scholarly journals “Just Ask Me”: The Importance of Respectful Relationships Within Schools

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Charlotte Brownlow ◽  
Wenn Lawson ◽  
Yosheen Pillay ◽  
Joanne Mahony ◽  
Ding Abawi
Keyword(s):  
Research Team ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Positive Relationships ◽  
Crucial Importance ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Written Responses ◽  
The Core ◽  
Inclusive Approach ◽  
Individual Ability ◽  
Autistic Identity

An inclusive approach to education requires schools and educators to address the support needs and individual predispositions of all students. Our research highlights the crucial importance of effective and respectful communication with autistic students to facilitate their successful participation in schools. This paper explores the experiences of 24 autistic individuals aged 16–67 years, through synchronous semi-structured interviews and written responses. The research team comprised both autistic and allistic (non-autistic) researchers, who worked together to design the overall project, collect interview data, and analyse the data. Relationships were frequently discussed by participants and the importance of positive relationships was positioned as key to successful participation within educational contexts. Particularly damaging were assumptions made by teachers concerning individual ability based on labels given. Participants recalled ongoing challenges with resisting stereotypes and managing stigma, while trying to craft a positive autistic identity and advocate for rightful supports for their education. At the core of these negotiations were positive relationships, and teachers who asked participants what their needs were, and then listened and proactively responded to their answers. Recommendations for more positive schooling engagements with autistic young people are provided.

Cancer treatment decisions for people living with dementia: experiences of family carers

2020 ◽  
Vol 70 (suppl 1) ◽  
pp. bjgp20X711545
Author(s):  
Catherine Hynes ◽  
Caroline Mitchell ◽  
Lynda Wyld
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Treatment ◽  
Healthcare Professionals ◽  
Cancer Recurrence ◽  
Treatment Decisions ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Family Carers ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Power Of Attorney ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
People With Dementia

BackgroundDementia and cancer are both diseases associated with older age. The National Cancer Data Audit in England found that 4.4% of people diagnosed with cancer also had cognitive impairment. Decisions about cancer treatment can be very complex when someone already has dementia. Often someone’s closest relative may be asked to make decisions on their behalf. Little is known about the psychosocial impact that this has on carers, or what their support needs are during this time.AimTo explore the experiences of family carers who have been involved in making cancer treatment decisions on behalf of a relative with dementia, in particular identifying challenges and support needs.MethodThe authors are conducting semi-structured interviews with carers of people with dementia who have been involved in making decisions about cancer treatment on their behalf. Data is being thematically analysed using an inductive approach. Two researchers will independently verify themes.ResultsThe authors expect to have completed 14–18 interviews and will report their preliminary findings. Family carers experience many difficulties in the context of cancer and dementia, including lack of support when coping with the aftereffects of cancer treatment, lack of awareness among healthcare professionals regarding the authority granted by a lasting power of attorney and the anxiety created by feeling responsible for identifying cancer recurrence.ConclusionThis study will highlight that supporting someone with dementia through cancer treatment, and having to make decisions about it on their behalf, creates unique challenges for carers. Currently there is a significant lack of support for those facing this distressing experience.

scholarly journals “We're actually more of a likely ally than an unlikely ally”: relationships between syringe services programs and law enforcement

2021 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Carol Y. Franco ◽  
Angela E. Lee-Winn ◽  
Sara Brandspigel ◽  
Musheng L. Alishahi ◽  
Ashley Brooks-Russell
Keyword(s):  
Law Enforcement ◽  
Police Officers ◽  
Wound Care ◽  
Phenomenological Approach ◽  
Treatment Programs ◽  
People Who Use Drugs ◽  
Positive Relationships ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Program Staff ◽  
Compliance With The Law

