scholarly journals How Do People Cope During the COVID-19 Pandemic and Stay Well? A Salutogenic Longitudinal Study in Israel

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Adi Mana ◽  
Or Catz ◽  
Yossi Mana ◽  
Moran Neuman ◽  
Sharon Benheim ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Financial Risk ◽  
Coping Resources ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
General Anxiety ◽  
The Individual

Employing the salutogenic approach, this longitudinal study explored the effects of coping with the COVID-19 pandemic in Israel, as it evolved from an acute to a chronic stress situation, during the first year. We examined the role of individual [sense of coherence (SOC)], social (perceived social support), and national [sense of national coherence (SONC)] coping resources, as well as situational and demographic factors, in predicting mental health and anxiety. Data was collected in five phases between March 2020 and February 2021 via a repeated panel sample and included 198 Jewish Israelis (52% males) age 18–64 (M = 43.5). The results confirmed the expected pattern of moving from acute to chronic stressful situation: levels of general anxiety were higher in the first phase of the pandemic outbreak as compared to the other phases. Levels of social and national coping resources significantly decreased over time. However, as expected, the salutogenic resource of the individual sense of coherence remained stable and was also found as the main predictor of both anxiety and mental health in the 5 phases of the study. Beyond the explanatory factor of SOC, mental health was better explained by the social and national coping resources, while anxiety was explained by situational factors (level of financial risk and gender). The discussion delineates the longitudinal effects of individual, social, and national coping resources on mental health and anxiety during the dynamic process of the long period of 1 year of the pandemic, evolving from acute to chronic phases of the complicated health, economic, social, and political crisis

scholarly journals Individual, social and national coping resources and their relationships with mental health and anxiety: A comparative study in Israel, Italy, Spain, and the Netherlands during the Coronavirus pandemic

2021 ◽  
pp. 175797592199295
Author(s):  
Adi Mana ◽  
Sabina Super ◽  
Claudia Sardu ◽  
Dolors Juvinya Canal ◽  
Neuman Moran ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
Coping Resources ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Psychological Reactions ◽  
Anxiety Levels ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Governmental Institutions ◽  
Salutogenic Model ◽  
The Individual

Employing the salutogenic model, we asked how individuals in different countries cope with the COVID-19 crisis and stay healthy. We were interested in exploring the individual (i.e. sense of coherence) as well as the social and national resources (i.e. social support, sense of national coherence, and trust in governmental institutions) that could explain levels of mental health and anxiety during the outbreak of the pandemic. Data collection was conducted via convenience sampling on online platforms, during the end of March and the beginning of April 2020. The data included four samples: 640 Israeli participants (319 males), 622 Dutch participants (177 males), 924 Italian participants (338 males) and 489 Spanish participants (117 males); age range of 18–88 years. The questionnaires included standard tools (MHC-SF, GAD-7, SOC, SONC). Several questions were adapted to the context of coronavirus and measured levels of exposure to COVID-19, trust in governmental institutions, and social support. The results significantly confirmed the suggested salutogenic model regarding the contribution to individual and national coping resources to anxiety levels and mental health. The patterns of the coping resources in explaining anxiety and mental health were similar in the four samples, and SOC was the main predictor these outcomes. Despite these similarities, a different pattern and also different magnitudes of the predictive value of the coping resources were found for the two different reactions: anxiety vs. mental health. While SOC and situational factors (like financial threat) were significant in explaining anxiety levels, the SOC and national resources were found as significant in explaining mental health levels. The findings support the salutogenic approach in studying reactions during pandemic time. They also shed some light on the difference between pathogenic and salutogenic measures in studying psychological reactions to stressful situations.

scholarly journals Women in Refugee Camps: Which Coping Resources Help Them to Adapt?

