scholarly journals A Cognitive-Emotional Model to Explain Message Framing Effects: Reducing Meat Consumption

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Valentina Carfora ◽  
Massimiliano Pastore ◽  
Patrizia Catellani
Keyword(s):  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Message Framing ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Emotional Model ◽  
Message Evaluation ◽  
Positive Health Outcomes ◽  
Negative Health Outcomes ◽  
Processed Meat Consumption

We tested the plausibility of a cognitive-emotional model to understand the effects of messages framed in terms of gain, non-loss, non-gain, and loss, and related to the health consequences of red/processed meat consumption. A total of 544 Italian participants reported their attitude toward reduced red/processed meat consumption and intention to eat red/processed meat (time 1 questionnaire). One week later, participants were randomly assigned to four different message conditions: (a) gain messages focused on the positive health outcomes associated with low meat consumption; (b) non-loss messages focused on the avoided negative health outcomes associated with low meat consumption; (c) non-gain messages focused on the missed positive health outcomes associated with high meat consumption; (d) loss messages focused on the negative health outcomes associated with high meat consumption (message sending). After reading the messages, participants answered a series of questions regarding their emotional and cognitive reactions to the messages, their evaluation of the messages, and again their attitude and intention toward red/processed meat consumption (time 2 questionnaire). Comparing different multivariate linear models under the Bayesian approach, we selected the model with the highest plausibility conditioned to observed data. In this model, message-induced fear influenced systematic processing, which in turn positively influenced message evaluation and attitude, leading to reduced intention to consume red/processed meat. Vice versa, message-induced anger reduced systematic processing, which in turn negatively influenced message evaluation, and led to no effect on attitude and intention. The comparison among message conditions showed that gain and non-loss messages activated integrated emotional and cognitive processing of the health recommendation, while loss and non-gain messages mainly activated emotional shortcuts toward attitude and intention. Overall, these results advance our comprehension of the effects of message framing on receivers' attitudes and intentions.

scholarly journals The power-trust cycle in global health: Trust as belonging in relations of dependency

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-21
Author(s):  
Emma-Louise Anderson ◽  
Laura Considine ◽  
Amy S. Patterson
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Global Health Initiatives ◽  
Health Initiatives ◽  
Power Trust ◽  
Trust And Power ◽  
Positive Health Outcomes ◽  
Exercise Of Discretion ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Trust between actors is vital to delivering positive health outcomes, while relationships of power determine health agendas, whose voices are heard and who benefits from global health initiatives. However, the relationship between trust and power has been neglected in the literatures on both international politics and global health. We examine this relationship through a study of relations between faith based organisations (FBO) and donors in Malawi and Zambia, drawing on 66 key informant interviews with actors central to delivering health care. From these two cases we develop an understanding of ‘trust as belonging’, which we define as the exercise of discretion accompanied by the expression of shared identities. Trust as belonging interacts with power in what we term the ‘power-trust cycle’, in which various forms of power undergird trust, and trust augments these forms of power. The power-trust cycle has a critical bearing on global health outcomes, affecting the space within which both local and international actors jockey to influence the ideologies that underpin global health, and the distribution of crucial resources. We illustrate how the power-trust cycle can work in both positive and negative ways to affect possible cooperation, with significant implications for collective responses to global health challenges.

scholarly journals Patterns of Red and Processed Meat Consumption across North America: A Nationally Representative Cross-Sectional Comparison of Dietary Recalls from Canada, Mexico, and the United States

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
pp. 357
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Frank ◽  
Lindsay M. Jaacks ◽  
Carolina Batis ◽  
Lana Vanderlee ◽  
Lindsey Smith Taillie
Keyword(s):  
North America ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
The United States ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Us ◽  
Total Meat ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
Processed Meat Consumption ◽  
Red And Processed Meat

Close economic ties encourage production and trade of meat between Canada, Mexico, and the US. Understanding the patterns of red and processed meat consumption in North America may inform policies designed to reduce meat consumption and bolster environmental and public health efforts across the continent. We used nationally-representative cross-sectional survey data to analyze consumption of unprocessed red meat; processed meat; and total red and processed meat. Generalized linear models were used to separately estimate probability of consumption and adjusted mean intake. Prevalence of total meat consumers was higher in the US (73.6, 95% CI: 72.3–74.8%) than in Canada (65.6, 63.9–67.2%) or Mexico (62.7, 58.1–67.2%). Men were more likely to consume unprocessed red, processed, and total meat, and had larger estimated intakes. In Mexico, high wealth individuals were more likely to consume all three categories of meat. In the US and Canada, those with high education were less likely to consume total and processed meat. Estimated mean intake of unprocessed red, processed, and total meat did not differ across sociodemographic strata. Overall consumption of red and processed meat remains high in North America. Policies to reduce meat consumption are appropriate for all three countries.

scholarly journals Associations of Human Colorectal Adenoma with Serum Biomarkers of Body Iron Stores, Inflammation and Antioxidant Protein Thiols

Antioxidants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (8) ◽  
pp. 1195
Author(s):  
Ben Schöttker ◽  
Xīn Gào ◽  
Eugène HJM Jansen ◽  
Hermann Brenner
Keyword(s):  
Iron Overload ◽  
Colorectal Adenoma ◽  
Serum Iron ◽  
Transferrin Saturation ◽  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Total Serum ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Underlying Mechanisms ◽  
Processed Meat Consumption

