scholarly journals Music in Quarantine: Connections Between Changes in Lifestyle, Psychological States, and Musical Behaviors During COVID-19 Pandemic

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hiroko Terasawa ◽  
Masaki Matsubara ◽  
Visda Goudarzi ◽  
Makiko Sadakata
Keyword(s):  
Stress Level ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Behavior Changes ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Housing Type ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
Sound Perception ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Level Change ◽  
Musical Behavior

Music is not only the art of organized sound but also a compound of social interaction among people, built upon social and environmental foundations. Since the beginning of the COVID-19 outbreak, containment measures such as shelter-in-place, lockdown, social distancing, and self-quarantine have severely impacted the foundation of human society, resulting in a drastic change in our everyday experience. In this paper, the relationships between musical behavior, lifestyle, and psychological states during the shelter-in-place period of the COVID-19 pandemic are investigated. An online survey on musical experience, lifestyle changes, stress level, musical behaviors, media usage, and environmental sound perception was conducted. The survey was conducted in early June 2020. Responses from 620 people in 24 countries were collected, with the large proportion of the responses coming from the U.S. (55.5%) and India (21.4%). Structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis revealed causal relationships between lifestyle, stress, and music behaviors. Elements such as stress-level change, work risk, and staying home contribute to changes in musical experiences, such as moderating emotion with music, feeling emotional with music, and being more attentive to music. Stress-level change was correlated with work risk and income change, and people who started living with others due to the outbreak, especially with their children, indicated less change in stress level. People with more stress-level change tended to use music more purposefully for their mental well-being, such as to moderate emotions, to influence mood, and to relax. In addition, people with more stress-level change tend to be more annoyed by neighbors' noise. Housing type was not directly associated with annoyance; however, attention to environmental sounds decreased when the housing type was smaller. Attention to environmental and musical sounds and the emotional responses to them are highly inter-correlated. Multi-group SEM based on musicians showed that the causal relationship structure for professional musicians differs from that of less-experienced musicians. For professional musicians, staying at home was the only component that caused all musical behavior changes; stress did not cause musical behavior changes. Regarding Internet use, listening to music via YouTube and streaming was preferred over TV and radio, especially among less-experienced musicians, while participation in the online music community was preferred by more advanced musicians. This work suggests that social, environmental, and personal factors and limitations influence the changes in our musical behavior, perception of sonic experience, and emotional recognition, and that people actively accommodated the unusual pandemic situations using music and Internet technologies.

Psychological impact on people Due to Pandemic of Covid-19 in selected Areas of Mumbai

2021 ◽  
pp. 541-551
Author(s):  
Christine Michael
Keyword(s):  
Close Contact ◽  
Psychological Impact ◽  
Educational Status ◽  
Family Type ◽  
Practical Significance ◽  
Housing Type ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
The Public ◽  
The People

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is defined as an illness caused by a novel coronavirus, now called Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2; formerly called 2019-nCoV). COVID-19 is an emerging respiratory infection that was first discovered in December 2019, in Wuhan city, Hubei Province, China.1 The 2019-nCoV has close similarity to bat coronaviruses, and it has been postulated that bats are the primary source. While the origin of the 2019-nCoV is still being investigated, current evidence suggests spread to humans occurred via transmission from wild animals illegally sold in the Huainan Seafood Wholesale Market.2 SARS-CoV-2 belongs to the larger family of ribonucleic acid (RNA) viruses, leading to infections, from the common cold, to more serious diseases, such as Middle East Respiratory Syndrome (MERS-CoV) and Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome (SARS-CoV).1 The main symptoms of COVID-19 have been identified as fever, dry cough, fatigue, myalgia, shortness of breath, and dyspnoea.1 COVID-19 is characterized by rapid transmission, and can occur by close contact with an infected person.1 COVID-19 has spread widely and rapidly, from Wuhan city, to other parts of the world, threatening the lives of many people 1. By the end of January 2020, the World Health Organization (WHO) announced a public health emergency of international concern and called for the collaborative effort of all countries, to prevent its rapid spread. Later, the WHO declared COVID-19 a “global pandemic” 1. It is mainly transmitted through respiratory and close contact, which leads to the phenomenon of clustering infection in families and hospitals. Because of the sudden nature of the outbreak and the infectious power of the virus, it will inevitably cause people anxiety, depression and other stress reactions.3 It is necessary to understand and investigate the public psychological states during this tumultuous time.3 The results of the survey are of great practical significance to the information provision, cognition, behavior guidance and psychological support of governments at all levels.3 Understanding and investigating the public psychological states during this tumultuous time is of practical significance.3 Social and family attention and mental health support are essential. 3However, we think that the psychological impact of this pandemic like stress and anxiety among the general population is also a grave concern. Hence, this study attempted to find the psychological impact of COVID 19 on people in selected areas in Mumbai. Objectives: (1) To assess the psychological impact on people due to the pandemic of COVID-19 (2) To find the association between psychological impact and their selected demographic variables (age, gender, religion, marital status, educational status, occupation, family type, income, area of residence, and housing type). Review of literature: 3 sections (1) Studies related to psychological impact of COVID 19 on general population (2) Studies related to psychological impact of COVID 19 on health professionals (3) Studies related to psychological impact of COVID 19 on students. The Conceptual framework for the study was based on Health Promotion Model. Methodology: The Research Design used was descriptive study. The sample size was 200 people from selected areas of Mumbai. The samples were selected by using snow ball method. The data were collected by using self- administered 4 point Likert scale which was developed by the investigators. The tool was validated by 5 experts. Reliability was established by split half method. (r = 0.8). The main study was conducted in selected areas of Mumbai. The data collected were tabulated, analysed and interpreted using statistical test such as chi square. Findings of the study: The findings of the study revealed that there was severe psychological impact due to the pandemic of COVID-19 among the people. There was no significant association between psychological impact and age, sex, religion, marital status, family type, income, area of residence, and housing type except educational status and occupation which were significant (chi square values 21.03) for the psychological impact on the people and the rest of the demographic variables are found to be non-significant. Conclusion: The study concluded by stating the fact that, the psychological impact of people due to the pandemic of covid-19 was severe. The findings, recommendation and conclusion were stated adequately.

