Effects of Electroacupuncture Combined With Psychological Intervention on Depressive Status and Contingent Negative Variation in Patients With Internet Addiction Disorder: A Randomized Controlled Trial

Background: Depressive symptoms often accompany people with Internet addiction syndrome (IAD). Acupuncture has been found to have significant advantages in improving the severity and depressive symptoms of IAD. Contingent negative variation (CNV) is a common method to explore the mechanism of neurophysiology.Objective: The purpose of this study was to observe the efficacy of electroacupuncture (EA), psychological intervention (PI), and comprehensive intervention (CI) in the treatment of depression in Internet addiction disorder (IAD), and to observe the changes of contingent negative variation (CNV) in each group.Methods: One hundred and twenty subjects diagnosed with IAD were randomly assigned to the EA group, the PI group, or the CI group. They received EA, PI, or a combination of EA and PI for 40 days. The Internet Addiction Test (IAT), the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS), and the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) were evaluated for all subjects at baseline, 20th, and 40th days of treatment, while CNV data were collected at baseline and 40th days of treatment.Results: Three treatments effectively reduced IAT, SDS, and HAMD scores, and the intergroup comparison showed that CI was superior to EA, while EA was superior to PI. CNV results indicated that the CNV amplitude increased in all three groups of IAD patients after treatment. The CNV latency of point A and A-S2' wave area of the EA group and the CI group did not change significantly after treatment. Only the A-S2' wave area of the PI group increased significantly compared with the baseline period. In addition, IAD's IAT score was positively correlated with SDS and HAMD score at baseline but negatively correlated with CNV latency. After treatment, only the change of HAMD score in the CI group was negatively correlated with amplitude.Conclusion: Our results demonstrate the efficacy of acupuncture and psychological intervention in the treatment of IAD from an electrophysiological perspective. Simultaneously, the increase in CNV amplitude might be the underlying neurophysiological mechanism by which CI improves depression and cognitive function in IAD patients.Clinical Trial Registration:ClinicalTrials.gov, identifier NCT02362698.

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Evaluation of the online-based self-help programme “Selfapy” in patients with unipolar depression: study protocol for a randomized, blinded parallel group dismantling study

Trials ◽

10.1186/s13063-021-05218-4 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 22 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Rico Krämer ◽

Stephan Köhler

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Drop Out ◽

Control Group ◽

Hamilton Depression Scale ◽

Online Interventions ◽

Phone Calls ◽

Self Help ◽

Low Threshold ◽

The Impact

Abstract Background Patients with mild to moderate depressive symptoms can have limited access to regular treatment; to ensure appropriate care, low-threshold treatment is needed. Effective online interventions could increase the supply of low-threshold treatment. Further research is needed to evaluate the effectiveness of online interventions. This study aims to evaluate the online-based self-help programme “Selfapy” on a sample of depressive subjects and compares the impact of the programme’s unaccompanied version with its therapeutic accompanied version. Methods A sample of 400 subjects that have a mild to severe depressive episode (Becks Depression Inventory - II and Hamilton Depression Scale) will be used. Subjects are randomly assigned to immediate access to an unaccompanied course (no support from psychologist via weekly phone calls), immediate access to an accompanied course (support from a psychologist via weekly phone calls) or a waiting list control group (access to the intervention after 24 weeks). The intervention will last for a period of 12 weeks. Depressive symptoms as a primary parameter, as well as various secondary parameters, such as life satisfaction, therapeutic relationships, social activation, self-esteem, attitudes towards Internet interventions and drop-out rates, are recorded at four different points in time: at baseline (T1), 6 weeks after the start of the intervention (T2), 12 weeks after the start of the intervention (T3) and 3 months after completion of the treatment follow-up (T4). Conclusion This randomized and controlled, blinded study will make use of a “dismantled” approach to adequately compare the accompanied and unaccompanied versions of the intervention. Positive and meaningful results are expected that could influence the acceptance and implementation of online interventions. Trial registration German Clinical Trials Register DRKS00017191. Registered on 14 June 2019

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Effectiveness of Attachment-Based Family Therapy compared to Treatment as Usual for Depressed Adolescents in Community Mental Health Clinics

10.21203/rs.3.rs-16225/v7 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Luxsiya Waraan ◽

Erling W. Rognli ◽

Nikolai Olavi Czajkowski ◽

Marianne Aalberg ◽

Lars Mehlum

Keyword(s):

Mental Health ◽

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Family Therapy ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Small Sample ◽