Abstract Background Syringe services programs provide sterile injection supplies and a range of health services (e.g., HIV and HEP-C testing, overdose prevention education, provision of naloxone) to a hard-to-reach population, including people who use drugs, aiming to prevent the transmission of infectious diseases. Methods We performed a qualitative needs assessment of existing syringe services programs in the state of Colorado in 2018–2019 to describe—their activities, needs, and barriers. Using a phenomenological approach, we performed semi-structured interviews with key program staff of syringe services programs (n = 11). All interviews were digitally recorded, transcribed, and validated. A data-driven iterative approach was used by researchers to develop a coding scheme to organize the data into major themes found across interviews. Memos were written to synthesize main themes. Results Nearly all the syringe program staff discussed their relationships with law enforcement at length. All syringe program staff viewed having a positive relationship with law enforcement as critical to the success of their program. Main factors that influence the quality of relationships between syringe services programs and law enforcement included: (1) alignment in agency culture, (2) support from law enforcement leadership, (3) police officers’ participation and compliance with the Law Enforcement Assisted Diversion (LEAD) program, which provides intensive case management for low-level drug offenders, and (4) implementation of the “Needle-Stick Prevention Law” and Drug Paraphernalia Law Exemption. All syringe program staff expressed a strong desire to have positive relationships with law enforcement and described how a collaborative working relationship was critical to the success of their programs. Conclusions Our findings reveal effective strategies to foster relationships between syringe services programs and law enforcement as well as key barriers to address. The need exists for both syringe services programs and law enforcement to devote time and resources to build a strong, positive partnership. Having such positive relationships with law enforcement has positive implications for syringe services program clients, including law enforcement being less likely to ticket persons for having used syringes, and encourage people who use drugs to seek services from syringe services programs, which can then lead them to other resources, such as housing, wound care, and substance use treatment programs.

Metaphors and cultural narratives on adaptive responses to severe adversity: A field study among the Indigenous Pitaguary community in Brazil

2019 ◽  
Vol 57 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-345 ◽  
Author(s):  
Iara Meili ◽  
Eva Heim ◽  
Ana C Pelosi ◽  
Andreas Maercker
Keyword(s):  
Posttraumatic Growth ◽  
Field Study ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Field Research ◽  
Adaptive Responses ◽  
Cultural Narratives ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Core ◽  
Recovery Processes ◽  
Context Specific

The expressions resilience and posttraumatic growth represent metaphorical concepts that are typically found in Euro-American contexts. Metaphors of severe adversity or trauma and the expressions of overcoming it vary across cultures—a lacuna, which has not been given much attention in the literature so far. This study aimed to explore the metaphorical concepts that the Indigenous Pitaguary community in Brazil uses to talk about adaptive and positive responses to severe adversity and to relate them to their socio-cultural context. We carried out 14 semi-structured interviews during field research over a one-month period of fieldwork. The data were explored with systematic metaphor analysis. The core metaphors included images of battle, unity, spirituality, journeys, balance, time, sight, transformation, and development. These metaphors were related to context-specific cultural narratives that underlie the Pitaguary ontological perspective on collectivity, nature, and cosmology. The results suggest that metaphors and cultural narratives can reveal important aspects of a culture’s collective mindset. To have a contextualized understanding of expressive nuances is an essential asset to adapt interventions to specific cultures and promote culture-specific healing and recovery processes.

Models for Integrating Medical Acupuncture into Practice: An Exploratory Qualitative Study of Physicians— Experiences

2016 ◽  
Vol 34 (4) ◽  
pp. 280-289 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ellen T Crumley
Keyword(s):  
Qualitative Study ◽  
General Practitioners ◽  
Full Time ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Core Concept ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
The Core ◽  
Individual Physician ◽  
Part Time ◽  
Medical Acupuncture

Background Internationally, physicians are integrating medical acupuncture into their practice. Although there are some informative surveys and reviews, there are few international, exploratory studies detailing how physicians have accommodated medical acupuncture (eg, by modifying schedules, space and processes). Objective To examine how physicians integrate medical acupuncture into their practice. Methods Semi-structured interviews and participant observations of physicians practising medical acupuncture were conducted using convenience and snowball sampling. Data were analysed in NVivo and themes were developed. Despite variation, three principal models were developed to summarise the different ways that physicians integrated medical acupuncture into their practice, using the core concept of ‘helping’. Quotes were used to illustrate each model and its corresponding themes. Results There were 25 participants from 11 countries: 21 agreed to be interviewed and four engaged in participant observations. Seventy-two per cent were general practitioners. The three models were: (1) appointments (44%); (2) clinics (44%); and (3) full-time practice (24%). Some physicians held both appointments and regular clinics (models 1 and 2). Most full-time physicians initially tried appointments and/or clinics. Some physicians charged to offset administration costs or compensate for their time. Discussion Despite variation within each category, the three models encapsulated how physicians described their integration of medical acupuncture. Physicians varied in how often they administered medical acupuncture and the amount of time they spent with patients. Although 24% of physicians surveyed administered medical acupuncture full-time, most practised it part-time. Each individual physician incorporated medical acupuncture in the way that worked best for their practice.

How do Players and Developers of Citizen Science Games Conceptualize Skill Chains?

