scholarly journals Physical Activity Maintenance: A Critical Narrative Review and Directions for Future Research

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ryan E. Rhodes ◽  
Wuyou Sui
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Theory And Practice ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Behavioral Performance ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Behavioral Theories ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Time Frames ◽  
Maintenance Process

A clear rationale can be made for promoting long-term regular physical activity (PA), yet despite some attempts to operationalize “maintenance,” no robust definition has been agreed upon, beyond arbitrary time frames of regular PA. This has likely impaired the advancement of theory and practice. The purpose of this critical narrative review was to first overview the conception of maintenance and co-requisite theoretical constructs in theories used in PA research. Our subsequent aims were to engage in a critical analysis of this literature to propose a working definition of PA maintenance followed by recommendations for future research. Relevant behavioral theories were parsed for references to maintenance or maintenance-specific constructs and constructs most likely associated with maintenance were overviewed from a recent systematic review. Based on this information, we suggest PA maintenance be operationalized as a process marked by a shift in the mechanisms of action determining behavioral performance, that engender greater perceived behavioral enactment efficiency. We suggest that maintenance should not be considered an absolute state of behavioral performance (e.g., a stage), as some constructs that were critical to behavioral performance during initiation will still be critical during PA continuation. Based on this definition, we propose a method of falsifiability hypothesis testing of theoretical constructs that may determine the maintenance process. Finally, the review concludes with suggestions for future research using this operationalization of maintenance including measure development, tests of latency to reach the peak maintenance process, validating constructs critical to determining maintenance, exploration of the contextual and individual moderators of maintenance formation, and the development of an omnibus dynamic model of initiation, continuation, and maintenance in PA behavior change.

scholarly journals Social Comparison Features in Physical Activity Promotion Apps: Scoping Meta-Review (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Danielle Arigo ◽  
Megan M Brown ◽  
Kristen Pasko ◽  
Jerry Suls
Keyword(s):  
Physical Activity ◽  
Behavior Change ◽  
Social Comparison ◽  
Behavioral Modeling ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Smartphone Apps ◽  
Comparison Theory ◽  
Activity Promotion ◽  
Meta Review ◽  
Definition Of

BACKGROUND Smartphone apps promoting physical activity (PA) are abundant, but few produce substantial and sustained behavior change. Although many PA apps purport to induce users to compare themselves with others (by invoking social comparison processes), improvements in PA and other health behaviors are inconsistent. Existing literature suggests that social comparison may motivate PA for some people under some circumstances. However, 2 aspects of work that apply social comparison theory to PA apps remain unclear: (1) how comparison processes have been operationalized or harnessed in existing PA apps and (2) whether incorporating sources of variability in response to comparison have been used to tailor comparison features of apps, which could improve their effectiveness for promoting PA. OBJECTIVE The aim of this meta-review was to summarize existing systematic, quantitative, and narrative reviews of behavior change techniques in PA apps, with an emphasis on social comparison features, to examine how social comparison is operationalized and implemented. METHODS We searched PubMed, Web of Science, and PsycINFO for reviews of PA smartphone apps. Of the 3743 initial articles returned, 26 reviews met the inclusion criteria. Two independent raters extracted the data from these reviews, including the definition of social comparison used to categorize app features, the percentage of apps categorized as inducing comparison, specific features intended to induce comparison, and any mention of tailoring comparison features. For reference, these data were also extracted for related processes (such as behavioral modeling, norm referencing, and social networking). RESULTS Of the included review articles, 31% (8/26) categorized app features as prompting social comparison. The majority of these employed Abraham and Michie’s earliest definition of comparison, which differs from versions in later iterations of the same taxonomy. Very few reviews specified what dimension users were expected to compare (eg, steps, physical fitness) or which features of the apps were used to induce comparison (eg, leaderboards, message boards). No review referenced tailoring of comparison features. In contrast, 54% (14/26) reviews categorized features for prompting behavioral modeling and 31% (8/26) referenced tailoring app features for users’ personal goals or preferences. CONCLUSIONS The heterogeneity across reviews of PA apps and the absence of relevant information (eg, about dimensions or features relevant for comparison) create confusion about how to best harness social comparison to increase PA and its effectiveness in future research. No evidence was found that important findings from the broader social comparison literature (eg, that people have differing preferences for and responses to social comparison information) have been incorporated in the design of existing PA apps. Greater integration of the mobile health (mHealth) and social comparison literatures may improve the effectiveness of PA apps, thereby increasing the public health impact of these mHealth tools. INTERNATIONAL REGISTERED REPORT RR2-https://osf.io/nh4td/