Post Treatment ◽

Treatment Manual ◽

Future Research ◽

Hamilton Depression Scale ◽

Treatment As Usual

Abstract Background: Major Depressive Disorder (MDD) is a disabling mood disorder, profoundly affecting a large number of adolescent’s quality of life. To date, no obvious treatment of choice for MDD in adolescents is available and progress in the treatment of depressed adolescents will have important public health implications. Attachment-Based Family Therapy (ABFT), as the only empirically supported family therapy model designed to treat adolescent depression, aims to repair interpersonal ruptures and rebuild an emotionally protective parent-child relationship. Objective: To study the effectiveness of ABFT compared with treatment as usual (TAU) delivered within child- and adolescent mental health services (CAMHS) to adolescents with MDD.Method: Sixty adolescents (86.7% girls), aged 13-18 years (M = 14.9, SD = 1.35), with MDD referred to two CAMHS were randomized to 16 weeks of ABFT or TAU. ABFT consisted of weekly therapy sessions (family/individual or both) according to the treatment manual. TAU was not monitored. Primary outcomes were assessed by blinded evaluators at baseline and post-treatment with the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD). Self-reported (Beck Depression Inventory-II, BDI-II) depressive symptoms were assessed at baseline, and after 4, 6, 8, 10,12, 14, and 16 weeks. Analyses were performed according to intent-to-treat principles. Results: At post-treatment, clinician-rated remission rates on the HAMD (5 % in ABFT and 3.33% in TAU, p =1, OR=1.54, Fisher’s exact test) and self-reported symptoms of depression on the BDI-II did not differ significantly between groups (X2[2, N = 60] =0.06 , p = 0.97). In both treatment groups participants reported significantly reduced depressive symptoms, but the majority (63.3 %) of adolescents were still in the clinical range after 16 weeks of treatment. Conclusion: ABFT was not superior to TAU. Remission and response rates were low in both groups, suggesting none of the treatments were effective in treating MDD in adolescents. Findings must be viewed in the context of the study’s small sample size, missing data, and implementation challenges. Continued efforts to improve treatment for MDD in outpatient clinics are warranted . Future research should examine moderators of and mechanisms for individual differences to treatment response, as well as the feasibility and cost-effectiveness of implementing treatment models which may require extensive training and expertise to yield clinically meaningful improvements in non-research settings. Trial Registration: Clinicaltrials.gov identifier: NCT01830088 https://clinicaltrials.gov/ct2/show/NCT01830088?term=Villab%C3%B8&draw=2&rank=1 Date of registration: April 12, 2013

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Effects of bright light therapy for depression during pregnancy: a randomised, double-blind controlled trial

BMJ Open ◽

10.1136/bmjopen-2020-038030 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 10 (10) ◽

pp. e038030

Author(s):

Babette Bais ◽

Astrid M Kamperman ◽

Hilmar H Bijma ◽

Witte JG Hoogendijk ◽

Jan L Souman ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Pregnant Women ◽

Rating Scale ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Bright Light ◽

Light Therapy ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Bright Light Therapy ◽

Double Blind

ObjectivesApproximately 11%–13% of pregnant women suffer from depression. Bright light therapy (BLT) is a promising treatment, combining direct availability, sufficient efficacy, low costs and high safety for both mother and child. Here, we examined the effects of BLT on depression during pregnancy.DesignRandomised, double-blind controlled trial.SettingPrimary and secondary care in The Netherlands, from November 2016 to March 2019.Participants67 pregnant women (12–32 weeks gestational age) with a DSM-5 diagnosis of depressive disorder (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders).InterventionsParticipants were randomly allocated to treatment with either BLT (9000 lux, 5000 K) or dim red light therapy (DRLT, 100 lux, 2700 K), which is considered placebo. For 6 weeks, both groups were treated daily at home for 30 min on awakening. Follow-up took place weekly during the intervention, after 6 weeks of therapy, 3 and 10 weeks after treatment and 2 months postpartum.Primary and secondary outcome measuresDepressive symptoms were measured primarily with the Structured Interview Guide for the Hamilton Depression Scale—Seasonal Affective Disorder. Secondary measures were the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression and the Edinburgh Postnatal Depression Scale. Changes in rating scale scores of these questionnaires over time were analysed using generalised linear mixed models.ResultsMedian depression scores decreased by 40.6%–53.1% in the BLT group and by 50.9%–66.7% in the DRLT group. We found no statistically significant difference in symptom change scores between BLT and DRLT. Sensitivity and post-hoc analyses did not change our findings.ConclusionsDepressive symptoms of pregnant women with depression improved in both treatment arms. More research is necessary to determine whether these responses represent true treatment effects, non-specific treatment responses, placebo effects or a combination hereof.Trial registration numberNTR5476.

