scholarly journals Analysis of the Gut Microbiota and Inflammatory Factors in mGluR5-Knockout Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guohong Cai ◽  
Yuanyuan Zhu ◽  
Jing Chen ◽  
Suo Zhao ◽  
Liying Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Inflammatory Factors

scholarly journals Role of lung and gut microbiota on lung cancer pathogenesis

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yue Zhao ◽  
Yuxia Liu ◽  
Shuang Li ◽  
Zhaoyun Peng ◽  
Xiantao Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lung Cancer ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Cancer Progression ◽  
Gut Microbiome ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Cancer Pathogenesis ◽  
Research Findings ◽  
Relationship Of

Abstract Background Lung cancer is the leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide (Ferlay et al., Int J Cancer 136:E359–386, 2015). In addition, lung cancer is associated with the highest mortality among all cancer types (Wu et al., Exp Ther Med 16:3004–3010, 2018). Previous studies report that microbiota play an important role in lung cancer. Notably, changes in lung and gut microbiota, are associated with progression of lung cancer. Several studies report that lung and gut microbiome promote lung cancer initiation and development by modulating metabolic pathways, inhibiting the function of immune cells, and producing pro-inflammatory factors. In addition, some factors such as microbiota dysbiosis, affect production of bacteriotoxins, genotoxicity and virulence effect, therefore, they play a key role in cancer progression. These findings imply that lung and gut microbiome are potential markers and targets for lung cancer. However, the role of microbiota in development and progression of lung cancer has not been fully explored. Purpose The aim of this study was to systemically review recent research findings on relationship of lung and gut microbiota with lung cancer. In addition, we explored gut–lung axis and potential mechanisms of lung and gut microbiota in modulating lung cancer progression. Conclusion Pulmonary and intestinal flora influence the occurrence, development, treatment and prognosis of lung cancer, and will provide novel strategies for prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of lung cancer.

scholarly journals Western diet feeding influences gut microbiota profiles in apoE knockout mice

2018 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Baoning Liu ◽  
Yali Zhang ◽  
Rong Wang ◽  
Yingfeng An ◽  
Weiman Gao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Western Diet ◽  
Apoe Knockout Mice

scholarly journals The Immunomodulatory Effect of the Gut Microbiota in Kidney Disease

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
Mingxuan Chi ◽  
Kuai Ma ◽  
Jing Wang ◽  
Zhaolun Ding ◽  
Yunlong Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Kidney Disease ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Microbiota ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion Injury ◽  
Therapeutic Potential ◽  
Kidney Diseases ◽  
Ischemia Reperfusion ◽  
Intestinal Flora ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Renal Diseases

The human gut microbiota is a complex cluster composed of 100 trillion microorganisms, which holds a symbiotic relationship with the host under normal circumstances. Intestinal flora can facilitate the treatment of human metabolic dysfunctions and interact with the intestinal tract, which could influence intestinal tolerance, immunity, and sensitivity to inflammation. In recent years, significant interests have evolved on the association of intestinal microbiota and kidney diseases within the academic circle. Abnormal changes in intestinal microbiota, known as dysbiosis, can affect the integrity of the intestinal barrier, resulting in the bacterial translocation, production, and accumulation of dysbiotic gut-derived metabolites, such as urea, indoxyl sulfate (IS), and p-cresyl sulfate (PCS). These processes lead to the abnormal activation of immune cells; overproduction of antibodies, immune complexes, and inflammatory factors; and inflammatory cell infiltration that can directly or indirectly cause damage to the renal parenchyma. The aim of this review is to summarize the role of intestinal flora in the development and progression of several renal diseases, such as lupus nephritis, chronic kidney disease, diabetic nephropathy, and renal ischemia-reperfusion injury. Further research on these mechanisms should provide insights into the therapeutic potential of regulating intestinal flora and intervening related molecular targets for the abovementioned nephropathy.

scholarly journals Adiponectin Deficiency Suppresses Rhabdomyosarcoma Associated with Gut Microbiota Regulation