The Contribution of Teleworking towards a Green Computing Environment

2016 ◽  
pp. 1723-1738
Author(s):  
Iheanyi Chuku Egbuta ◽  
Brychan Thomas ◽  
Said Al-Hasan
Keyword(s):  
Conceptual Model ◽  
Green Computing ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Computing Environment ◽  
Theoretical Frameworks ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Future Research Directions ◽  
The Many ◽  
Definition Of

The aims of the chapter are to consider the strategic green issues of teleworking in terms of the environment, transport, location, office space, and resource use for modern organisations and business sectors and to formulate a conceptual model of the processes involved. In fact, teleworking technologies are variously implemented for green computing initiatives, and the many advantages include lower greenhouse gas emissions related to travel, greater worker satisfaction, and as a result of lower overhead office costs, increased profit margins. The chapter initially investigates the appropriateness of a working definition of teleworking with regard to green computing, and following this, explores the benefits and barriers of teleworking in a green computing environment. The theoretical frameworks and models of teleworking are then considered, and a conceptual model of the contribution of teleworking to green computing is formulated. It is the intention of the chapter to identify and articulate those teleworking concepts that will be useful to academicians, scientists, business entrepreneurs, practitioners, managers, and policy makers, and to indicate future research directions for research scholars and students with similar interests.

Understanding flexibility for multifunctional flood defences: a conceptual framework

2016 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
pp. 467-484 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fatemeh Anvarifar ◽  
Chris Zevenbergen ◽  
Wil Thissen ◽  
Tushith Islam
Keyword(s):  
Real Options ◽  
Flood Management ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Illustrative Case ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Self Consistent ◽  
Characteristic Features ◽  
Illustrative Case Study ◽  
Definition Of

Flexibility is often proposed as a valuable capability to cope with uncertainty and change. However, there is no consensus about what constitutes flexibility across the literature. A review of publications on flood management, real options and manufacturing reveals remarkable commonalities along with substantial inconsistencies in the use of flexibility. These observations are used for structuring the discussion of flexibility in this paper. A framework is proposed in the form of four self-consistent and step-wise questions: (Q1) why is flexibility needed; (Q2) what is it that flexibility is required for; (Q3) what are the dimensions of flexibility; (Q4) what needs to change or be adapted? In order to answer the questions in the context of multifunctional flood defences (MFFDs), eight characteristic features of flexibility in connection with the four questions are distilled from the synthesized publications. Subsequently, a working definition of flexibility is developed. An illustrative case study examines the framework's potential for the development of a MFFD. It is shown that the iterative use of the framework can serve as a guideline for identifying and evaluating flexibility for MFFDs. The paper ends with some challenges for future research.

scholarly journals Appropriate leadership in nursing home care: a narrative review

2021 ◽  
Vol ahead-of-print (ahead-of-print) ◽  
Author(s):  
Nick Zonneveld ◽  
Carina Pittens ◽  
Mirella Minkman
Keyword(s):  
Nursing Home ◽  
Nursing Homes ◽  
Home Care ◽  
Leadership Behaviors ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Nursing Home Care ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Definition Of