Assessing Music Expertise

2021 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 406-421
Author(s):  
Ziyong Lin ◽  
André Werner ◽  
Ulman Lindenberger ◽  
Andreas M. Brandmaier ◽  
Elisabeth Wenger
Keyword(s):  
Hierarchical Model ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Measurement Instrument ◽  
Second Order ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
General Factor ◽  
General Music ◽  
Professional Musicians ◽  
Unidimensional Model ◽  
Amateur Musicians

We introduce the Berlin Gehoerbildung Scale (BGS), a multidimensional assessment of music expertise in amateur musicians and music professionals. The BGS is informed by music theory and uses a variety of testing methods in the ear-training tradition, with items covering four different dimensions of music expertise: (1) intervals and scales, (2) dictation, (3) chords and cadences, and (4) complex listening. We validated the test in a sample of amateur musicians, aspiring professional musicians, and students attending a highly competitive music conservatory (n = 59). Using structural equation modeling, we compared two factor models: a unidimensional model postulating a single factor of music expertise; and a hierarchical model, according to which four first-order subscale factors load on a second-order factor of general music expertise. The hierarchical model showed better fit to the data than the unidimensional model, indicating that the four subscales capture reliable variance above and beyond the general factor of music expertise. There were reliable group differences on both the second-order general factor and the four subscales, with music students outperforming aspiring professionals and amateur musicians. We conclude that the BGS is an adequate measurement instrument for assessing individual differences in music expertise, especially at high levels of expertise.

Happiness or Addiction

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 26-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen-Chi Yu
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
University Students ◽  
Internet Addiction ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Reliability And Validity ◽  
Psychological Theory ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Psychological Consequences ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Facebook Use

The psychological consequences of Facebook use remain controversy since most previous studies used vague and non-psychological-theory-driven indicators. To better understand the potential consequences of Facebook use, this study developed the Facebook Psychological Involvement Scale (FPIS).With 682 Taiwanese university students as subjects, this study analysed the reliability and validity of the scale using structural-equation-modeling (SEM). Results showed that FPIS had strong reliability and validity. Besides, the correlations between FPIS and internet addiction/positive-psychological states (PPS) were significantly stronger than those of usage time and number of Facebook friends, indicating that FPIS is a more effective predictor of the psychological consequences of Facebook usage.

