scholarly journals Preparing Workplaces for Digital Transformation: An Integrative Review and Framework of Multi-Level Factors

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Brigid Trenerry ◽  
Samuel Chng ◽  
Yang Wang ◽  
Zainal Shah Suhaila ◽  
Sun Sun Lim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Business Models ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Related Factors ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual

The rapid advancement of new digital technologies, such as smart technology, artificial intelligence (AI) and automation, robotics, cloud computing, and the Internet of Things (IoT), is fundamentally changing the nature of work and increasing concerns about the future of jobs and organizations. To keep pace with rapid disruption, companies need to update and transform business models to remain competitive. Meanwhile, the growth of advanced technologies is changing the types of skills and competencies needed in the workplace and demanded a shift in mindset among individuals, teams and organizations. The recent COVID-19 pandemic has accelerated digitalization trends, while heightening the importance of employee resilience and well-being in adapting to widespread job and technological disruption. Although digital transformation is a new and urgent imperative, there is a long trajectory of rigorous research that can readily be applied to grasp these emerging trends. Recent studies and reviews of digital transformation have primarily focused on the business and strategic levels, with only modest integration of employee-related factors. Our review article seeks to fill these critical gaps by identifying and consolidating key factors important for an organization’s overarching digital transformation. We reviewed studies across multiple disciplines and integrated the findings into a multi-level framework. At the individual level, we propose five overarching factors related to effective digital transformation among employees: technology adoption; perceptions and attitudes toward technological change; skills and training; workplace resilience and adaptability, and work-related wellbeing. At the group-level, we identified three factors necessary for digital transformation: team communication and collaboration; workplace relationships and team identification, and team adaptability and resilience. Finally, at the organizational-level, we proposed three factors for digital transformation: leadership; human resources, and organizational culture/climate. Our review of the literature confirms that multi-level factors are important when planning for and embarking on digital transformation, thereby providing a framework for future research and practice.

scholarly journals Behavioural strategy: Adaptability context

Management ◽  
2016 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 256-276 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Piórkowska
Keyword(s):  
Strategic Management ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Adaptive Performance ◽  
Research Directions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Behavioural Strategy ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual

SummaryThe paper is embedded in the following fields: strategic management in terms of behavioural strategy concept, adaptability construct, and micro-foundations realm as well as organizational theory and psychology. Moreover, the paper concerns to some extent a multi-level approach in strategic management involving individual, team, and organizational level. The aim of the paper is to contribute to extend, on one hand, the ascertainment set in the field of behavioural strategy as behavioural strategy encompasses a mindboggling diversity of topics and methods and its conceptual unity has been hard to achieve (Powell, Lovallo, Fox 2011, p. 1371), and on the other hand, to order mixed approaches to adaptability especially to gain insights on micro-level adapting processes (individual adaptability and adaptive performance) in terms of the multi-level approach. The method that has been used is literature studies and the interference is mostly deductive. The structure of the manuscript is four-fold. The first part involves the considerations in the field of adaptability and adaptive performance at the individual level. The issues of adaptability and adaptive performance at the team level have been presented in the second part. The third part encompasses the organizational adaptability assertions. Finally, the conclusion, limitations of the considerations highlighted as well as the future research directions have been emphasized. The overarching key finding is that the behavioural strategy concept may constitute the boundary spanner in exploring and explaining adaptability phenomenon at different levels of analysis.

Breaking Up Isn’t Hard to Do: Exploring the Dissolution of Teachers’ and School Leaders’ Work-Related Ties

2017 ◽  
Vol 53 (4) ◽  
pp. 616-648 ◽  
Author(s):  
James P. Spillane ◽  
Matthew Shirrell
Keyword(s):  
Social Network ◽  
School Leadership ◽  
School Leaders ◽  
Network Models ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
School Staff ◽  
Leadership Positions ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Work Related ◽  
The Individual

