scholarly journals Personality and Mind-Wandering Self-Perception: The Role of Meta-Awareness

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Miguel Ibaceta ◽  
Hector P. Madrid
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Mind Wandering ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Psychological Process ◽  
Self Perception

Mind-wandering is a psychological process involving the emergence of spontaneous thoughts in daily life. Research has shown that mind-wandering influences diverse psychological outcomes; however, less is known about possible individual differences that may drive mind-wandering. In this study, we argue that personality traits, expressed in neuroticism and openness to experience, may lead to the individual’s self-perception of their mind-wandering activity, due to meta-awareness processes. In a three-wave survey study with 273 college students, we gathered data which supported a positive association of both neuroticism and openness to experience with mind-wandering self-perception, mediated by the individual’s meta-awareness. Thus, this study contributes to the literature on spontaneous thinking by showing that mind-wandering processes may be a function of individual differences expressed in personality traits.

Investment Traits and Intelligence in Adulthood

2013 ◽  
Vol 34 (2) ◽  
pp. 82-89 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sophie von Stumm
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Fluid Intelligence ◽  
Need For Cognition ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Intelligence Tests ◽  
Crystallized Intelligence ◽  
New Knowledge ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

Intelligence-as-knowledge in adulthood is influenced by individual differences in intelligence-as-process (i.e., fluid intelligence) and in personality traits that determine when, where, and how people invest their intelligence over time. Here, the relationship between two investment traits (i.e., Openness to Experience and Need for Cognition), intelligence-as-process and intelligence-as-knowledge, as assessed by a battery of crystallized intelligence tests and a new knowledge measure, was examined. The results showed that (1) both investment traits were positively associated with intelligence-as-knowledge; (2) this effect was stronger for Openness to Experience than for Need for Cognition; and (3) associations between investment and intelligence-as-knowledge reduced when adjusting for intelligence-as-process but remained mostly significant.

It’s the Situation and Your Disposition: A Test of Two Honesty Hypotheses

2020 ◽  
pp. 194855061989897 ◽  
Author(s):  
David M. Markowitz ◽  
Timothy R. Levine
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Dark Triad ◽  
Current Experiment ◽  
Experimental Task ◽  
Personality Dimensions ◽  
Situational Influences ◽  
Public Data

Research has documented substantial individual differences in the proclivity for honesty or dishonesty and that personality traits meaningfully account for variations in honesty–dishonesty. Research also shows important situational variation related to deception, as situations can motivate or discourage dishonest behaviors. The current experiment examines personality and situational influences on honesty–dishonesty in tandem, arguing that their effects may not be additive. Participants ( N = 114) engaged in an experimental task providing the opportunity to cheat for tangible gain. The situation varied to encourage or discourage cheating. Participants completed the HEXACO-100 and the Dark Triad of Personality scales. Both situational variation and personality dimensions predicted honesty–dishonesty, but the effects of personality were not uniform across situations. These results were also supported using public data from an independent, multilab sample ( N = 5,757). We outline how these results inform our understanding of deception, situational influences, and the role of disposition in honesty.

scholarly journals Time for work: Analyzing the role of time perspectives in work attitudes and behaviors

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Wojtkowska ◽  
Maciej Stolarski ◽  
Gerald Matthews
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Work Engagement ◽  
Time Perspective ◽  
Work Behaviors ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Attitudes And Behaviors ◽  
And Behaviors

AbstractPrevious research has provided strong evidence for a pronounced role of time perspective (TP) in various areas of human functioning, including cognitive processes, mental and physical health, environmental behaviors, and relationship quality. The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of individual differences in TP in work-related attitudes and behaviors. In a sample of 200 office workers, we administered a set of questionnaires measuring TPs, job satisfaction, work engagement, Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) and Counterproductive Work Behavior (CWB). Additionally, we controlled for the Big Five personality traits which may be related to the work-related outcomes of interest. Analyses of the data revealed that Future-Positive TP predicted more desired work-related outcomes, i.e., higher job satisfaction, work engagement, and OCB, and lower CWB. An opposite pattern of associations was observed for Present-Fatalistic, Deviation from Balanced Time Perspective, and (partially) for Future-Negative TPs. The vast majority of these effects were still significant after controlling for personality traits. Using path modelling we also demonstrated that the effects of TPs on work behaviors (OCB and CWB) are mostly mediated by job satisfaction and engagement. The present results suggest that TP theory may prove to be a useful tool in organizational psychology for understanding individual differences in work behaviors.

scholarly journals Music Preference Dimensions and Personality Traits Among University Students

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-373
Author(s):  
Summaira Naz ◽  
Anila Kamal ◽  
Mussarat Jabeen Khan ◽  
Humaira Bibi
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Negative Relationship ◽  
Positive Association ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Music Preference ◽  
Preference Scale ◽  
Short Test ◽  
Three Stages ◽  
Age Range ◽  
The Relationship

The present study explored the relationship between music reference dimensions and personality trait. This study comprised of three stages. In Stage-I, adaptation of Short Test of Music Preference Scale (STOMP; Rentfrow & Gosling, 2003) was done. In Stage-II the psychometric properties of adapted STOMP Scale and NEO-PI-R (Costa & McCrea, 1992) were determined on a sample of 60 students (20-25 years). Stage-III involved measuring the relationship between music preference dimensions and personality traits on sample of 250 students age range of 20-25 years. Results revealed that extraversion, openness to experience, and agreeableness showed positive association with intense and rebellious music, upbeat and conventional music, and reflective and complex music. Whereas extraversion and openness to experience was negatively associated with energetic and rhythmic music. Additionally, neuroticism was negatively related with reflective and complex music, and agreeableness has negative relation with intense and rebellious music. Conscientiousness has negative relationship with reflective and complex, intense and rebellious, and upbeat and conventional; while exhibited positive relationship with energetic and rhythmic music. Future implications of the study were also discussed.