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (CHI PLAY) ◽  
pp. 1-29
Author(s):  
Josh Aaron Miller ◽  
Britton Horn ◽  
Matthew Guthrie ◽  
Jonathan Romano ◽  
Guy Geva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Free Recall ◽  
Citizen Science ◽  
Thematic Analysis ◽  
Cognitive Task ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Self Reflection ◽  
The Core ◽  
Big Picture ◽  
Prior Literature ◽  
Structure Of Knowledge

For citizen science games (CSGs) to be successful in advancing scientific research, they must effectively train players. Designing tutorials for training can be aided through developing a skill chain of required skills and their dependencies, but skill chain development is an intensive process. In this work, we hypothesized that free recall may be a simpler yet effective method of directly eliciting skill chains. We elicited 23 skill chains from players and developers and augmented our reflexive thematic analysis with 11 semi-structured interviews in order to determine how players and developers conceptualize skill trees and whether free recall can be used as an alternative to more resource-intensive cognitive task analyses. We provide three main contributions: (1) a comparison of skill chain conceptualizations between players and developers and across prior literature; (2) insights to the process of free recall in eliciting CSG skill chains; and (3) a preliminary toolkit of CSG skill-based design recommendations based on our findings. We conclude CSG developers should: give the big picture up front; embrace social learning and paratext use; reinforce the intended structure of knowledge; situate learning within applicable, meaningful contexts; design for discovery and self-reflection; and encourage practice and learning beyond the tutorial. Free recall was ineffective for determining a traditional skill chain but was able to elicit the core gameplay loops, tutorial overviews, and some expert insights.

scholarly journals Meanings of Family Support in the Treatment of Drug Dependence

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (0) ◽  
Author(s):  
Laís Ramos Sanches ◽  
Tassiana Gonçalves Constantino dos Santos ◽  
Thaísa Borges Gomes ◽  
Marcelo Dalla Vecchia
Keyword(s):  
Social Support ◽  
Family Support ◽  
Family Involvement ◽  
Drug Dependence ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Family Participation ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Problematic Use ◽  
The Family ◽  
Alcohol And Other Drugs

Abstract The family is a key element of social support in the treatment of people who experience problems resulting from the use of alcohol and other drugs. This article aimed to understand the meanings of individuals under treatment due to the problematic use of alcohol and other drugs in relation to family participation. Six semi-structured interviews were carried out with people who adhered or not to the treatment proposed by an institution similar to a therapeutic community, analyzed later by analysis of thematic content. It was possible to observe (a) the low family involvement during the treatment, (b) the stigmatization and the individualization of the problematic use of alcohol and other drugs, and (c) the care focused on the figure of women. Guidance, listening and support needs for family members need to be properly examined during treatment to promote adherence.

scholarly journals Pathways to Local Partnerships in a Semi-Rural Setting: A Qualitative Study of Community Engagement and Employer-Supported Volunteering in Small and Medium Enterprises and Local Nonprofits

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Myriam Gagnon ◽  
Myriam Beaudry ◽  
Louise Lemyre ◽  
Alexandra Guay-Charette
Keyword(s):  
Community Engagement ◽  
Small And Medium Enterprises ◽  
Integrated System ◽  
Rural Setting ◽  
Small Enterprises ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Inclusive Approach ◽  
Medium Enterprises ◽  
Local Partnerships ◽  
Petites Entreprises

There remains a knowledge gap regarding the factors that drive the development of business-nonprofit partnerships in the context of employer-supported volunteering—especially in small and medium enterprises. Furthermore, there is a need to consider how enterprises operate in their cultural contexts to better understand how they support volunteering trends in Canada. This study aimed to improve understanding of the multi-level factors that foster the development of business-nonprofit partnerships in the context of employer-supported volunteering. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with community and small business actors in a semi-rural setting in Francophone Québec. Results challenged the traditional view of volunteer support as a distinct activity, showing an integrated system of inter-dependence. Results suggest the relevance of conceptualizing small enterprises’ support of volunteering as part of an inclusive approach to community engagement. RÉSUMÉLes facteurs liés au développement de partenariats entre entreprises et OBNL dans le contexte du bénévolat appuyé par l’employeur sont méconnus – particulièrement au sein des petites et moyennes entreprises. Il est également pertinent de considérer le contexte culturel pour mieux comprendre les tendances canadiennes du bénévolat appuyé par l’employeur. Cette étude vise l’obtention d’une meilleure compréhension des facteurs multiniveaux associés au développement de partenariats entreprises-OBNL dans le contexte du soutien au bénévolat. Quinze entretiens semistructurés ont été effectués auprès d’acteurs du secteur communautaire et des petites entreprises dans un milieu semi-rural francophone-québécois. Les résultats repositionnent la notion d’activités distinctes et témoignent plutôt d’un système intégré d’interdépendances. Les résultats suggèrent de conceptualiser le soutien au bénévolat des petites entreprises au sein d’une approche inclusive d’engagement communautaire.