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (20) ◽  
pp. 3990 ◽  
Author(s):  
Braun-Lewensohn ◽  
Abu-Kaf ◽  
Al-Said
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Outcomes ◽  
Sociodemographic Factors ◽  
Coping Resources ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Mental Health Outcomes ◽  
Refugee Camps ◽  
Demographic Information ◽  
Level Of Education ◽  
War Experiences

: The present study aimed to explore the coping resources and mental health of women who have fled Syria to a neighboring European country. To that end, we examined the roles of sociodemographic factors, situational factors, and personal and community sense of coherence (SOC and ComSOC, respectively) in mental-health outcomes. One hundred and eleven refugee women aged 19–70 filled out self-reported questionnaires during August 2018 in a refugee camp in Greece. The questionnaires asked the participants for demographic information (i.e., age, level of education level, and time spent in the camp) and also addressed the situational factors of having received aid from various organizations, appraisal of danger during the war in Syria, and exposure to war experiences, as well as the coping resources of SOC and ComSOC. The results show that time spent in the camp, appraisal of danger, SOC, and ComSOC all play significant roles in predicting the variance of various mental-health outcomes. Together, those factors predict 56% of anxiety, 53% of depression, and 58% of somatization. SOC was also found to mediate the relationships between time spent in the camp and outcome variables, as well as the relationships between the appraisal of danger and the outcome variables. This indicates that SOC is crucial for good adaptation. These results will be discussed in light of the salutogenic theory.

scholarly journals Sense of coherence, locus of control, self-efficacy and job satisfaction

2001 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. 41-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. Rothmann
Keyword(s):  
Job Satisfaction ◽  
Locus Of Control ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Self Efficacy ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Work Related ◽  
Dispositional Characteristics ◽  
Dispositional Factors ◽  
The One ◽  
The Individual

Job satisfaction is a complex variable and is influenced by situational factors of the job environment as well as dispositional characteristics of the individual. Recently there has been renewed interest in the role of dispositional characteristics in predicting work-related outcomes. The aim of this study was to determine the possible relationship between the dispositional factors of sense of coherence, locus of control and self-efficacy on the one hand, and job satisfaction on the other. The study population included 624 employees of 7 organisations. Sense of coherence, locus of control and self-efficacy were found to be related constructs, but only sense of coherence and locus of control were significantly related to job satisfaction. Sense of coherence, locus of control and self-efficacy predicted 30 per cent of the variance in total job satisfaction.

scholarly journals Gender differential impact of bereavement on health outcomes: evidence from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study, 2011–2015

2020 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhuo Chen ◽  
Jiahui Ying ◽  
Justin Ingles ◽  
Donglan Zhang ◽  
Janani Rajbhandari-Thapa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
Older Women ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Care Utilization ◽  
Depression Symptoms ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Self Assessed Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Gender Differential

Abstract Background Bereavement is the experience of an individual following the death of a person of significance to the individual, most often referring to the spouse. Increased morbidity, health care utilization, and mortality are known to be associated with bereavement. Given China’s growing population of older adults, there is a critical need to assess the health consequences of bereavement. Method We use data from the China Health and Retirement Longitudinal Study to examine the impact of bereavement on mental health and quality of life among a sample of mid- and older-aged adults. We use propensity score matching to construct a matching sample and difference-in-differences method to estimate the impact of bereavement on mental health and self-assessed health. Results We find bereavement is associated with increased depression symptoms among women (1.542 point or 0.229 standard deviations of Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression (CES-D) 10 score) but not consistently for men over time. No statistically significant effect of bereavement on self-assessed health is found. Conclusions Our results show a harmful impact of bereavement on mental health among older women in China and point to the need for a comprehensive policy on survivor benefits in China, particularly for rural older women.

scholarly journals Sense of Coherence

2021 ◽  
pp. 35-46
Author(s):  
Unni Karin Moksnes
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Mental Health Problems ◽  
Nursing Home Residents ◽  
Care Services ◽  
Patient Groups ◽  
Salutogenic Model ◽  
The Individual

