scholarly journals Core Self-Evaluations Over Time

2020 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
Michael C. Tocci ◽  
Patrick D. Converse ◽  
Nicholas A. Moon
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Self Concept ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Fundamental Nature ◽  
Organizational Behaviors ◽  
Theoretical Perspectives ◽  
Time Periods ◽  
New Perspective ◽  
Core Self ◽  
Over Time

Abstract. Core self-evaluations (CSEs) represent a prominent construct with links to a number of important organizational behaviors and outcomes. Previous research on this variable appears to have assumed that CSE is a stable trait. However, very little research has examined this assumption, particularly over longer time periods. This study investigated this issue, focusing on within-person variability in CSE. Drawing from several theoretical perspectives related to self-concept, we examined the extent to which levels of this construct varied over several years as well as potential predictors of this variability. Hierarchical linear modeling analyses indicated there was substantial within-person variance in CSE over time and this variability was related to income and education. These findings shed additional light on the fundamental nature of CSE, contributing to a new perspective on this construct with potential implications for employees, organizations, and researchers.

Using Hierarchical Linear Modeling to Examine Dynamic Performance Criteria Over Time

1997 ◽  
Vol 23 (6) ◽  
pp. 745-757 ◽  
Author(s):  
Diana L. Deadrick ◽  
Nathan Bennett ◽  
Craig J. Russell
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Dynamic Performance ◽  
Individual Performance ◽  
Performance Criteria ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Modeling Analysis ◽  
And Performance ◽  
Over Time ◽  
Dynamic Criteria

The selection literature has long debated the theoretical and practical significance of dynamic criteria. Recent research has begun to explore the nature of individual performance over time. This study contributes to this body of research through a hierarchical linear modeling analysis of dynamic criteria. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of ability in explaining initial job performance, as well as the rate of improvement-or performance trend-among a sample of 408 sewing machine operators over a 24 week period. The results of a hierarchical linear modeling analysis suggest that ability measures are differentially related to initial performance and performance improvement trend.

A Hierarchical Linear Modeling Assessment of Dual-Addiction Status and Change in Sexual Compulsivity over Time

2010 ◽  
Vol 107 (1) ◽  
pp. 236-244 ◽  
Author(s):  
Paul J. Wright
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Sexual Compulsivity ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Treatment Providers ◽  
Research Questions ◽  
Sexually Compulsive ◽  
Over Time

This study examined the association between dual-addiction status and sexual compulsivity over time in a sample of self-identified sexually compulsive males. Hierarchical linear modeling was utilized to address the study's research questions. Dually addicted sexually compulsive males exhibited lower rates of sexual compulsivity than their singularly addicted counterparts initially but displayed less precipitous declines in sexual compulsiveness over time. Implications for treatment providers are discussed.

Abstract WP463: Moderator Role of Preparedness on the Association Between Depression and Quality of Life in Stroke Survivor-Caregiver Dyads

Stroke ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 51 (Suppl_1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gianluca Pucciarelli ◽  
Karen S Lyons ◽  
Silvio Simeone ◽  
Rosaria Alvaro ◽  
Christopher S Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Depressive Symptoms ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Longitudinal Design ◽  
Stroke Survivor ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Rehabilitation Period ◽  
Over Time

Background: Although several studies have clearly shown that depressive symptoms in stroke survivors and caregivers decreases their quality of life (QOL), previous research has not yet analyzed the role of potential moderators in the relationship between the above two variables. Aims: To examine the moderating effect of caregiver preparedness between depressive symptoms and QOL in stroke survivor and caregiver dyads. Methods: Longitudinal design with 222 stroke survivor-caregiver dyads enrolled at survivor discharge from rehabilitation hospitals. Data collection was performed over 12 months. We measured survivor and caregiver QOL dimensions (physical, psychological, social and environmental), depression and preparedness. Hierarchical Linear Modeling was used to test four longitudinal dyadic moderation models (one for each QOL domain). Results: Survivors (50% males) and caregivers (65% females) were 70.8 (SD=11.9) and 52.5 (SD=13.1) years old, respectively. Controlling for baseline covariates, caregiver preparedness significantly moderated the association between survivor depressive symptoms and survivor psychological (B = 0.56, p < .01) and environmental (B = 0.58, p < .01) QOL at baseline and social QOL over time (B = 0.24, p < .05). In each case, higher levels of caregiver preparedness were protective and buffered the influence of survivor depressive symptoms on survivor QOL. Similarly, caregiver preparedness significantly moderated the association between caregiver depressive symptoms and caregiver physical (B = 0.25, p < .01) and environmental (B = 0.18, p < .05) QOL over time. Conclusions: Caregiver preparedness is a positive variable for both members of the dyad and the paper highlights the importance of implementing tailored intervention which could improve caregivers’ preparedness already during the rehabilitation period.

