced in the BAP treatments, mainly as a result of a reduction in seed number. An increase in seed abortion during seed filling probably caused the reduction in seed number. We conclude that the reduction in seed number and pod filling resulted from a shortage of assimilates to fill all the mature pods produced.

scholarly journals Genetic diversity analysis of soybean genotypes using SSR markers for salinity tolerance

2019 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
M Moniruzzaman ◽  
RM Saiem ◽  
RM Emon ◽  
MS Haque ◽  
NR Saha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Distance ◽  
Ssr Markers ◽  
Gene Diversity ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Null Alleles ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Root And Shoot Length ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Ssr Loci

Soil salinity is a major constraint to soybean production. Five soybean genotypes were grown in pots with hydroponic culture under control and different salt stressed conditions to observe salt tolerance capacity on the basis of phenotypic screening and measure genetic diversity and relatedness among the genotypes. Minimum effects of salinity on root and shoot length was observed in Binasoyben-3, GC840 and Binasoyben-5at different salt stresses. Root dry weight and shoot dry weight of different soybean genotypes under different salt stresses were depicted. The highest reduction in root weight was noted in Binasoybean-1. The same genotypes were used to assess genetic diversity among them with simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers. A total of 33 alleles were detected among 5 soybean genotypes by using 10SSR markers. The number of alleles per locus ranged from 2 to 5, with an average of 3.33 alleles across the 10 loci. Rare alleles were observed at 10 SSR loci with an average of 2.8 alleles per locus. In this experiment, two SSR loci were found to be null alleles. The average values of null allele were 0.2. PIC values ranged from 0.27 in Satt184 to 0.77 in Satt339 with the average value of 0.56.The major allele frequency of the most common allele at each locus ranged from 0.80 in Satt184 to 0.20 in Satt339with a mean frequency of 0.48. The size of the different major alleles at different loci ranged from 173 bp for Satt509 to 407 bp for Satt339. The highest gene diversity (0.80) was observed in loci Satt339 and the lowest gene diversity (0.32) was observed in loci Satt184 with the mean diversity of 0.61. The lowest genetic distance (0.60) was observed in Asset vs Binasoybean-3 and Binasoybean-5 vs Binasoybean-3. The highest genetic distance (1.0) was observed between a numbers of genotype pairs with GC840 vs Asset. The UPGMA cluster analysis led to the grouping of the 5 genotypes into two major clusters. GC840, an advanced line identified to be salt tolerant, together with Binasoybean-5 and Binasoybean-3 clustered in the same sub group. The results from morphological and molecular study suggested that GC840 and Binasoybean-3 are moderately tolerant to salt stress. Progressive Agriculture 30 (1): 1-9, 2019

Influence of Canopy Temperature (CT) During Grain-Filling Period on Yield and Effects of Several CT-Associated SSR Loci

2015 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 548 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dong-Ling ZHANG ◽  
Hong-Na ZHANG ◽  
Chen-Yang HAO ◽  
Lan-Fen WANG ◽  
Tian LI ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Canopy Temperature ◽  
Grain Filling ◽  
Ssr Loci ◽  
Grain Filling Period

scholarly journals Influence of Organic and Inorganic Fertilizers on Coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.) Agronomic Traits, Essential Oil and Components under Semi-Arid Climate

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1427
Author(s):  
Gulen Ozyazici
Keyword(s):  
Essential Oil ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Coriandrum Sativum ◽  
Inorganic Fertilizers ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Biological Yield

Environmental contamination and the excessive use of inorganic fertilizers resulting in stagnant yields of field crops which necessitate the utilization of combined fertilization approach under changing climatic conditions. Current study was aimed to clarify the influence of several fertilizer sources (chemical, organic, organomineral fertilizers) on yield and quality of coriander (Coriandrum sativum L.). The results revealed that the fertilizer sources significantly affected the yield of coriander cultivars. The absence of “Year x Variety x Fertilizer Type” interactions for any of the noted parameters signaled that the detected “Variety x Fertilizer Type” interactions were constant regardless of the year factor. The recorded values of traits according to fertilizer sources different for the plant height from 61.85 to 69.67 cm, number of branches from 5.98 to 7.71 (piece/plant), number of umbels per the main umbel from 5.62 to 7.18 pieces, seed yield from 1.06 to 1.66 t/ha, the biological yield from 4.29 to 5.70 t ha−1, harvest index from 25.29 to 29.41%, essential oil ratio from 0.29 to 0.33%, and essential oil yield from 3.1 to 5.6 L ha−1. Erbaa variety was observed to be superior over the rest of the varieties producing the maximum values of 6.5 L ha−1 of essential oil, 0.36% essential oil content, 30.9% harvest index, 1.81 t/ha seed yield, and 5.9 t ha−1 biological yield with the treatment of chemical fertilizers.

scholarly journals High Phosphorus Acquisition and Allocation Strategy Is Associated with Soybean Seed Yield under Water- and P-Limited Conditions