Exploring the role of extended family members in relation to a chronic family stressor : explicating the association between support, standards, stress, and coping in the context of autism

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
◽  
Alexie H. Hays
Keyword(s):  
Stress Level ◽  
Social Presence ◽  
Family Relationships ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Extended Family ◽  
Family Members ◽  
The United States ◽  
Autism Spectrum ◽  
Family Systems Theory ◽  
Equation Modeling

[ACCESS RESTRICTED TO THE UNIVERSITY OF MISSOURI AT AUTHOR'S REQUEST.] The recent growth in autism spectrum disorder diagnoses across the United States has alerted scholars to assess the support needs of families with a child on the autism spectrum. One potential large support resource that has been deemed both supportive and unsupportive is the extended family. Much remained to be explored regarding the degree to which communication, particularly in the face of a child's developmental disability, sustains or impedes (extended) family relationships. Therefore, from the perspective of the parent with a child with autism, the current investigation explored the communicative role, including the standards being met and the level of support, of three extended family members in relation to autism. This study drew upon Family Systems Theory with special emphasis on the extended family, literature related to support and relational standards, the Communication-Based Model of Coping (Maguire 2012; 2015), and utilized mixed methods, including content analysis and structural equation modeling. Survey results revealed that parents (n = 191) of a child with autism hold their extended family to certain standards, namely, they ideally want emotional/instrumental support, openness, acceptance, empathy, and positivity. Further, the types of support that parents find the most helpful include tangible, informational, esteem, emotional, appraisal, network, avoidant, child esteem, and social presence, unlike inconsiderate and unaccommodating support. Importantly, parents in this study reported that they do not have any of their standards met in full by their three chosen extended family members. Having all standards go unmet impacts their relational satisfaction, specifically with their first most significant extended family member. Further, having some standards go unmet by their second and third most significant extended family members negatively impacts parents' problem-solving abilities and stress level, but positively impacts their reappraisal ability. Together, these findings offer three contributions: (a) a better understanding of the degree to which parents with a child with autism perceive that their extended family members are meeting their standards, (b) a clear examination of how perceived and actual standards interplay with their relational dynamics, coping ability, and stress level, (c) and a thorough understanding of the ways in which communication from extended family ranges in supportiveness to a parent raising a child with autism.

scholarly journals Leadership Self-Efficacy, Change Oriented Behavior and Organizational Citizenship Behavior: The Moderating Effect of Experience

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (4) ◽  
pp. 36
Author(s):  
Adebayo Saheed Adewale ◽  
Hazri Jamil ◽  
Adebayo-Shittabey Khadijah
Keyword(s):  
Higher Education ◽  
Organizational Citizenship ◽  
Organizational Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Higher Education Institutions ◽  
Moderating Effect ◽  
Citizenship Behavior ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Human Society ◽  
Essential Factor

Knowledge is an essential factor in human existence. Education has been found responsible for social, economic, cultural and technological development of human society. Higher education institutions are responsible for producing required skilled human capital needed to enhance sustainable development. For these institutions to meet up with numerous demand of the society and function effectively leadership is an essential factor to be considered. This study examined the effect of leadership self-efficacy, change oriented behavior on staff organizational citizenship behavior in higher education institutions focusing on the moderating effect of experience. A total of 420 staff from 10 different higher education institutions in Lagos State, Nigeria were sampled. Structural Equation Modeling was used to access the moderating effect of experience on these variables. It was found that experience moderates the relationship between leadership self-efficacy, change oriented behavior, change policy and organizational citizenship behavior. Therefore, experience must be considered as a vital factor in higher education management and development.  

scholarly journals Consumer Food Waste Behavior among Emerging Adults: Evidence from China

Foods ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 961 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wang-Chin Tsai ◽  
Xuqi Chen ◽  
Chun Yang
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Development ◽  
Emerging Adulthood ◽  
Emerging Adults ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Human Society ◽  
The Sustainable Development ◽  
High Degree

With the aggravation of global climate change, the issue of environmental protection has become the focus of global attention, and countries all over the world have devoted themselves to the sustainable development of resources to reduce the negative impact of the environment on human society. Reducing the resource waste is an important aspect of the sustainable development, among which food waste is a critical part. According to a report of the United Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), 35% of food is wasted during consumption. Although households are the main contributors to food waste during consumption, the situation in university canteens cannot be ignored. As universities have a high degree of social influence, some policies and activities are piloted in universities, and then, promoted to society after achieving significant results. In future social development, the food waste behavior of consumers at the early stage of adulthood will have a significant impact on society. Therefore, it is necessary to understand the factors that lead to food waste by early adulthood consumers. This study focuses on food waste by end consumers and explores factors in the food waste behavior of the emerging adulthood consumer, which can be used as a reference for improving food waste in schools, governments, and other related industries in the future. The results show that the model of factors influencing the food waste behavior of emerging adulthood consumers established in this study is acceptable. According to the analysis results of the structural equation modeling (SEM), it can be seen that the influences of environmental concerns on the attitude toward behavior, subjective norms, and perceived behavioral control are ranked first, second, and third, respectively. While emerging adulthood consumers have a high degree of independence and self-awareness, schools, governments, media networks, and other related industries also need to establish a more complete system and form of cherishing food, in order to encourage emerging adulthood consumers to change their behavior and attitude spontaneously.