Purpose: School leaders are central to the development of work-related ties among school staff. Although prior work has examined the predictors of the presence of work-related ties, little is known about the breakup or dissolution of ties among school staff. This study examines the extent of tie dissolution among school staff, as well as both the individual- and organizational-level predictors of the breakup of ties. Research Methods: This study uses social network analysis of 4 years of survey data from 14 elementary schools in one suburban U.S. district. Social network models predict the likelihood of the breakup of a tie between school staff in three types of networks: close colleague networks, and instructional advice networks in mathematics and language arts. Findings: Work-related ties between school staff dissolve at high rates from year to year, and ties that dissolve generally do not re-form. Aspects of the formal school organization—particularly changing grade levels and losing leadership positions—predict the breakup of ties, while individual-level factors such as commitment to the school, perceptions of school leadership, and beliefs about instruction generally do not predict tie dissolution. Implications for Research and Practice: School leaders should carefully consider grade reassignments and changes in leadership positions, as these changes strongly predict the breakup of ties between school staff. School leaders should also invest in the promotion and maintenance of cross-grade ties after changes to grade-level assignments.

The Context of Terrorism for Managing People in Multinational Enterprises

2021 ◽  
pp. 133-155
Author(s):  
Benjamin Bader ◽  
Carol Reade
Keyword(s):  
Social Identity Theory ◽  
Multinational Enterprises ◽  
Research Field ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Stress Theory ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
As Stress ◽  
The Individual

A number of research studies have been published in recent years dealing with the implications of terrorism for human resource management (HRM)–related issues, mostly at the individual level. Different theoretical perspectives have been utilized, such as stress theory, social identity theory, and social support theory, and the respective studies have contributed to our knowledge in this important research field. Nonetheless, a comprehensive theoretical approach at the organizational level relevant to HRM in the context of terrorism is lacking. To address this shortcoming, this chapter examines extant literature on the influence of terrorism on HRM-related issues, integrates several theoretical approaches that emerge from this literature, and introduces an HRM terrorism-response theory relevant for companies operating in countries afflicted with terrorism. Avenues for future research are discussed and practical implications are derived.

Predictors and Outcomes of U.S. Quality Maternity Leave: A Review and Conceptual Framework

2021 ◽  
pp. 089484532110373
Author(s):  
Haley M. Sterling ◽  
Blake A. Allan
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Conceptual Framework ◽  
Maternity Leave ◽  
Well Being ◽  
The United States ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Subjective Experiences ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Work Related

Maternity leave includes the time that mothers take off from work to care for their baby and heal after childbirth. The United States’ maternity leave provisions lag behind other industrialized countries, resulting in poor quality maternity leave (QML) for many mothers. Accordingly, scholars have begun examining QML, a new construct that captures mothers’ subjective experiences of their leave, including dimensions like time off and flexibility. However, researchers know little about predictors and outcomes of QML. Therefore, in this literature review, we will integrate societal-, work-, and individual-level predictors as well as well-being and work-related outcomes of maternity leave into a testable conceptual framework for QML. This review has important implications for U.S. policy makers and organizations regarding their support of mothers. Future research should continue to build this framework to ensure that mothers and parents in the United States and internationally are provided the QML they need to thrive.

scholarly journals Promotion of Worker’s Health in Qualitative Research Approaches: A Scoping Review

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gerferson André Silva Costa ◽  
Fabiana Goulart de Oliveira ◽  
Celina Maria Modena
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Research ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Working Conditions ◽  
Scoping Review ◽  
Workplace Health Promotion ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Present Moment ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual