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to synthesize the existing evidence on leadership that best matches nursing home care, with a focus on behaviors, effects and influencing factors. Design/methodology/approach A narrative review was performed in three steps: the establishment of scope, systematic search in five databases and assessment and analysis of the literature identified. Findings A total of 44 articles were included in the review. The results of the study imply that a stronger focus on leadership behaviors related to the specific context rather than leadership styles could be of added value in nursing home care. Research limitations/implications Only articles applicable to nursing home care were included. The definition of “nursing home care” may differ between countries. This study only focused on the academic literature. Future research should focus on strategies and methods for the translation of leadership into behavior in practice. Practical implications A broader and more conceptual perspective on leadership in nursing homes – in which leadership is seen as an attribute of all employees and enacted in multiple layers of the organization – could support leadership practice. Originality/value Leadership is considered an important element in the delivery of good quality nursing home care. This study provides insight into leadership behaviors and influencing contextual factors specifically in nursing homes.

scholarly journals Are Malaysian Youths Overdependent on the Internet?: A Narrative Review

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nik Ruzyanei Nik Jaafar ◽  
Norharlina Bahar ◽  
Normala Ibrahim ◽  
Azlin Baharudin ◽  
Wan Salwina Wan Ismail ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Factor Model ◽  
Treatment Strategies ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Family Counseling ◽  
Self Control ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Internet ◽  
Control Failure ◽  
Definition Of

Overdependence on the internet is a grave concern that has enveloped Malaysian youths which could lead to a variety of sequelae. This narrative review aims to determine the definition of internet overdependence and its associated factors, as well as the potential preventive and treatment strategies for internet overdependence. From the literature, internet overdependence is regarded as a 3-factor model encompassing salience, self-control failure, and serious consequences. Sociodemographic factors such as age, gender, and ethnicity, as well as psychosocial factors such as depression, anxiety, stress, and loneliness, were found to be associated with internet overdependence among Malaysian youths. A multimodal treatment approach is recommended by the implementation of various types of treatments, integrating disciplines such as pharmacology, psychotherapy, and family counseling. Despite various terminologies being used and unclear conceptualization of its nomenclature, overdependence on the internet is prevalent among youths in Malaysia. Future research should go toward establishing a clear definition of its terminology and attaining more robust evidence on treatment strategies.

Defining Urban Sustainability in the Context of North American Cities

2012 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
pp. 16-30 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michael J. Lorr
Keyword(s):  
North American ◽  
Urban Sociology ◽  
Urban Sustainability ◽  
Future Research ◽  
The Past ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Theoretical Approaches ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
American Cities ◽  
Green Cities

Urban sociology and urban studies increasingly employ the idea of sustainability to explain, analyze, and critique city redevelopment. While the ambiguous and oxymoronic nature of sustainability goals has been extensively covered in the past, the current resurgence and popularity of the term “sustainability,“ especially under the aegis of “urban sustainability“ or “green“ cities, requires us to rethink the usefulness of sustainability as a concept for understanding and evaluating urban redevelopment. Confronting this challenge, this article reviews three of the most common theoretical approaches to sustainability, problematizes those approaches in the context of North American cities, and then provides a working definition of urban sustainability. Finally, the article recommends four plausible research hypotheses to guide future research on urban sustainability.

The Curious Construct of Active Learning

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 8-43
Author(s):  
Doug Lombardi ◽  
Thomas F. Shipley ◽  
Janelle M. Bailey ◽  
Paulo S. Bretones ◽  
Edward E. Prather ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Active Learning ◽  
Classroom Practice ◽  
Interdisciplinary Collaboration ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Traditional Lecture ◽  
Construction Of Knowledge ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Undergraduate Stem Education ◽  
And Mathematics ◽  
Definition Of

The construct of active learning permeates undergraduate education in science, technology, engineering, and mathematics (STEM), but despite its prevalence, the construct means different things to different people, groups, and STEM domains. To better understand active learning, we constructed this review through an innovative interdisciplinary collaboration involving research teams from psychology and discipline-based education research (DBER). Our collaboration examined active learning from two different perspectives (i.e., psychology and DBER) and surveyed the current landscape of undergraduate STEM instructional practices related to the modes of active learning and traditional lecture. On that basis, we concluded that active learning—which is commonly used to communicate an alternative to lecture and does serve a purpose in higher education classroom practice—is an umbrella term that is not particularly useful in advancing research on learning. To clarify, we synthesized a working definition of active learning that operates within an elaborative framework, which we call the construction-of-understanding ecosystem. A cornerstone of this framework is that undergraduate learners should be active agents during instruction and that the social construction of meaning plays an important role for many learners, above and beyond their individual cognitive construction of knowledge. Our proposed framework offers a coherent and actionable concept of active learning with the aim of advancing future research and practice in undergraduate STEM education.