ALBUMIN, HEMOGLOBIN, AND THE TRAJECTORY OF COGNITIVE FUNCTION IN COMMUNITY-DWELLING OLDER JAPANESE: A 13-YEAR LONGITUDINAL STUDY

2016 ◽  
pp. 1-7 ◽  
Author(s):  
H. Murayama ◽  
S. Shinkai ◽  
M. Nishi ◽  
Y. Taniguchi ◽  
H. Amano ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Cognitive Function ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Change ◽  
Albumin Level ◽  
Community Dwelling ◽  
Health Examination ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Function Design ◽  
Over Time

Background: Cognitive function can substantially decline over a long period, and understanding the trajectory of cognitive function is important. However, little is known about the linkage between nutritional biomarkers and long-term cognitive change. Objectives: We analyzed 13-year longitudinal data for older Japanese to examine the associations of serum albumin and hemoglobin levels with the trajectory of cognitive function. Design: Longitudinal study. Setting: Community-based. Participants: A total of 1,744 community-dwelling adults aged 65 years or older who participated in annual health examinations in Kusatsu town, Gunma Prefecture, Japan, from 2002–2014. Measurements: Cognitive function was assessed annually by the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE). Albumin and hemoglobin levels at baseline (the year when a respondent first participated in the health examination) were divided into quartiles. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to analyze intrapersonal and interpersonal differences in cognitive function. Results: Participants’ MMSE scores decreased at an accelerated rate over the 13-year period. Participants with the lowest baseline albumin level (below the first quartile line) showed a greater accelerated decline in MMSE scores over time, compared with those with the highest level (above the third quartile line). Moreover, MMSE scores in participants with a lower hemoglobin level and lower MMSE score at baseline tended to decline faster over time at an accelerated rate. Conclusions: These findings yield new insights about the complex and diverse roles of these nutritional biomarkers on the trajectory of cognitive function in old age.

Evidence of the Construct Validity of the Scale of Economic Abuse

2015 ◽  
Vol 30 (3) ◽  
pp. 363-376 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adrienne E. Adams ◽  
Marisa L. Beeble ◽  
Katie A. Gregory
Keyword(s):  
Construct Validity ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Intimate Partner Abuse ◽  
Economic Consequences ◽  
Financial Resources ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Economic Dimension ◽  
Economic Abuse ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Over Time

This study investigated the construct validity of the Scale of Economic Abuse (SEA). Evidence of construct validity was assessed by examining the relationship between the SEA and an economic outcome, financial resources, as perceived by participants. A sample of 93 women with abusive partners were recruited from a domestic violence organization and interviewed 3 times over a period of 4 months. Hierarchical linear modeling was used to examine the relationship between economic abuse and financial resources over time, controlling for the effects of physical and psychological abuse. The findings indicate that baseline economic abuse was significantly related to baseline financial resources, and within-woman change in economic abuse was significantly predicted change in financial resources over time. The findings suggest that the SEA measures what it is intended to measure: an economic dimension of intimate partner abuse that has damaging economic consequences.