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 574
Author(s):  
Yun-Yin Feng ◽  
Jin He ◽  
Yi Jin ◽  
Feng-Min Li
Keyword(s):  
Water Stress ◽  
Water Supply ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Water Regimes ◽  
P Acquisition ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Water Treatments

Both water stress and P deficit limit soybean seed yield, but the effects of water regimes and P application rates, their interaction on P status, acquisition, and partitioning, and their roles in yield performance have not been well-studied. Two soybean genotypes (Huangsedadou (HD) and Zhonghuang 30 (ZH)) with contrasting seed yield and root dry weight (DW) were used to investigate the P status, P acquisition, P partitioning, and yield formation under two water regimes (well-watered (WW) and cyclic water stress (WS)) and three P rates (0 (P0), 60 (P60), and 120 (P120) mg P kg−1 dry soil). The results show that increased P and water supply increased the seed yield, shoot and root DW and P concentrations and accumulations in different organs. Cultivar ZH had a significantly higher seed yield than HD at P60 and P120 under WS and at P0 under WW, but a lower seed yield at P60 and P120 under WW. Cultivar ZH had a significantly higher P harvest index and P acquisition efficiency, but a significantly lower shoot and root DW than HD. The interaction between water treatments and P rates had significant effects on leaf and stem P concentration. Cultivar ZH had significantly lower P partitioning to leaves and stems but significantly higher P partitioning to seeds than HD. The seed yield was positively correlated with leaf and seed P accumulations and P acquisition efficiency under WS. We conclude that (1) adequate water supply improved the P mobilization from leaves and stems at maturity, which may have improved the seed yield; and (2) the high P acquisition efficiency is coordination to high P partition to seeds to produce a high seed yield under water- and P-limited conditions.

Interference and Seed Production by Common Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) in Soybeans (Glycine max)

Weed Science ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 38 (2) ◽  
pp. 113-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Kent Harrison
Keyword(s):  
Seed Production ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Chenopodium Album ◽  
Soybean Seed ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Threshold Level ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
Significant Treatment ◽  
Weed Biomass ◽  
Common Lambsquarters

Multiple regression and response surface plots were used to analyze the effects of common lambsquarters population density and interference duration on weed growth and soybean seed yield. Under favorable growing conditions in 1986, weed biomass production at all population densities and interference durations was four to five times that produced in 1987, under less favorable conditions. However, there was no significant treatment by year interaction for soybean seed yield reduction by common lambsquarters, and production of each kg/ha weed biomass resulted in an average soybean yield reduction of 0.26 kg/ha. Utilizing 5% yield loss as an arbitrary threshold level, the regression equation predicted a common lambsquarters density threshold of 2 plants/m of row for 5 weeks of interference after crop emergence and 1 plant/m of row for 7 weeks. Seed production by individual common lambsquarters plants was highly correlated (r=0.92) with weed dry weight, and seed production ranged from 30 000 to 176 000 seeds/plant.

Effect of varying seeding rates on hybrid and conventional summer rape performance in Manitoba

1992 ◽  
Vol 72 (3) ◽  
pp. 635-641 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. E. Van Deynze ◽  
P. B. E. McVetty ◽  
R. Scarth ◽  
S. R. Rimmer
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Chlorophyll Content ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Oil Content ◽  
Seed Quality ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Seed Formation ◽  
Matter Production

To compare the effects of varying seeding rate on the agronomic performance, phenology and seed quality of hybrid and conventional summer rape cultivars, four hybrid and two conventional summer rape cultivars were seeded at 1.5, 3.0, 4.5, 6.0 and 9.0 kg ha−1 at two locations for 3 yr. The hybrid cultivars were, very importantly, 24% higher yielding and produced 50% more total dry matter than the conventional cultivars. The hybrid cultivars were, on average, 1.3% lower in seed oil content, 1.0% higher in seed protein content and equal in sum of oil and protein in the seed compared with the conventional cultivars. The hybrid cultivars were on average, 1.3 d later to 50% flowering and 1.1 d later to maturity than the average for the conventional cultivars, (i.e., equal or earlier to flowering and maturity than Regent). The hybrid cultivars were also 3.9% lower in harvest index and 1.3 ppm lower in chlorophyll content than the conventional cultivars. In spite of these differences, there were no significant cultivar-by-seeding-rate interactions, indicating that the hybrid and conventional cultivars responded similarly to varying seeding rate. Lodging, days to 50% flowering, days to maturity, harvest index, survival, oil content and protein content displayed significant linear responses to varying seeding rate. Stand at maturity, seed yield and total dry matter production displayed significant linear and quadratic responses to varying seeding rate. Varying seeding rate had no effect on seed formation period, the sum of oil and protein content, or chlorophyll content. A seeding rate of 6 kg ha−1 maximized seed yield for both hybrid and conventional summer rape cultivars.Key words: Brassica napus, canola, seed quality, agronomy, phenology

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