AbstractThis chapter introduces the concept of sense of coherence which is a core concept in the salutogenic model defined by Aron Antonovsky. The salutogenic model posits that sense of coherence is a global orientation, where life is understood as more or less comprehensible, meaningful, and manageable. A strong sense of coherence helps the individual to mobilize resources to cope with stressors and manage tension successfully with the help of identification and use of generalized and specific resistance resources. Through this mechanism, the sense of coherence helps determine one’s movement on the health ease/dis-ease continuum. Antonovsky developed an instrument named Orientation to Life Questionnaire to measure the sense of coherence which exists in two original versions: a 29-item and a 13-item version. This chapter presents the measurement of the sense of coherence and the validity and reliability of the 13-item scale. It gives a brief overview of empirical research of the role of sense of coherence in association with mental health and quality of life and also on sense of coherence in different patient groups including nursing home residents, patients with coronary heart disease, diabetes, cancer, and mental health problems. It also briefly discusses the implications of using salutogenesis in health care services and the importance of implementing this perspective in meeting with different patient groups. The salutogenic approach may promote a healthy orientation toward helping the patient to cope with everyday stressors and integrate the effort regarding how to help the patient manage to live with disease and illness and promote quality of life.

scholarly journals Theories of a Stress-Coping Behavior: Searching for Neurocognitive Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 57-79
Author(s):  
Nina Yarosh ◽  
Nataliia Mateiko ◽  
Myroslav Savchyn ◽  
Mariia Zamishchak ◽  
Svitlana Zabolotska ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Cognitive Processing ◽  
Coping Behavior ◽  
Personal Characteristics ◽  
Situational Factors ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Stress Coping ◽  
Effective Strategies ◽  
Behavior Strategies ◽  
The Individual

The article proves that the main form of overcoming stress is coping behavior, which is understood as a purposeful social and neurophysiologically determined behavior that allows a person to cope with stress in ways that meet the characteristics of the individual and the situation. Coping behavior is considered a synonym for stress-coping behavior, which is expressed in the use of coping strategies by the individual. Personal characteristics and situational factors determine the choice of coping behavior strategies. The article aims to resolve the contradictions of multimodal approaches to the problem in question in the post-Soviet countries and group theories that include not only external social but also neurophysiological factors. The article shows that the choice of coping strategies mostly depends on personal and neurophysiological factors. These include neurophysiological reflexive or instinctive and higher ones: adequate self-concept, positive self-esteem, personality anxiety, cognitive style, and energy resources, which include endurance and temperament characteristics, intelligence, creativity, and locus of personality control. Overcoming a stressful situation is impossible without cognitive "processing," which becomes available through reflection. The influence of reflection on the choice of coping strategy of the individual is that reflective individuals choose more adaptive and effective strategies. The international relevance of the article lies in discovering neuroscientific aspects of the problem in question in the post-Soviet countries, which will allow these countries to contribute to the global scientific interdisciplinary discourse.

Brief Report: Can Political Orientation Explain Mental Health in the Time of a Global Pandemic? Voting Patterns, Personal and National Coping Resources, and Mental Health During the Coronavirus Crisis

2020 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 165-171
Author(s):  
Adi Mana ◽  
Shifra Sagy
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
National Level ◽  
Political Orientation ◽  
Coping Resources ◽  
Political Crisis ◽  
Right Wing ◽  
Left Wing ◽  
Global Pandemic ◽  
The Government ◽  
Governmental Institutions

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to examine mental health during the coronavirus pandemic crisis and its explanation by personal and national level coping resources. This question was examined in the midst of a political crisis in Israel among voters from two different political orientations. Method: Questionnaires were delivered to a sample of 396 Israeli Jews, of them 180 (45.5%) right-wing and 216 (54.5%) left-wing voters. Right-wing voters presented higher levels of mental health during the crisis as compared to left-wing voters. Results: Right-wing voters also reported stronger levels of national coping resources such as sense of national coherence and trust in governmental institutions. Moreover, mental health was predicted only by personal resources among left-wing voters, while among the right-wing participants national resources were significant as well. Discussion: The results highlight the role of political orientation and low trust in the government as a possible risk factor for mental health even in times of global pandemic crisis.