scholarly journals The role of personality in COVID-19 related perceptions, evaluations, and behaviors: Findings across five samples, nine traits, and 17 criteria

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ingo Zettler ◽  
Christoph Schild ◽  
Lau Lilleholt ◽  
Lara Kroencke ◽  
Till Utesch ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Big Five ◽  
Social Cohesion ◽  
Age Effects ◽  
Gender And Age ◽  
The World ◽  
Personal Perceptions ◽  
And Behaviors

People and institutions around the world have been affected by the Coronavirus Disease 2019 (COVID-19). Herein, we investigate the role of both basic (HEXACO and Big Five) and specific (Dark Factor of Personality, Narcissistic Rivalry and Admiration) personality traits for 17 criteria related to COVID-19, grouped into (i) personal perceptions in terms of risks and worries about the disease, (ii) behavioral adjustments in terms of following the health recommendations and hoarding, and (iii) societal evaluations in terms of the appropriateness of different measures and feelings of social cohesion. (Internal) Meta-analytic results across five samples from two countries (overall N = 10,702) show—next to gender and age effects—the importance of several traits, including Emotionality/Neuroticism for personal perceptions and anti- or prosocial traits for behavior in line with health recommendations. The investigation thus highlights the importance of individual differences in uncertain and changing situations and the COVID-19 pandemic in particular.

scholarly journals Quantifying the Predictive Role of Temperament Dimensions and Attachment Styles on the Five Factor Model of Personality

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 145
Author(s):  
Efrat Barel ◽  
Yonathan Mizrachi ◽  
Maayan Nachmani
Keyword(s):  
Individual Differences ◽  
Personality Traits ◽  
Attachment Style ◽  
Adult Attachment ◽  
Attachment Styles ◽  
Attachment Security ◽  
Factor Model ◽  
Five Factor Model ◽  
Self Report

Background: The present study investigated the role of temperament and attachment security in predicting individual differences in the five factor personality traits among adults. As previous studies suggested the potential moderating role of attachment in the association between temperament and personality traits, the present study sought to examine an interactionist model combining attachment and temperament in explaining individual differences in personality traits. Methods: A sample of 1871 participants (1151 women and 719 men) completed self-report measures of adult attachment style (the Relationships Questionnaire—RQ), temperament dimension (the Fisher Temperament Inventory—FTI), and personality domain (the Five Factor Model—FFM). Results: Partial correlational analyses revealed associations between attachment security and each of the five domains of the FFM, and few associations between some temperament dimensions and several domains of the FFM. Moderated regression analyses showed that attachment security moderated the associations between temperament dimensions and the Agreeableness domain of the FFM. Among secure individuals, those with higher scores on the Curious/Energetic, Cautious/Social Norm Compliant and Prosocial/Empathetic scales exhibited higher Agreeableness scores, whereas among insecure individuals, those with higher scores on the Analytic/Tough-minded scale exhibited lower scores on the Agreeableness scale. Conclusion: Overall, the current study provides evidence in support of the substantive role of social-environmental factors (Adult Attachment) as a moderating element bridging temperament-related personality elements and a number of their FFM manifestations.

scholarly journals Followers’ HEXACO personality traits and preference for charismatic, relationship-oriented, and task-oriented leadership

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kimberley Breevaart ◽  
Reinout E. de Vries
Keyword(s):  
Personality Traits ◽  
Charismatic Leadership ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Nomological Network ◽  
Charismatic Leader ◽  
Need Fulfillment ◽  
Task Oriented ◽  
Or Task ◽  
And Task

AbstractThe aim of the current study was to examine the HEXACO personality traits in relation to followers’ preference for charismatic, relationship-oriented, and task-oriented leadership. Based on the similarity perspective, we expected followers high on Honesty-Humility, Extraversion, and Openness to Experience to prefer a charismatic leader, and those followers high on conscientiousness and low on Openness to Experience to prefer a task-oriented leader. In addition, from a need fulfillment perspective, we expected followers high on Emotionality to prefer a task- and a relationship-oriented leader. We examined these expectations using paper vignette methodology in a sample of 272 undergraduates. The results showed that most participants preferred a relationship-oriented leader over a charismatic or task-oriented leader. In addition, we found support for all our hypotheses, with the exception of the relations between Honesty-Humility and preference for charismatic leadership, and Conscientiousness and preference for task-oriented leadership. Our findings contribute to the nomological network of the role of follower characteristics in the leader-follower relationship. Implications and suggestions for research on charismatic leadership are provided.

Absorption and openness to experience: An everyday tale of traits, states, and consciousness change with music

2019 ◽  
pp. 233-253
Author(s):  
Ruth Herbert
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Individual Differences ◽  
Daily Life ◽  
Openness To Experience ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Personality Characteristics ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Five Dimension ◽  
State Models ◽  
And Training

In what ways may individual differences in personality, age, and training shape subjective experiences with and of music? And how far is it possible to determine whether particular personality characteristics may predict the capacity for certain subtle shifts of consciousness such as episodes of spontaneous, effortless involvement? This chapter examines the construct of openness (the fifth and most variably defined ‘Big Five’ dimension) and the associated subconstruct of absorption, both of which have attracted increasing attention from researchers in the last five years. Drawing on a subset of findings from a mixed-methods study of 10–18 year olds’ involvement in music in daily life, the chapter outlines what trait and state models can and cannot reveal about the phenomenology of musical consciousness.

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