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The Ham D6 is more homogenous and as sensitive as the Ham D17

European Psychiatry ◽

10.1016/j.eurpsy.2007.01.1218 ◽

2007 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 252-255 ◽

Cited By ~ 29

Author(s):

Y. Lecrubier ◽

P. Bech

Keyword(s):

Effect Size ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Primary Outcome Measure ◽

Antidepressant Effect ◽

Hamilton Depression Scale ◽

Recurrent Depression ◽

Double Blind ◽

Specificity And Sensitivity ◽

Pre Treatment

AbstractObjectiveUsing the data of a positive d.b.c.t. comparing an hypericum extract (W55570) to placebo in depressed patients we explored whether the Ham D6 was unidimentional and in case of a positive answer whether the total score was as sensitive as the total score of the Ham D17.MethodsThe study was a 6 weeks double blind placebo controlled trial comparing 300 mg of hypericum t.i.d (n = 186), to placebo (n = 189), in patients with a single or recurrent depression according to DSM-IV. Superiority of hypericum versus placebo on the main outcome criterion (HDRS 17) was already published.The unidimensionality of the Hamilton depression scale 6 and 17 items were tested using a Mokken scale analysis. The effect size according to the initial severity of depression was calculated on the ITT last observation carried forward population.ResultsThe Ham D6, covering the core symptoms of depression was unidimensional, implying that improving this score reflects a true antidepressant effect. The Ham D17 was not unidimensional.Hypericum was an effective antidepressant in patients with a pre-treatment score of 12 or more (n = 208) on the Ham D6, the effect size was 0.46. No difference with placebo was observed for those with a score of less than 12 (n = 167).ConclusionsFor the evaluation of an antidepressant effect, because of its specificity and sensitivity, the Ham D6 should be used as a primary outcome measure rather than the Ham D17.

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Difference in mental state between Internet-addicted and non-addicted Japanese undergraduates

International Journal of Adolescent Medicine and Health ◽

10.1515/ijamh-2014-0030 ◽

2015 ◽

Vol 27 (3) ◽

pp. 307-310 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Kazuki Hirao

Keyword(s):

Depressive Symptoms ◽

Internet Addiction ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Mental States ◽

Flow Experience ◽

Cross Sectional Survey ◽

Cross Sectional ◽

Patient Health ◽

Flow Experiences

Abstract Background: Internet addiction (IA) is a common disorder among adolescents throughout most of the industrialized world. The purpose of this study was to compare mental states between Japanese undergraduates with IA and those without IA. Methods: In a cross-sectional survey, 165 healthy participants were assessed for IA using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT), for the frequency and quality of flow experiences in daily life using the Flow Experience Checklist (FEC), and for depressive symptoms using the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9), Beck Depression Inventory-II (BDI-II), and Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale (SDS). Results: The results showed that the prevalence of IA in the participants of this study was 15% and the frequencies of flow experience and depressive symptoms were significantly higher in the IA group. Conclusion: The results indicate that IA affects a significant number of Japanese university students and is associated with higher rates of depressive symptoms, suggesting a need for intervention programs as part of student mental health services.

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Abnormalities in Electroencephalographic Microstates Among Adolescents With First Episode Major Depressive Disorder

Frontiers in Psychiatry ◽

10.3389/fpsyt.2021.775156 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 12 ◽

Author(s):

Yuqiong He ◽

Qianting Yu ◽

Tingyu Yang ◽

Yaru Zhang ◽

Kun Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Major Depressive Disorder ◽