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-12
Author(s):  
Jiao Peng ◽  
Jia-yue Wang ◽  
Hai-feng Huang ◽  
Ting-ting Zheng ◽  
Jie Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Knockout Mice ◽  
Gene Knockout ◽  
Vital Role ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Fecal Microbiome ◽  
Gene Knockout Mice ◽  
Genetic Information Processing ◽  
Rrna Gene Sequencing ◽  
Novel Strategy

The gut microbiota is very important in the initiation, progression, and dissemination of cancer, and the regulation of microbiota has been employed as a novel strategy to enhance the effect of immunotherapy. Adiponectin (APN), an adipocyte-derived hormone, plays a vital role in regulating the immune response of innate immune cells. The deficiency of APN inhibits rhabdomyosarcoma growth. However, whether this function is associated with regulating gut microbiota remains unknown. To investigate, we performed 16S ribosomal RNA (rRNA) gene sequencing on the fecal microbiome of APN gene knockout mice to determine whether APN deletion affects the gut microbiota. We found APN deficiency alters gut microbial functions involved in metabolism, genetic information processing, and cellular processes. In addition, a decreased abundance of Bacteroides and an increased abundance of Prevotella and Helicobacter were observed in rhabdomyosarcoma-bearing APN knockout mice; these bacteria were associated with the inhibition of rhabdomyosarcoma growth. These findings suggest that gut microbiota may be a potential target of APN deficiency against rhabdomyosarcoma.

scholarly journals The Correlation between Gut Microbiota and Serum Metabolomic in Elderly Patients with Chronic Heart Failure

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-13
Author(s):  
Zhenhua Wang ◽  
Zhaoling Cai ◽  
Markus W. Ferrari ◽  
Yilong Liu ◽  
Chengyi Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heart Failure ◽  
Chronic Heart Failure ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Elderly Patients ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Healthy Subjects ◽  
The Elderly ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
16S Rdna Sequencing ◽  
Rdna Sequencing

Objective. Chronic heart failure (CHF) refers to a state of persistent heart failure that can be stable, deteriorated, or decompensated. The mechanism and pathogenesis of myocardial remodeling remain unknown. Based on 16S rDNA sequencing and metabolomics technology, this study analyzed the gut microbiota and serum metabolome in elderly patients with CHF to provide new insights into the microbiota and metabolic phenotypes of CHF. Methods. Blood and fecal samples were collected from 25 elderly patients with CHF and 25 healthy subjects. The expression of inflammatory factors in blood was detected by ELISA. 16S rDNA sequencing was used to analyze the changes in microorganisms in the samples. The changes of small molecular metabolites in serum samples were analyzed by LC-MS/MS. Spearman correlation coefficients were used to analyze the correlation between gut microbiota and serum metabolites. Results. Our results showed that the IL-6, IL-8, and TNF-α levels were significantly increased, and the IL-10 level was significantly decreased in the elderly patients with CHF compared with the healthy subjects. The diversity of the gut microbiota was decreased in the elderly patients with CHF. Moreover, Escherichia Shigella was negatively correlated with biocytin and RIBOFLAVIN. Haemophilus was negatively correlated with alpha-lactose, cellobiose, isomaltose, lactose, melibiose, sucrose, trehalose, and turanose. Klebsiella was positively correlated with bilirubin and ethylsalicylate. Klebsiella was negatively correlated with citramalate, hexanoylcarnitine, inosine, isovalerylcarnitine, methylmalonate, and riboflavin. Conclusion. The gut microbiota is simplified by the disease, and serum small-molecule metabolites evidently change in elderly patients with CHF. Serum and fecal biomarkers could be used for elderly patients with CHF screening.

scholarly journals Remodeling gut microbiota by Streptococcus thermophilus 19 attenuates inflammation in septic mice

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fu Han ◽  
Yijie Zhang ◽  
Xuekang Yang ◽  
Zhuoqun Fang ◽  
Shichao Han ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Microbial Community ◽  
Mouse Model ◽  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Organ Dysfunction ◽  
Cause Of Death ◽  
Inflammatory Diseases ◽  
Streptococcus Thermophilus ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Burn Patients ◽  
Life Threatening