scholarly journals Effect of Stress on Mental Health

2021 ◽  
pp. 491-500
Author(s):  
Medha Rajiv Ranjan ◽  
A. Jothi Priya ◽  
R. Gayatri Devi
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Sampling Method ◽  
Simple Random Sampling ◽  
Well Being ◽  
P Value ◽  
Stressful Situation ◽  
Cross Sectional Survey ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Study Population ◽  
The Individual

Introduction: Stress can come from any event that makes an individual feel anxious, frustrated, depressed due to the inability to cope with the situation. Stress is caused due to various stressors stimulating responses in the individual's body. The stressors usually increase the potential of the individual to face a stressful situation and overcome it however if the stressors are constantly triggered they can cause physiological damage to the individual. Physiological impact includes high blood pressure, rapid breathing, aches and pains, in severe cases it can also lead to stroke. Stressors can also impact an individual emotionally and mentally by causing insomnia, depression and anxiety. Mental health is the state of the overall well-being of an individual which helps them to overcome anxiety and stressful situations and thereby increases the productivity of the individuals in order to contribute to the society. It is important to maintain good mental health in order to keep the individual healthy. Aim: The study has been conducted to assess the overall mental health of the study population and thereby suggest ways in which we can deal with stress. Stress and anxiety can be managed by practising yoga, meditation, discussing problems with a counsellor or spending time with family and loved ones. Materials and Methods: A cross-sectional survey was conducted among the population with a sample size of 100. A self administered structured questionnaire was prepared based on the effect of stress on mental health. It was circulated to participants through an online platform (google form). The statistics were done using SPSS software, chi-square test effect of stress on mental health  was used to check the association and P value of 0.05 was said to be statistically significant. The pros of the survey is that individuals of different lifestyles and cultures were surveyed. This study was conducted among individuals of the age group 14-46 years. Simple random sampling method was the sampling method used to minimise the sampling bias. Results: The p value obtained from statistical data analysis was 0.02 which is statistically significant. The results revealed that most of the individuals of the study population had experienced stress in their life and some of them were already aware about the ways in which they could overcome stress. This study provided alternate ways to overcome stress and anxiety for individuals experiencing stress in their day to day lives.

Fathers’ Coping Resources and Children’s Socioemotional Adjustment Among Children With Learning Disabilities

2011 ◽  
Vol 44 (6) ◽  
pp. 491-507 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Al-Yagon
Keyword(s):  
Learning Disabilities ◽  
Protective Factors ◽  
Coping Strategies ◽  
Sense Of Coherence ◽  
Risk Model ◽  
Coping Resources ◽  
Avoidant Coping ◽  
Typical Development ◽  
Significant Group ◽  
The Individual

This study examined a cumulative model of vulnerability and protective factors at the individual level (children’s attachment relationships with father and children’s sense of coherence) and at the family level as manifested by fathers’ coping resources (fathers’ sense of coherence, fathers’ active and avoidant coping strategies) in helping to explain differences in socioemotional and behavioral adjustment among children at the age 8 to 12 years with learning disabilities (LD) and or with typical development. The sample included 205 father-child dyads: 107 fathers and their children having LD and 98 fathers and their children with typical development, from the same public elementary schools. Preliminary analyses indicated significant group differences on all the children’s measures as well as on fathers’ avoidant coping strategies. Path analysis examined the multidimensional risk model for the LD and non-LD groups. The study found a high fit between the theoretical model and the empirical findings as well as a different pattern of relationship between the model’s components for the two populations studied. Discussion focuses on understanding the unique value of vulnerability and protective factors at the individual and family levels on children’s well-adjusted functioning.

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