scholarly journals Defining Self-Awareness in the Context of Adult Development: A Systematic Literature Review

2021 ◽  
pp. 105256292199006
Author(s):  
Julia Carden ◽  
Rebecca J. Jones ◽  
Jonathan Passmore
Keyword(s):  
Leadership Development ◽  
Literature Review ◽  
Adult Development ◽  
Systematic Literature Review ◽  
Management Education ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Self Awareness ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Self Knowledge ◽  
Definition Of

Self-awareness is often seen as a critical component in leadership and career success, and has therefore become a feature in MBAs, leadership development, and management education. It has become a popular “buzzword” in management literature, yet when reviewing this literature, there appears to be no consistent definition of the construct. This article reports a systematic literature review, covering how the construct of self-awareness is defined and how it differs from self-consciousness and self-knowledge within the context of management education. After screening, 31 articles were included in the review, analysis of which identified there is an overlap with how self-awareness, self-consciousness, and self-knowledge are defined. Other themes from our analysis include the identification of the components of self-awareness, how to be self-aware, and the purpose of self-awareness. The contribution of our article is the provision of clarity on the construct of self-awareness and a working definition, which can be used in the fields of leadership and management development by practitioners in education and organizations, and for future research within the context of adult development and the workplace.

Exploring the Heart: Entrepreneurial Emotion is a Hot Topic

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa S. Cardon ◽  
Maw–Der Foo ◽  
Dean Shepherd ◽  
Johan Wiklund
Keyword(s):  
Future Research ◽  
Special Issue ◽  
Entrepreneurial Process ◽  
Working Definition ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
Made In

Entrepreneurial emotion refers to the affect, emotions, moods, and/or feelings—of individuals or a collective—that are antecedent to, concurrent with, and/or a consequence of, the entrepreneurial process, meaning the recognition/creation, evaluation, reformulation, and/or the exploitation of a possible opportunity. In this paper, we explore this working definition of entrepreneurial emotion, what it means, and some important advances the field has made in this area of research. We also highlight fundamental avenues for future research that are sorely in need of study. Finally, we introduce the seven papers in this special issue on the Heart of Entrepreneurship and how they move the conversation on entrepreneurial emotion forward.

scholarly journals A Narrative Review of Alzheimer’s Disease Stigma

2020 ◽  
Vol 78 (2) ◽  
pp. 515-528
Author(s):  
Eric R. Rosin ◽  
Drew Blasco ◽  
Alexander R. Pilozzi ◽  
Lawrence H. Yang ◽  
Xudong Huang
Keyword(s):  
Alzheimer’S Disease ◽  
Alzheimer's Disease ◽  
Senile Dementia ◽  
Narrative Review ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Review Of The Literature ◽  
Definition Of ◽  
New Framework ◽  
The Way

As the most common form of senile dementia, Alzheimer’s disease (AD) is accompanied by a great deal of uncertainty which can lead to fear and stigma for those identified with this devastating disease. As the AD definition evolves from a syndromal to a biological construct, and early diagnoses becomes more commonplace, more confusion and stigma may result. We conducted a narrative review of the literature on AD stigma to consolidate information on this body of research. From the perspective of several stigma theories, we identified relevant studies to inform our understanding of the way in which implementation of the new framework for a biological based AD diagnosis may have resulted in new and emerging stigma. Herein, we discuss the emergence of new AD stigma as our understanding of the definition of the disease changes. We further propose recommendations for future research to reduce the stigma associated with AD.

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