AbstractSepsis is a life-threatening organ dysfunction caused by a dysregulated host response to infection and is the leading cause of death in burn patients. Streptococcus thermophilus 19 is a highly effective probiotic, with well-studied health benefits, but its role in protecting viscera against injury caused by sepsis and the underlying mechanism is poorly understood. The goal of this study was to evaluate protection potency of S. thermophilus against inflammation in mice and evaluate the influence of sepsis and S. thermophilus on microbial community. We tested the utility of S. thermophilus 19 in attenuating inflammation in vitro and vivo of LPS-induced sepsis mouse model. We also evaluated the influence of sepsis and S. thermophilus on microbial community. In vitro, S. thermophilus 19 decrease the expression of inflammatory factors. Additionally, in a lipopolysaccharide-induced septic mouse model, mice administered the probiotic 19 was highly resistant to Lps and exhibited decreased expression of inflammatory factors compared to Lps-treated control mice. A MiSeq-based sequence analysis revealed that gut microbiota alterations in mice intraperitoneally injected with 1 mg/ml LPS were mitigated by the administration of oral probiotics 19. Together these findings indicate that S. thermophilus 19 may be a new avenue for interventions against inflammation caused by sepsis and other systemic inflammatory diseases. In an analysis of the gut microbiota of the all group mice, we found that sepsis is associated with gut microbiota and probiotics attenuate the inflammation through remodeling gut microbiota.ImportanceSepsis is life-threatening organ dysfunction which is the leading cause of death in burn patients. Although our understanding of sepsis has increased substantially in recent years, it’s still reported to be the leading cause of death in seriously ill patients. Evidences showed that gut microbiota play an important role in sepsis. Moreover, probiotics have been used to prevent numbers of gut health disorders and alleviate inflammation associated with some human diseases by promoting changes in the gut microbiota composition. Hence, to investigate the mechanism of probiotics in the treatment of sepsis has emerged. The significance of our research is in identifying the role of gut microbiota in sepsis and found an effective probiotic that reduces inflammation, S. thermophilus 19, and investigating the therapeutic effect and mechanism of S. thermophilus 19 on sepsis, which might be a new avenue for interventions against inflammation caused by sepsis and other systemic inflammatory diseases.

scholarly journals Comparison of Gut Microbiota and Metabolic Status of Sows With Different Litter Sizes During Pregnancy

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jiali Chen ◽  
Fuchang Li ◽  
Weiren Yang ◽  
Shuzhen Jiang ◽  
Yang Li
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Litter Size ◽  
Reproductive Performance ◽  
Plasma Levels ◽  
Biochemical Parameters ◽  
Immunoglobulin M ◽  
Metabolic Status ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Large White ◽  
Performance Group

The experiment was conducted to compare the differences of gut microbiota and metabolic status of sows with different litter sizes on days 30 and 110 of gestation, and uncover the relationship between the composition of maternal gut microbiota during gestation and sow reproductive performance. Twenty-six Large White × Landrace crossbred multiparous sows (2nd parity) with similar back fat thickness and body weight were assigned to two groups [high-reproductive performance group (HP group) and low-reproductive performance group (LP group)] according to their litter sizes and fed a common gestation diet. Results showed that compared with LP sows, HP sows had significantly lower plasma levels of triglyceride (TG) on gestation d 30 (P < 0.05), but had significantly higher plasma levels of TG, non-esterified fatty acid, tumor necrosis factor-α, and immunoglobulin M on gestation d 110 (P < 0.05). Consistently, HP sows revealed increased alpha diversity and butyrate-producing genera, as well as fecal butyrate concentration, on gestation d 30; HP sows showed significantly different microbiota community structure with LP sows (P < 0.05) and had markedly higher abundance of Firmicutes (genera Christensenellaceae_R-7_group and Terrisporobacter) which were positively related with litter size on gestation d 110 than LP sows (P < 0.05). In addition, plasma biochemical parameters, plasma cytokines, and fecal microbiota shifted dramatically from gestation d 30 to d 110. Therefore, our findings demonstrated that microbial abundances and community structures differed significantly between sows with different litter sizes and gestation stages, which was associated with changes in plasma biochemical parameters, inflammatory factors, and immunoglobulin. Moreover, these findings revealed that there was a significant correlation between litter size and gut microbiota of sows, and provided a microbial perspective to improve sow reproductive performance in pig production.

