The Sense of Self Over Time: Assessing Diachronicity in Dissociative Identity Disorder, Psychosis and Healthy Comparison Groups

Dissociative experiences have been associated with diachronic disunity. Yet, this work is in its infancy. Dissociative identity disorder (DID) is characterized by different identity states reporting their own relatively continuous sense of self. The degree to which patients in dissociative identity states experience diachronic unity (i.e., sense of self over time) has not been empirically explored. This study examined the degree to which patients in dissociative identity states experienced diachronic unity. Participants were DID adults (n=14) assessed in adult and child identity states, adults with a psychotic illness (n=19), adults from the general population (n=55), children from the general population (n=26) and adults imagining themselves as children (n=23). They completed the Diachronic Disunity Scale (DDS), the Dissociative Experiences Scale (DES), and the Self-Concept Clarity Scale (SCCS). Diachronic disunity was not limited to psychiatric groups, but evident to some degree in all adult and child samples. The DID adult sample experienced more dissociation and self-confusion than the psychosis and adult comparison groups, but did not differ on the diachronic measure. DID patients in their child identity states and child comparisons showed disunity and were significantly different from child simulators, who showed relatively more unity. Results suggest that DID patients in either adult or child dissociative identity states, like those in other samples, do not universally experience themselves as having a consistent sense of self over time.

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Changes over time in prevalence rates of past-year cannabis use by men and women with a psychotic disorder.

10.21203/rs.3.rs-15849/v1 ◽

2020 ◽

Author(s):

Anna Waterreus ◽

Patsy Di Prinzio ◽

Johanna C. Badcock ◽

Mathew T. Martin-Iverson ◽

Vera A. Morgan

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Psychotic Disorder ◽

Age Groups ◽

Population Data ◽

Cannabis Use ◽

Psychotic Illness ◽

Men And Women ◽

National Drug ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

Abstract Background: General population data show cannabis use by younger people is declining but increasing in older adults. Overall, the gap between men and women appears to be narrowing. Little has been documented about sex and age differences in patterns of cannabis use over time by people with a psychotic disorder. We examined rates of past-year cannabis use by sex and age to determine whether use by this population has changed over time. Methods: Data on cannabis use from Australian National Psychosis Surveys (1997, 2010) were analysed by sex and age and compared to National Drug Strategy Household Surveys (1998, 2010). Results: Prevalence of past-year cannabis use by people with psychotic illness dropped significantly from 38.2% to 33.7%. Both sexes showed a decline in use. The steeper decline in use by men aged 18-29 years (70.2% to 47.8%) contributed to a narrowing of the sex gap. Conversely, use by men aged 55-64 increased from 4.8% to 18.8%. General population data showed a similar pattern of change across sex and age groups. Conclusions: Despite declining rates of past-year cannabis use in people with a psychotic illness, rates remain more than double that of the general population. Traditionally, men were more likely to use cannabis than women, but convergence in rates in younger people shows this is changing. Furthermore, cannabis use is not restricted to young people. Increasing use of cannabis by older men will place additional demands on drug and alcohol services.

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Investigating Threat Perception Among Correctional Officers in the Canadian Provincial Correctional System

Qualitative Sociology Review ◽

10.18778/1733-8077.9.3.06 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 9 (3) ◽

pp. 96-120

Author(s):

Rosemary Ricciardelli ◽

Amber Gazso

Keyword(s):

Work Environment ◽

Sense Of Self ◽

Correctional Officers ◽

Self Concept ◽

Threat Perception ◽

Positive Relationships ◽

Self Presentation ◽

Correctional System ◽

Depth Interviews ◽

Over Time

This paper presents findings regarding the perception and experience of threat among correctional officers in the Canadian provincial correctional system. Men employed in provincial remand centers or corrections institutions in diverse provinces across Canada, who interact daily with prisoners, voluntarily participated in detailed 60- to 180-minute in-depth interviews. Analysis of interview transcripts reveals that violence is prevalent and men either experience or anticipate experiencing physical or verbal victimization at work. Additionally, officers employ strategies, such as a confident and authoritative self-presentation, building positive relationships with colleagues, and respectful relationships with prisoners, to mitigate this threat. However, we found that threat to safety extended beyond simply those of physical or verbal victimization to include threat to men’s sense of self. Specifically, victimization and violence or their threat shape officer’s self-concept over time; the ways officers interact within their prison work environment creates a shift in their self that extends beyond the prison walls.