Long-term care placement: The transitional support needs and preferences of spousal dementia caregivers

Dementia ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 147130122110564
Author(s):  
Deborah Brooks ◽  
Elizabeth Beattie ◽  
Elaine Fielding ◽  
Katy Wyles ◽  
Helen Edwards
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Intervention Development ◽  
Care Facility ◽  
Spousal Caregivers ◽  
Support Needs ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Long Term Care Facility ◽  
Facility Staff

Background and objectives Many spousal caregivers experience stress, depression, loneliness, guilt and grief when placing a partner with dementia into long-term care. However, there is little research about their transitional support experiences, needs and preferences. This study aimed to gain a deeper understanding of these issues from spousal caregiver and long-term care facility staff perspectives, to inform subsequent support and intervention development. Research design and methods Semi-structured interviews and small group discussions were held separately with spousal caregivers ( n = 9) and care facility staff ( n = 11). Criterion and variation sampling aimed to ensure a range of experiences and perspectives. The ‘Framework’ approach was utilised for data analysis. Interpretation was with respect to underpinning models of stress-grief process in dementia caregiving. Findings A range of informational, psychoeducational and psychosocial supports were identified to help spousal caregivers cope better with the stressors and losses experienced throughout the transition from home to long-term care. Improved education about disease progression, information relating to long-term care provision, peer support and dementia-specific grief counselling were deemed important. Opportunities for better support within care facilities were also identified. Support should be tailored to individual needs and preferences. Discussion and implications The findings suggest a supportive care framework be developed, encompassing the trajectory from assessment for and admission into long-term care to end-of-life and post-bereavement support. Spousal caregivers should have their support needs assessed by trained health or social care professionals and be offered a range of support options as appropriate.

Meaning and Interpretations of Child Abuse by Abuser Parents: A Qualitative Study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nahid Heidari ◽  
Hossein Afrasiabi ◽  
Seyed Reza Javadiana
Keyword(s):  
Child Abuse ◽  
Analysis Method ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Theory Analysis ◽  
Relationship Problems ◽  
The Core ◽  
Purposeful Sampling ◽  
Adult Participants ◽  
Core Category ◽  
Yazd City

Background: Child abuse has destructive consequences for the abused and the abuser which can launch a cycle of inter-generational violence. Our aim was to understand the constructions of child abuse by adult parents. Methods: The research was carried with generic (basic) qualitative research method. Participants included 12 adults who abused their children during the recent year(2020) at Yazd City. The adult participants were selected by snowball-purposeful sampling. The data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed with grounded theory analysis method. Results: After analyzing transcribes, 6 main categories were constructed: abuse transmission, suffered self, normative violence, relationship problems, institutional inefficiency and pressured family. Life world of harassment emerged as the core category. Conclusion: The findings presented the cycle of abuse created through learning and transmitting.

Parents’ experience of family-centred care in the post-anaesthetic care unit during non-clinical delays: A qualitative study

2021 ◽  
pp. 136749352110365
Author(s):  
Jessica Taranto ◽  
Rebecca Thornton ◽  
Sally Lima ◽  
Bernice Redley
Keyword(s):  
Information Sharing ◽  
Study Data ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
Inpatient Ward ◽  
The Core ◽  
Anaesthetic Care ◽  
The Family ◽  
Core Concepts ◽  
Stage 1 ◽  
Parents Experiences

The qualitative exploratory descriptive study explored parents’ experience of family-centred care during delayed transfer from a paediatric post-anaesthetic care unit to an inpatient ward. Data were collected in a tertiary children’s hospital in Melbourne, Australia, using in-depth, semi-structured interviews. Participants ( n = 15) were parents of children ( n = 10, aged 6 months to 16 years) delayed in a Stage 1 post-anaesthetic care unit for longer than 30 min. Elements of the family-centred care framework guided thematic analysis, the core concepts of which are respect and dignity, information sharing, participation and collaboration. Respect and dignity was most often identified, expressed in three subthemes: (1) the caring behaviour of staff, (2) being present with their child and (3) a journey shared with other families. Information sharing was also common, illustrated through (1) being told information and (2) being heard. Participation, the third element of the framework, was infrequently identified by participants; however, parents of children under 6 years of age alluded to contributing to their child’s care. The final element, collaboration, was not identified in the study data. Only two of four elements of the family-centred care framework were common in parents’ experiences: respect and dignity, and information sharing. ‘Being with’ their child emerged as a central concern for parents’ perceptions of family-centred care.

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