scholarly journals Sodium Houttuyfonate and Sodium New Houttuyfonate Affect the Composition of Gut Microbiota and Production of Inflammatory Factors in Mice

2020 ◽  
Vol 15 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X2097251
Author(s):  
Guiming Yan ◽  
Yuanqing Si ◽  
Jing Shao ◽  
Tianming Wang ◽  
Changzhong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Alpha Diversity ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Nuclear Factor ◽  
Lipocalin 2 ◽  
Houttuynia Cordata ◽  
Treatment Groups ◽  
Abundance And Diversity ◽  
Derivatives Of

Houttuynia drugs, including sodium houttuyfonate (SH) and sodium new houttuyfonate (SNH), are derivatives of the active ingredient of Houttuynia cordata, which can be used as both a vegetable and medicine in China. We aimed to explore the regulation effects of SH and SNH on the gut microbiota and production of inflammatory factors in mice. Here, we found that SH and SNH led to an increase in the production of interferon gamma and nuclear factor κ, and decreased the production of lipocalin-2 in the mice. The alpha diversity results of gut microbiota of the mice showed that the gut microbiota of the SH, SNH, and azithromycin treatment groups were significantly different from the control group, but the effects of reduced abundance and diversity of the SH and SNH groups were relatively lower than that of the azithromycin group. The beta diversity results indicated that the samples of each group were significantly grouped, and distribution of SH and SNH groups was more similar to the control group than the azithromycin group. Furthermore, SH and SNH groups had significant differences in the abundance of specific bacteria such as Escherichia–Shigella and Odoribacter, which might be associated with the increase of inflammatory factors. Therefore, our results suggested that SH and SNH may significantly affect the gut microbiota and production of inflammatory factors in the mice.

scholarly journals The Herbal Medicine Scutellaria-Coptis Alleviates Intestinal Mucosal Barrier Damage in Diabetic Rats by Inhibiting Inflammation and Modulating the Gut Microbiota

2020 ◽  
Vol 2020 ◽  
pp. 1-17
Author(s):  
Boxun Zhang ◽  
Rensong Yue ◽  
Yuan Chen ◽  
Xiaoying Huang ◽  
Maoyi Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gut Microbiota ◽  
Intestinal Inflammation ◽  
Intestinal Barrier ◽  
Diabetic Rats ◽  
Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Inflammatory Factors ◽  
Pathological State ◽  
Intestinal Mucosal Barrier ◽  
Metabolic Inflammation ◽  
Anti Inflammatory

Recent studies have confirmed that increased intestinal permeability and gut-origin lipopolysaccharide (LPS) translocation are important causes of metabolic inflammation in type 2 diabetes (T2D), but there are no recognized therapies for targeting this pathological state. Scutellaria baicalensis and Coptis chinensis are a classic herbal pair often used to treat diabetes and various intestinal diseases, and repair of intestinal barrier damage may be at the core of their therapeutic mechanism. This study investigated the effects of oral administration of Scutellaria-Coptis (SC) on the intestinal mucosal barrier in diabetic rats and explored the underlying mechanism from the perspective of anti-inflammatory and gut microbiota-modulatory effects. The main results showed that, in addition to regulating glycolipid metabolism disorders and inhibiting serum inflammatory factors, SC could also upregulate the expression levels of the tight junction proteins claudin-1, occludin, and zonula occludens (ZO-1), significantly improve intestinal epithelial damage, and inhibit excessive LPS translocation into the blood circulation. Furthermore, it was found that SC could reduce the levels of the inflammatory factors interleukin-1β (IL-1β), IL-6, and tumour necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in intestinal tissue and that the anti-inflammatory effects involved the TLR-4/TRIF and TNFR-1/NF-κB signalling pathways. Moreover, SC had a strong inhibitory effect on some potential enteropathogenic bacteria and LPS-producing bacteria, such as Proteobacteria, Enterobacteriaceae, Enterobacter, Escherichia-Shigella, and Enterococcus, and could also promote the proliferation of butyrate-producing bacteria, such as Lachnospiraceae and Prevotellaceae. Taken together, the hypoglycaemic effects of SC were related to the protection of the intestinal mucosal barrier, and the mechanisms might be related to the inhibition of intestinal inflammation and the regulation of the gut microbiota.

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