How children's anxiety symptoms impact the functioning of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis over time: A cross-lagged panel approach using hierarchical linear modeling

2018 ◽  
Vol 31 (1) ◽  
pp. 309-323 ◽  
Author(s):  
Denise Ma ◽  
Lisa A. Serbin ◽  
Dale M. Stack
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Anxiety Symptoms ◽  
Self Report ◽  
Childhood And Adolescence ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Adrenal Axis ◽  
Hypothalamus Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Pituitary Adrenal Axis ◽  
Over Time

AbstractAnxiety symptoms in childhood and adolescence can have a long-term negative impact on mental and physical health. Although studies have shown dysregulation of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis is associated with anxiety disorders, it is unclear how and in what direction children's experiences of anxiety symptoms, which include physiological and cognitive–emotional dimensions, impact the functioning of the hypothalamus–pituitary–adrenal axis over time. We hypothesized that higher physiological symptoms would be contemporaneously associated with hypercortisolism, whereas cognitive–emotional symptoms would be more chronic, reflecting traitlike stability, and would predict hypocortisolism over time. One hundred twenty children from the Concordia Longitudinal Risk Research Project were followed in successive data collection waves approximately 3 years apart from childhood through midadolescence. Between ages 10–12 and 13–15, children completed self-report questionnaires of anxiety symptoms and provided salivary cortisol samples at 2-hr intervals over 2 consecutive days. The results from hierarchical linear modeling showed that higher physiological symptoms were concurrently associated with hypercortisolism, involving cortisol levels that remained elevated over the day. In contrast, longitudinal results over the 3 years between data collection waves showed that chronic worry and social concerns predicted hypocortisolism, showing a low and blunted diurnal cortisol profile. These results have implications for broadening our understanding of the links between anxiety, the stress response system, and health across the course of development.

Improving well-being with mobile AI-powered Acceptance Commitment Therapy tool: Pragmatic Retrospective Study (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
נבות נאור ◽  
Alex Frenkel ◽  
Mirène Winsberg
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Effective Means ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Great Promise ◽  
Depression And Anxiety ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Acceptance Commitment Therapy ◽  
Commitment Therapy ◽  
Over Time

BACKGROUND The research and dissemination of smartphones-based apps to deliver coaching and psychological driven intervention had seen a great surge in recent years. Notably, Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) protocols were shown to be uniquely effective in treating symptoms for both depression and anxiety when delivered through smartphone apps. The aim if this study to expand on that work and test the suitability of AI driven intervention delivered directly through popular texting apps. OBJECTIVE This study evaluated our hypothesis that using Kai.ai will result in improved well-being. METHODS A pragmatic retrospective analysis of 2909 users who used Kai.ai on one of the top messaging apps (iMessage, WhatsApp, Discord, Telegram, etc.) Users’ well-being levels were tracked using the WHO-5 well-being questionnaire throughout the engagement with service. Paired sample t-test was used to assess well-being levels pre and post usage, and Hierarchical Linear Modeling was used to examine the change in symptoms over time. RESULTS The median well-being score at the last measurement was better (Mdn = 52) then at the start of the intervention (Mdn = 40), indicating a significant improvement (W=2682927, p<.001, one tailed test). Furthermore, HLM results showed that the improvement in well-being was linearly related to the number of daily messages a user sent (beta =.029, t(81.36)=4, p<.001), as well as the interaction between the number of messages and unique number of days (beta = -.0003, t(81.36)=-2.2, p<.028). CONCLUSIONS mobile based Acceptance Commitment Therapy (ACT) interventions are effective means to improve individuals’ well-being. findings reported in this paper further demonstrate Kai.ai’s great promise in helping individuals improve and maintain high levels of well-being, and thus improve their daily life.

scholarly journals Trajectories of Physical and Emotional Marital Aggression in Midlife Couples

2008 ◽  
Vol 23 (1) ◽  
pp. 18-34 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katrina A. Vickerman ◽  
Gayla Margolin
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Linear Modeling ◽  
Physical Aggression ◽  
Community Sample ◽  
Considerable Variability ◽  
Linear Modeling ◽  
Change Over Time ◽  
Emotional Aggression ◽  
Start Ups ◽  
Over Time

This study used three-level generalized hierarchical linear modeling to examine trajectories of husbands’ and wives’ physical and emotional aggression over three assessments and the effects of years since marriage. In this community sample of 118 couples, physical aggression significantly decreased over time (43% per year). Emotional aggression did not significantly change over time, but trajectories significantly differed for husbands (3% increase) versus wives (10% decrease). Longer-duration marriages had lower physical aggression and, for wives only, lower emotional aggression. Aggression trajectories showed considerable variability: 44%–55% of physically aggressive spouses desisted from one assessment to the next; 5%–12% reported start-ups in physical aggression. Discussion addresses the role of gender and type of aggression in aggression trajectories.

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