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Exploring the superficial sense of self-concept clarity

PsycEXTRA Dataset ◽

10.1037/e683152011-304 ◽

2011 ◽

Author(s):

Jean Guerrettaz Hancock ◽

Robert M. Arkin

Keyword(s):

Sense Of Self ◽

Self Concept

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Multiple Selves and Multitasking: A Dynamic Longitudinal Study

Communication Research ◽

10.1177/0093650221991493 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 009365022199149

Author(s):

Shan Xu ◽

Zheng Wang

Keyword(s):

College Students ◽

Longitudinal Study ◽

Daily Life ◽

The Self ◽

Daily Activities ◽

Self Concept ◽

Emotional Experiences ◽

Multiple Selves ◽

Dynamic Panel ◽

Over Time

This study integrates the theory of multiple selves within the theoretical framework of dynamic motivational activation (DMA) to identify the dynamic patterns of multiple self-concepts (i.e., the potential self, the actual self) in multitasking (e.g., primary and secondary activities) in daily life. A three-week experience sampling study was conducted on college students. Dynamic panel modeling results suggest that the self-concepts are both sustaining and shifting in daily activities and media activities. Specifically, the potential and actual selves sustained themselves over time in primary and secondary activities, but they also shifted from one to another to achieve a balance in primary activities over time. Interestingly, secondary activities were not driven by the alternative self-concept in primary activities, but instead, by the emotional experiences of primary activities. Furthermore, the findings identified that multitasking to fulfill their actual self did not motivate people to re-prioritize their potential self later.

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Patterns of Survival Among Patients With Myeloproliferative Neoplasms Diagnosed in Sweden From 1973 to 2008: A Population-Based Study

Journal of Clinical Oncology ◽

10.1200/jco.2012.42.1925 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 30 (24) ◽

pp. 2995-3001 ◽

Cited By ~ 112

Author(s):

Malin Hultcrantz ◽

Sigurdur Yngvi Kristinsson ◽

Therese M.-L. Andersson ◽

Ola Landgren ◽

Sandra Eloranta ◽

...

Keyword(s):

General Population ◽

Life Expectancy ◽

Excess Mortality ◽

Myeloproliferative Neoplasms ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Large Population ◽

Relative Survival ◽

Population Based ◽

Population Based Study ◽

Over Time

PurposeReported survival in patients with myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs) shows great variation. Patients with primary myelofibrosis (PMF) have substantially reduced life expectancy, whereas patients with polycythemia vera (PV) and essential thrombocythemia (ET) have moderately reduced survival in most, but not all, studies. We conducted a large population-based study to establish patterns of survival in more than 9,000 patients with MPNs.Patients and MethodsWe identified 9,384 patients with MPNs (from the Swedish Cancer Register) diagnosed from 1973 to 2008 (divided into four calendar periods) with follow-up to 2009. Relative survival ratios (RSRs) and excess mortality rate ratios were computed as measures of survival.ResultsPatient survival was considerably lower in all MPN subtypes compared with expected survival in the general population, reflected in 10-year RSRs of 0.64 (95% CI, 0.62 to 0.67) in patients with PV, 0.68 (95% CI, 0.64 to 0.71) in those with ET, and 0.21 (95% CI, 0.18 to 0.25) in those with PMF. Excess mortality was observed in patients with any MPN subtype during all four calendar periods (P < .001). Survival improved significantly over time (P < .001); however, the improvement was less pronounced after the year 2000 and was confined to patients with PV and ET.ConclusionWe found patients with any MPN subtype to have significantly reduced life expectancy compared with the general population. The improvement over time is most likely explained by better overall clinical management of patients with MPN. The decreased life expectancy even in the most recent calendar period emphasizes the need for new treatment options for these patients.

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Greater Right Hemisphericity is Associated with Lower Self-Esteem in Adults

Perceptual and Motor Skills ◽

10.2466/pms.1991.73.3f.1244 ◽

1991 ◽

Vol 73 (3_suppl) ◽

pp. 1244-1246 ◽

Cited By ~ 16

Author(s):

M. A. Persinger ◽

Katherine Makarec

Keyword(s):

Negative Affect ◽

Sense Of Self ◽

Self Esteem ◽

The Self ◽

Self Concept ◽

Developmental History ◽

Men And Women ◽

History Of

28 men and 32 women were given Vingiano's Hemisphericity Questionnaire and the Coopersmith Self-esteem Inventory. People who reported the greatest numbers of right hemispheric indicators displayed the lowest self-esteem; the correlations were moderately strong ( r>.50) for both men and women. These results support the hypothesis that the sense of self is primarily a linguistic, left-hemispheric phenomenon and that a developmental history of frequent intrusion from right-hemispheric processes can infuse the self-concept with negative affect.

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Behavioral and Self-Concept Changes After Six Months of Enuresis Treatment: A Randomized, Controlled Trial

PEDIATRICS ◽

10.1542/peds.105.s3.935 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 105 (Supplement_3) ◽

pp. 935-940 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Sally Longstaffe ◽

Michael E. K. Moffatt ◽

Jeanne C. Whalen

Keyword(s):

Randomized Controlled Trial ◽

Interaction Effect ◽

Nocturnal Enuresis ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Attention Problems ◽