Abstract BackgroundIt is known that the investment in promoting health, both at the individual level and at the organizational level can bring benefits to all individuals included in this process. This Scoping Review compares the main results addressed in Brazilian qualitative researches and in other countries that addressed the topic of workers’ health promotion.Methods Thirty-three articles were selected for analysis from the SciELO, BVS - BDENF/Index, PubMed, and LILACS databases. Scientific articles that used a qualitative or quantitative-qualitative approach in Portuguese, English or Spanish, during the period from 2009 to the present moment of our Review (October 2019) were included. This Scoping Review was guided by Arksey and O’Malley’s framework.Results The literature review allowed the discussion on the following related topics: worker’s social participation in health decisions, perceptions/meanings about health promotion, working conditions and worker’s suffering, working conditions and the risk of illness, worker’s awareness, and changes in lifestyles, employers’ stereotypes about their workers and health promotion, the use of technology in health promotion interventions, the importance of communication in promoting workers’ health and social support at work for carrying out health promotion actions.ConclusionThis study showed differences in the research analyzed and provided the mapping of the main results that may support future research and changes in worker’s health policies in general. While in Brazil, studies are still focused on workers’ perceptions about health promotion and the assessment of working conditions risks to their health, in other countries, most qualitative research has been used to assess workers’ perceptions after a given workplace health promotion intervention.

Resource Passageways and Caravans: A Multi-level, Multi-disciplinary Review of the Antecedents of Resources over the Lifespan

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Sarandopoulos ◽  
Prashant Bordia
Keyword(s):  
Older Workers ◽  
Working Life ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Institutional Factors ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Limited Attention ◽  
Older Worker ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Rich ◽  
The Individual

Abstract Resources are vital for older worker effectiveness and well-being, yet limited attention has been paid to the antecedents of resources. Drawing together the rich cross-disciplinary literature on resources, and through the lens of cumulative disadvantage and resource passageways, we review the individual, organizational, and institutional factors that influence the resources available to people in late working life. The review provides a more nuanced perspective on older workers as agentic actors. We highlight how agency can be constrained via a person’s resources, which are shaped by structural influences. Knowledge of structural influences on resources is important for understanding the experiences of older workers and their continued effectiveness in the work domain. We outline avenues for future research on resources and aging at work that incorporates these multi-level influences.

Corporate Social Responsibility: An Overview From an Organizational and Psychological Perspective

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ante Glavas ◽  
Mislav Radic
Keyword(s):  
Corporate Social Responsibility ◽  
Social Responsibility ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Firm Level ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Corporate Social ◽  
Level Of Analysis

Corporate social responsibility (CSR) is an important topic for both academics and practitioners because it potentially influences all aspects of an organization—from relationships with stakeholders to strategy to daily routines and practices. Thus, scholars have explored CSR for close to one hundred years. Prior research has been primarily conducted at the organizational and institutional levels, but has largely overlooked the individual-level of analysis, which is a major gap considering that CSR is enacted by and influences people. Recently, this gap has been addressed by an increased focus on the individual level of analysis—also known as “micro-CSR.” However, CSR is a multilevel construct, so even when focusing on the individual level, all levels need to be taken into consideration at the same time. Moreover, CSR is cross-disciplinary. Prior research has often focused on disciplines such as strategy, but fields such as psychology have much to offer—especially because CSR is conducted through and affects individuals. Moreover, due to the historical focus of CSR on the organizational level of analysis, most studies have aggregated CSR to the firm level. These studies have shown mixed results of the effects of CSR. One reason is that when CSR is aggregated, the variance at the individual level of analysis is lost. Employees might react both positively and negatively to CSR. For example, CSR is often extra-role (e.g., volunteering, being part of committees) and can have a negative effect of role strain and stress. For other employees, they might find tension with the way that CSR is carried out. Future research could dive more deeply into the psychology of CSR and how, when, and why employees might react to CSR differently.

Understanding the role of employees in digital transformation: conceptualization of digital literacy of employees as a multi-dimensional organizational affordance

2020 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dilek Cetindamar Kozanoglu ◽  
Babak Abedin
Keyword(s):  
Digital Literacy ◽  
Enterprise Systems ◽  
Digital Technologies ◽  
Digital Transformation ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Affordance Theory ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Individual