Does Happiness in the Cyberspace Promote That in the Real-World?

2015 ◽  
Vol 11 (2) ◽  
pp. 33-44 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sen-Chi Yu ◽  
Chien Chou
Keyword(s):  
Structural Equation Modeling ◽  
Real World ◽  
Virtual World ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
College Freshmen ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Reciprocal Relationships ◽  
The Real ◽  
Causal Priority

To examine reciprocal relationships between “virtual world”-context cyberspace positive-psychological states (CPSs) and “real world”-context positive-psychological states (PSs), this study conducted a two-wave panel design with about two-semester interval on 251 Taiwan college freshmen and analyzed the data using cross-lagged structural equation modeling. The analytical results show that CPSs have causal priority over PSs, but not vise versa. Therefore, the cyberspace PSs of the former stage influenced the real-world PSs during the latter stage. These results indicate that college students tended to incorporate their cyberspace positive-psychological states into their “real world.” The authors have concluded that cyberspace positive-psychological states do not substitute for and, indeed, contribute to real-world states.

Emotional and cognitive involvement of consumers with hotel brands on social networking sites

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (4) ◽  
pp. 377-390 ◽  
Author(s):  
Na Su ◽  
Babu John Mariadoss ◽  
Dennis Reynolds
Keyword(s):  
Social Networking ◽  
Social Networking Sites ◽  
Brand Attitude ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Research Trend ◽  
Cognitive Responses ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Psychological States ◽  
Structure Equation Modeling ◽  
Cognitive Involvement

PurposeBased on persuasion theories, the purpose of this paper is to examine relationships between four types of interactive consumer activities (viewing, liking, sharing and commenting) on hotel brand social networking sites (SNSs) and their cognitive and emotional responses to understand the psychological states underlying such actions and assess their influence on brand attitude and the brand–consumer relationship.Design/methodology/approachA survey was administrated using an online platform. Participants who had been following a hotel brand on any of its SNSs were screened to fill out the questionnaire. Eventually, 226 valid responses were collected and analyzed using structure equation modeling.FindingsThe findings suggest that although both emotional and cognitive involvement can enhance a consumer’s hotel brand attitude, cognitive involvement is associated with a slightly stronger effect in the context of SNSs. Three of the four interactive actions – viewing, liking and sharing – were found to be positively associated with emotional involvement, but only two actions – viewing and liking – were found to be positively related to cognitive involvement. No connection was identified for commenting.Practical implicationsThe study suggests that practitioners should turn their attention to the emotional and cognitive responses their SNSs provoke in consumers, rather than simply on the number of likes, shares and comments they induce.Originality/valueA recent research trend indicates widespread interest in the button functions offered by SNSs (such as “like,” “share” and “comment”) and many studies have tested means of stimulating such physical actions. This study is one of the few to explore the psychological states behind such actions and assess their influence on brand attitude and the self-brand connection.

scholarly journals Passengers’ comfort in horizontal curves on mountain roads: a field study using lateral accelerations

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yasmany D. García-Ramírez ◽  
Diego Aguilar-Cárdenas
Keyword(s):  
Latin American ◽  
Stress Level ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Lateral Acceleration ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Vehicle Speed ◽  
Physical Pain ◽  
Horizontal Curves ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Real Vehicle

The comfort of passengers is one of the most significant advances in modern passenger transport. Despite its subjectivity, it could be related to the lateral accelerations on horizontal curves. This study aimed to analyze the relationship between passengers' comfort and lateral acceleration in two-lane rural mountain roads. Real-vehicle experiments were performed with 58 passengers on one road in the Ecuadorian Andes. They explored the influence of age, sex, level of stress, level of physical pain, speed, and lateral acceleration on passenger comfort. Two instruments were employed to collect data:  a survey conducted to the passengers and a precise GPS device. In the survey, the passengers selected their comfort or discomfort within the curve. The GPS collected the vehicle speed, lateral accelerations and, its trajectory. As a result, it calibrated two models using Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with the factors: comfort values, stress level and lateral acceleration. Besides, it calibrated six models using linear regression with several thresholds of speed. Differences were found between right and left curves, which had not been detected by previous researchers. The research suggests thresholds of lateral acceleration in mountain roads in a Latin American country that would improve their design for better performance and safety.

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