Self Concept ◽

City Hospital ◽

Randomized Controlled ◽

Changes Over Time ◽

Over Time

Background. Previous studies have suggested changes in self-concept with successful treatment of primary nocturnal enuresis (PNE), but behavioral changes have not been reported as a consistent associated finding. Objective. To determine if self-concept and behavior change after 6 months of treatment of monosymptomatic PNE by conditioning alarm or desmopressin acetate (DDAVP). Design. Randomized, controlled trial in an inner-city hospital clinic. Subjects were 182 children referred or recruited through media publicity, randomly assigned both to 1 of 8 pediatricians and 1 of 3 treatment groups (alarm, DDAVP, or placebo). Included were children >7 years old with PNE, no daytime symptoms, bladder capacity >50% expected, and wetting >3 times a week. Excluded were children with central nervous system disorders or developmental delays, and those currently on DDAVP or alarm. Subjects completed thePiers-Harris Children's Self-Concept Scale and Harter's Perceived Competence Scale for Children (PCSC) at initial visit and after 6 months of treatment. Parents completed the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) at the same times. Results. After 6 months of treatment the Piers-Harris total score showed a highly significant treatment by period interaction effect for DDAVP, a significant effect for alarm, and no effect for placebo. For children who achieved 75% dryness the CBCL showed a treatment by improvement interaction effect that was highly significant for DDAVP and placebo with no effect for alarm. For the PCSC there were no treatment or outcome interaction effects. After 6 months of treatment there were significant changes over time unrelated to outcome or treatment in the Piers-Harris Subscales and in the CBCL Internalizing and Externalizing Scores, and the Social Thought and Attention Problems Subscales. The PCSC was more stable with no changes in total score, and positive changes over time in only 2 Subscales, Scholastic and Social. Conclusion. Children's self-concept improved with the type of treatment and amount of success. Parents' perceptions of behavior improve with type of treatment and amount of success. Children rate their self-concept and some physical attributes better after treatment with any of DDAVP, alarm, or placebo regardless of outcome. Frequent follow-up with emotional support and encouragement appear to be important components of an efficacious intervention for children with nocturnal enuresis.

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Core Self-Evaluations Over Time

Journal of Individual Differences ◽

10.1027/1614-0001/a000314 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 41 (1) ◽

pp. 1-7

Author(s):

Michael C. Tocci ◽

Patrick D. Converse ◽

Nicholas A. Moon

Keyword(s):

Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽

Self Concept ◽

Linear Modeling ◽

Fundamental Nature ◽

Organizational Behaviors ◽

Theoretical Perspectives ◽

Time Periods ◽

New Perspective ◽

Core Self ◽

Over Time

Abstract. Core self-evaluations (CSEs) represent a prominent construct with links to a number of important organizational behaviors and outcomes. Previous research on this variable appears to have assumed that CSE is a stable trait. However, very little research has examined this assumption, particularly over longer time periods. This study investigated this issue, focusing on within-person variability in CSE. Drawing from several theoretical perspectives related to self-concept, we examined the extent to which levels of this construct varied over several years as well as potential predictors of this variability. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated there was substantial within-person variance in CSE over time and this variability was related to income and education. These findings shed additional light on the fundamental nature of CSE, contributing to a new perspective on this construct with potential implications for employees, organizations, and researchers.

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Validation of Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Diagnostic Scale for Children

Journal of Nepal Health Research Council ◽

10.33314/jnhrc.v16i3.1407 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 16 (3) ◽

pp. 264-268

Author(s):

Narmada Devkota ◽

Shishir Subba ◽

Janardan Devkota ◽

Jaya Regmee ◽

Deepika Pokhrel

Keyword(s):

Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

General Population ◽

Attention Deficit ◽

Convergent Validity ◽

Discriminant Validity ◽

Psychometric Validation ◽

Pilot Studies ◽

Scale Evaluation ◽

Hyperactivity Disorder ◽

Comparison Groups

Background: There is no valid Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder diagnostic tool to fit Nepalese culture and language till date. Current study is intended to develop and validate the Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder scale for children in Nepal.Methods: Mixed method study was conducted with 840 samples (i.e. children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder =356, Anxiety =128 and General Population=356).Items generation, scale development and scale evaluation were the three consecutive steps followed to develop and validate the scale.Children with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (already met the Diagnostic and statistical Manual-5 criteria) were further assessed by Kiddie-Schedule for Affective disorders and Schizophrenia (K-SADS-PL), Child and Adolescent Symptoms Inventory (CASI-5) to confirm the diagnosis and psychometric validation. Pilot studies were done for items clarity. Each data obtained from three comparison groups (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder , Anxiety and General Population) were included for standardization process where tests of dimensionality, reliability, validity,calculating norms (cut off) were doneas scale evaluation process.Results: The final version of the scale had 21 items. Three sub-scales (Inattention, Impulsivity and Hyperactivity) were identified by using Principal Axis Factor Analysis.All factors showed strong statistically significant convergent validity and Discriminant validity Cronbach’s alpha of each item is ? 0.91.As total score criteria, 38.5 is considered as the best cut-off point for this scale.Conclusions: By using systematic process, a valid and reliable Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder diagnostic scale is being developed in Nepalese culture and language.Keywords: ADHD; development and validation; executive function.

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