Depressive Disorder ◽

Depression Scale ◽

First Episode ◽

Hamilton Depression Scale ◽

Healthy Controls ◽

Major Depressive ◽

Hamd Score ◽

Eeg Changes ◽

Microstate Analysis

Background: Recent studies have reported changes in the electroencephalograms (EEG) of patients with major depressive disorder (MDD). However, little research has explored EEG differences between adolescents with MDD and healthy controls, particularly EEG microstates differences. The aim of the current study was to characterize EEG microstate activity in adolescents with MDD and healthy controls (HCs).Methods: A total of 35 adolescents with MDD and 35 HCs were recruited in this study. The depressive symptoms were assessed by Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Children's Depression Inventory (CDI), and the anxiety symptoms were assessed by Chinese version of DSM-5 Level 2-Anxiety-Child scale. A 64-channel EEG was recorded for 5 min (eye closed, resting-state) and analyzed using microstate analysis. Microstate properties were compared between groups and correlated with patients' depression scores.Results: We found increased occurrence and contribution of microstate B in MDD patients compared to HCs, and decreased occurrence and contribution of microstate D in MDD patients compared to HCs. While no significant correlation between depression severity (HAMD score) and the microstate metrics (occurrence and contribution of microstate B and D) differing between MDD adolescents and HCs was found.Conclusions: Adolescents with MDD showed microstate B and microstate D changes. The obtained results may deepen our understanding of dynamic EEG changes among adolescents with MDD and provide some evidence of changes in brain development in adolescents with MDD.

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Efficacy and Safety of Chuanxiong Qingnao Granule in Patients with Migraine: A Randomized, Double-Blind, Placebo-Controlled Trial

Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine ◽

10.1155/2021/6203999 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 2021 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Yi-Fan Li ◽

Hui-Min Hu ◽

Bo-Ning Wang ◽

Yi Zhang ◽

Xing Liu ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Treatment Group ◽

Migraine Attack ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Control Group ◽

Hamilton Depression Scale ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Attack Frequency ◽

Double Blind ◽

Double Blind Placebo

Objective. To evaluate the efficacy and safety of Chuanxiong Qingnao Granule (CQG) to treat migraine. Method. This study was a randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. All migraineurs were recruited and randomly assigned into a treatment group treated with CQG and a control group treated with a placebo. The whole research process included a 4-week baseline, 12-week intervention, and 12-week follow-up. The primary outcome was responder rate, defined as the percentage of migraineurs with 50% or more reduction in the frequency of migraine attack during treatment and posttreatment period compared with the baseline. The secondary outcomes were the number of migraine days, migraine attack frequency, visual analogue scale (VAS), Fatigue Severity Scale (FSS), Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD), and Migraine Disability Assessment (MIDAS). Results. A total of 346 migraineurs completed the research and were included in the intention-treatment analyses. The response rates differed significantly between the treatment group and the control group (71.5% vs. 12.1% at week 12 and 83.1% vs. 3.4% at week 24). Attack frequency, days of headache attack, VAS, FSS, HAMD, and MIDAS decreased at week 12 in both groups with more reduction in the treatment group ( P < 0.001 ). No severe adverse events were observed in this trial. Conclusion. Chuanxiong Qingnao Granule can significantly improve headache symptoms in patients with migraine while improving disability, fatigue, and depression with a good safety profile.

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Efficacy and safety of Xiaoyao pills for mild to moderate depression: study protocol for a randomized controlled trial

Trials ◽

10.1186/s13063-021-05909-y ◽

2022 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Zhe Xue ◽

Zhen Huang ◽

Shu-li Cheng ◽

Xi-hong Wang ◽

Xuan Zhou ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Chinese Medicine ◽

Traditional Chinese Medicine ◽

Adverse Reactions ◽

Controlled Trial ◽

Depression Scale ◽

Secondary Outcome ◽

Controlled Clinical Trial ◽

Hamilton Depression Scale ◽

Efficacy And Safety ◽

Moderate Depression

Abstract Background Depression is one of the most frequent and severe psychiatric conditions. Many chemical drugs to treat depression are associated with adverse reactions and have shortcomings. Traditional Chinese medicine is of great significance in the prevention and treatment of depression. Xiaoyao pills has achieved good results in clinical application, which has the advantages of quick effect and no obvious adverse reactions. The aim of our study is to evaluate the efficacy and safety of Xiaoyao pills on mild to moderate depression patients. Methods This study is a multi-centre, double-blinded, randomized and placebo-controlled clinical trial. A total of 108 participants are assigned to three groups: Xiaoyao pill group taking Xiaoyao pills twice daily for 4 weeks, placebo group taking placebos twice daily for 4 weeks and normal group without taking any drug. The primary and secondary outcome measures are the Hamilton Depression Scale (HAMD) and Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Syndrome Scale. The assessment is at baseline (before treatment initiation), 1 week, 2 weeks 4 weeks after the first treatment. Exploratory outcome is also assessed to explore the mechanism of Xiaoyao pills at baseline and 4 weeks. Discussion The results from this study will provide clinical evidence on the efficacy and safety of Xiaoyao pills in patients with mild to moderate depression with syndrome of liver stagnation and spleen deficiency. Trial registration ClinicalTrials.gov ISRCTN12746343. Registered on September 25, 2020.

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