Red and processed meat consumption and obesity are established risk factors for colorectal adenoma (CRA). Adverse changes in biomarkers of body iron stores (total serum iron, ferritin, transferrin and transferrin saturation), inflammation (high-sensitivity C-reactive protein [hs-CRP]) and anti-oxidative capacity (total of thiol groups (-S-H) of proteins [SHP]) might reflect underlying mechanisms that could explain the association of red/processed meat consumption and obesity with CRA. Overall, 100 CRA cases (including 71 advanced cases) and 100 CRA-free controls were frequency-matched on age and sex and were selected from a colonoscopy screening cohort. Odds ratios (OR) and 95% confidence intervals (95%CI) for comparisons of top and bottom biomarker tertiles were derived from multivariable logistic regression models. Ferritin levels were significantly positively associated with red/processed meat consumption and hs-CRP levels with obesity. SHP levels were significantly inversely associated with obesity. Transferrin saturation was strongly positively associated with overall and advanced CRA (ORs [95%CIs]: 3.05 [1.30–7.19] and 2.71 [1.03–7.13], respectively). Due to the high correlation with transferrin saturation, results for total serum iron concentration were similar (but not statistically significant). Furthermore, SHP concentration was significantly inversely associated with advanced CRA (OR [95%CI]: 0.29 [0.10–0.84]) but not with overall CRA (OR [95%CI]: 0.65 [0.27–1.56]). Ferritin, transferrin, and hs-CRP levels were not associated with CRA. Conclusions: High transferrin saturation as a sign of iron overload and a low SHP concentration as a sign of redox imbalance in obese patients might reflect underlying mechanisms that could in part explain the associations of iron overload and obesity with CRA.

‘You should tell somebody’: An evaluation of a survivor stories blog project to motivate sexual assault victims

2021 ◽  
pp. 001789692110164
Author(s):  
Rachel E Riggs
Keyword(s):  
Sexual Assault ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Social Cognitive ◽  
Cognitive Theory ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Sexual Assault Survivors ◽  
Assault Victims ◽  
Positive Health Outcomes ◽  
Blog Posts

Objective: Sexual assault victims often do not disclose their assaults or seek positive health outcomes. The RAINN Survivor Stories project shares testimonials in the form of online blogs from sexual assault survivors to motivate and encourage others to come forward and disclose their assaults. This study aimed to better understand the themes present in the survivor stories to motivate victims to disclose their assaults and seek positive health outcomes. Design: A theoretical thematic analysis was conducted on blog posts created for the project to identify (a) how the posts tell survivor stories and (b) how the posts model positive health outcomes using social cognitive theory and the disclosure processes model as a guide. Setting: Online setting linked to the rainn.org website. Method: Blog posts were collected for inductive thematic analysis. Themes were identified based on their prevalence in the data and their pertinence to the research questions. Results: Emerging themes included (a) overcoming initial disclosure, (b) overcoming the lasting effects of victimisation, (c) utilising support and (d) advocating for others after assault. Conclusion: Findings offer insight to researchers and practitioners creating media messages for sexual assault victims and other stigmatised groups by expanding understanding of modelled positive health outcomes in media and the disclosure process of victims.

Red and processed meat consumption and cancer outcomes: Umbrella review

2021 ◽  
Vol 356 ◽  
pp. 129697
Author(s):  
Yin Huang ◽  
Dehong Cao ◽  
Zeyu Chen ◽  
Bo Chen ◽  
Jin Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Meat Consumption ◽  
Processed Meat ◽  
Cancer Outcomes ◽  
Umbrella Review ◽  
Processed Meat Consumption ◽  
Red And Processed Meat

Understanding Variations in the Health Consequences of Sedentary Behavior: A Taxonomy of Social Interaction, Novelty, Choice, and Cognition

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Wendell C. Taylor
Keyword(s):  
Older Adults ◽  
Social Interaction ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Sedentary Behavior ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Sedentary Behaviors ◽  
Positive Health ◽  
Adverse Health Outcomes ◽  
Important Challenge ◽  
Positive Health Outcomes

The study of sedentary behaviors requires taxonomies (classification schemes) to standardize data collection, measurements, and outcomes. Three taxonomies of sedentary behaviors have been identified, but none address an important challenge in sedentary behavior research, which is to distinguish between beneficial and detrimental health effects of various sedentary behaviors. Some sedentary behaviors (e.g., reading) are associated with positive health outcomes, whereas other sedentary behaviors (e.g., television viewing) are associated with adverse health outcomes. To address directly this complexity and present a different conception and understanding of discrepant findings related to health outcomes, a new taxonomy is needed. The development of the new taxonomy is guided by analysis of literature and selection of a relevant and informative behavioral sciences theoretical framework (i.e., self-determination theory). Because older adults are an increasing percentage of the population and report a high prevalence of sedentary behaviors, the new taxonomy was designed for older adults with potential application to all age groups. Taylor’s taxonomy of sedentary behaviors is parsimonious with four domains: social interaction (i.e., not solitary, companionship, interacting, and connecting with others); novelty (i.e., refreshingly new, unusual, or different); choice (i.e., volition, preferred option or alternative, the power, freedom, or decision to choose); and cognition (i.e., mentally stimulating and engaging).

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