PurposeMuch of recent academic and professional interest in exploring digital transformation and enterprise systems has focused on the technology or the organizations' external forces, leaving internal factors, in particular employees, overlooked. The purpose of this paper is to explore digital literacy of employees as an organizational affordance to capture contextual factors within which digital technologies are situated and are used.Design/methodology/approachWe used the evidence-based practice for information systems approach, and undertook a systematic literature review of 30 papers coupled with brainstorming with 11 professional experts on the neglected topic of digital literacy and its assessment.FindingsThis paper draws upon affordance theory, and develops a novel framework for conceptualization of digital literacy of employees as an organizational affordance. We do this by distinguishing digital literacy at the individual level and organizational level, and by assessing digital literacy through Information/Cognitive and Social Practice/Articulation affordances.Research limitations/implicationsThe current paper contributes to the notion of organizational affordances by examining the effect of interactions between employee-technology through digital literacy of employees in using digital technologies. We offer a novel conceptualization of digital literacy to improve understanding of the role of employee in digital transformation and utilization of enterprise systems. Thus, our definition of digital literacy offers an extension to the recent discussions in the IS literature regarding the actualization of affordances by bringing a lens of employees into the process.Practical implicationsThis paper operationalizes digital literacy at organizational and individual levels, and offers managers a high-level tool to assess digital literacy of their employees. By doing so, managers can achieve the fit between employees' capabilities and digital technologies that will improve affordance actualization and support their digital transformation initiatives.Originality/valueThe study is one of early attempts to apply and extend affordance theory on digital literacy at organizational level by not limiting the concept to the individual level. The proposed framework improves the communication among researchers and between researchers and practitioners.

scholarly journals Multi-level Approach to the “Social Marketing” Context for Innovation: Impact on Organizational Relationships

2016 ◽  
Vol 8 (2) ◽  
pp. 24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katarzyna Szczepanska-Woszczyna ◽  
Mohammed Nadeem
Keyword(s):  
Organizational Context ◽  
Process Management ◽  
Innovation Management ◽  
Innovation Process ◽  
Organizational Level ◽  
Organizational Relationships ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
The Social ◽  
Multi Level ◽  
The Individual

<p>The aim of the article is to explore the social aspects of innovation at three levels of research: individual, group, and organization. A multi-level approach enhances the understanding of how organizational context shapes and is shaped by the actions and perceptions of individuals. It may provide more precise research findings and more rigorous theory testing by clarifying the level of analysis. A resource-based approach and adaptation theories are used in relation to the organizational level, while at the individual level, psychological theories are applied. We propose a theoretical approach which could link creativity and competencies at the individual level, managerial / leader action and organizational culture with innovation to marketing innovation as a process and outcome of organizational level. The earlier studies used the approach that focused attention on the innovation process and innovation outcomes rather than on developing the ability to take specific innovative action and focused research on the selected level of innovation process management. It is therefore necessary to take into account the complexity of the research subject and include the actual problems resulting from the needs of multi-level innovation management and respect for the diversity of its conditions in the research.</p>

scholarly journals Can I Sustain My Happiness? A Review, Critique and Research Agenda for Economics of Happiness

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (22) ◽  
pp. 6375 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansi Jain ◽  
Gagan Deep Sharma ◽  
Mandeep Mahendru
Keyword(s):  
Well Being ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Human Beings ◽  
Moderating Variables ◽  
Individual Level ◽  
Human Happiness ◽  
Collective Levels ◽  
The Individual ◽  
The Right ◽  
Happiness Level

Human beings want to live in a state of happiness and prosperity, but happiness is important not just for the well-being of individuals but for the well-being of society. To ensure the maximization of happiness, it is necessary to consider more than just money, and rather include the right understanding of happiness at the individual level, the family level, the society level, and the environmental (nature) level. This paper contributes to the existing body of knowledge by consolidating the findings of the literature; grouping those into major themes and sub-themes; describing the mechanisms based on the empirical papers by highlighting the independent, dependent, control, and moderating variables, to study the causal relationships between variables under study; proposing an agenda for future research; and informing the policymakers about decisions influencing the human happiness level through legislative rules and regulations. Our results suggest prioritizing the conceptualization of happiness while computing the happiness level at the individual or collective levels. Furthermore, the study recommends governments to establish the conditions enabling individuals to report happiness independently from the political pressure to answer strategically for impressive happiness level figures at the macro level.

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