scholarly journals Duration Mismatch Negativity Predicts Remission in First-Episode Schizophrenia Patients

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suguru Nakajima ◽  
Yuko Higuchi ◽  
Takahiro Tateno ◽  
Daiki Sasabayashi ◽  
Yuko Mizukami ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Brief Assessment ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Symptomatic Remission ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Objective: Remission in schizophrenia patients is associated with neurocognitive, social, and role functioning during both the early and chronic stages of schizophrenia. It is well-established that the amplitudes of duration mismatch negativity (dMMN) and frequency MMN (fMMN) are reduced in schizophrenia patients. However, the potential link between MMN and remission has not been established. In this study, we investigated the relationship between MMNs and remission in first-episode schizophrenia (FES) and their association with neurocognitive and social functioning.Method: dMMN and fMMN were measured in 30 patients with FES and 22 healthy controls at baseline and after a mean of 3 years. Clinical symptoms and cognitive and social functioning in the patients were assessed at the time of MMN measurements by using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), modified Global Assessment of Functioning (mGAF), Schizophrenia Cognition Rating Scale (SCoRS), and the Brief Assessment of Cognition in Schizophrenia (BACS). Remission of the patients was defined using the criteria by the Remission in Schizophrenia Working Group; of the 30 patients with FES, 14 achieved remission and 16 did not.Results: Baseline dMMN amplitude was reduced in FES compared to healthy controls. Further, baseline dMMN in the non-remitters had decreased amplitude and prolonged latency compared to the remitters. MMN did not change during follow-up period regardless of parameters, diagnosis, or remission status. Baseline dMMN amplitude in FES was correlated with future SCoRS and PANSS total scores. Logistic regression analysis revealed that dMMN amplitude at baseline was a significant predictor of remission.Conclusions: Our findings suggest that dMMN amplitude may be a useful biomarker for predicting symptomatic remission and improvement of cognitive and social functions in FES.

scholarly journals Abnormalities of EEG Microstates In Drug-Naïve, First-Episode Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qiaoling Sun ◽  
Linlin Zhao ◽  
Liwen Tan
Keyword(s):  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Early Stage ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Brain Functions ◽  
Class D ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
Microstate Analysis ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

Abstract Objective: Microstate analysis is a powerful tool to probe the brain functions, and changes in microstates under electroencephalography (EEG) have been repeatedly reported in patients with schizophrenia. This study aimed to investigate the dynamics of EEG microstates in drug-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia (FE-SCH) and to test the relationship between EEG microstates and clinical symptoms.Methods: Resting-state EEG were recorded for 23 patients with FE-SCH and 23 healthy controls using a 64-channel cap. Three parameters, i.e., contribution, duration, and occurrence, of the four microstate classes were calculated. Group differences in EEG microstates and their clinical symptoms (assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale) were analyzed.Results: Compared with healthy controls, patients with FE-SCH showed increased duration, occurrence and contribution of microstate class C and decreased contribution and occurrence of microstate class D. In addition, the score of positive symptoms in PANSS was negatively correlated with the occurrence of microstate D.Conclusions: Our findings showed abnormal patterns of EEG microstates in drug-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia, which might help distinguish individuals with schizophrenia in the early stage and develop early intervention strategies.

scholarly journals Serum Levels of HCY, MIF, and hs-CRP Correlate with Glycolipid Metabolism in Adults with Never-Medicated First-Episode Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-9
Author(s):  
Xiao Zhong ◽  
Qin Ao ◽  
Fei Xing
Keyword(s):  
Waist Circumference ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Glycolipid Metabolism ◽  
Hs Crp ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
Negative Syndrome

Objective. It has been reported that the prevalence of metabolic syndrome (MS) in multiepisode patients with schizophrenia is 35.3%, which is 2- to 4-fold higher than in the general population. The study is designed to compare the glycolipid metabolism in patients with first-episode schizophrenia (FES) with sex- and age-matched healthy controls to investigate changes in serum levels of homocysteine (Hcy), macrophage migration inhibitory factor (MIF), and high-sensitive C-reactive protein (hs-CRP) and their relationships with the glycolipid metabolism in patients with FES. Methods. His case-control study included 88 patients diagnosed with FES and 88 sex- and age-matched healthy controls. Patient psychopathology was assessed using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS), and 17-item Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression (HAMD-17). Patients with FES were classified into MS and non-MS groups. Results. There were significant differences in the education level, body mass index (BMI), and waist circumference between the patients with FES and healthy controls (all p > 0.05 ). The patients with FES had higher levels of FPG and blood glucose at the oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) (2 h glucose) concomitant with higher proportion of impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) and homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA2-IR) than healthy controls (all p < 0.001 ). It was revealed that the patients with FES showed higher serum levels of Hcy, MIF, and hs-CRP than healthy controls (all p < 0.001 ). The serum level of Hcy shared positive correlations with the score of PANSS totals (r = 0.551) and the negative syndrome of the PANSS scale (r = 0.494). The serum levels of MIF and hs-CRP was only positively correlated with the negative syndrome of the PANSS scale (r = 0.320 and r = 0.446). The level of Hcy shared positive correlations with the levels of FPG, 2 h glucose, and HOMA2-IR; the level of MIF was only positively correlated with the level of HOMA2-IR; the level of hs-CRP had a positive correlation with both levels of FPG and 2 h glucose (all p < 0.001 ). The levels of Hcy, MIF, and hs-CRP all shared positive correlations with the TG level and negative correlations with the HDL-C level (all p < 0.001 ). There were remarkable differences between the MS and non-MS groups with regard to BMI, waist circumference, negative subscale of the PANSS scale, FPG, TG, and HDL-C (all p < 0.05 ). Elevated levels of Hcy, MIF, and hs-CRP were detected in the MS group compared to the non-MS group (all p < 0.05 ). Conclusion. These findings suggest that increased concentrations of HCY, MIF, and hs-CRP may contribute to the abnormal glycolipid metabolism in the context of schizophrenia.

scholarly journals Grey matter and social functioning correlates of glutamatergic metabolite loss in schizophrenia

2011 ◽  
Vol 198 (6) ◽  
pp. 448-456 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naoko Aoyama ◽  
Jean Théberge ◽  
Dick J. Drost ◽  
Rahul Manchanda ◽  
Sandra Northcott ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Social Functioning ◽  
Grey Matter ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
Anterior Cingulate ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Resonance Spectroscopy ◽  
Brain Metabolite ◽  
Left Thalamus ◽  
Profile Rating ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

BackgroundThalamic glutamine loss and grey matter reduction suggest neurodegeneration in first-episode schizophrenia, but the duration is unknown.AimsTo observe glutamine and glutamate levels, grey matter volumes and social functioning in patients with schizophrenia followed to 80 months after diagnosis.MethodGrey matter volumes and proton magnetic resonance spectroscopy metabolites in left anterior cingulate and left thalamus were measured in 17 patients with schizophrenia before medication and 10 and 80 months after diagnosis. Social functioning was assessed with the Life Skills Profile Rating Scale (LSPRS) at 80 months.ResultsThe sum of thalamic glutamate and glutamine levels decreased over 80 months, and correlated inversely with the LSPRS. Thalamic glutamine and grey matter loss were significantly correlated in frontal, parietal, temporal and limbic regions.ConclusionsBrain metabolite loss is correlated with deteriorated social functioning and grey matter losses in schizophrenia, consistent with neurodegeneration.

Selective attention and mismatch negativity in antipsychotic-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia patients before and after 6 months of antipsychotic monotherapy

2017 ◽  
Vol 47 (12) ◽  
pp. 2155-2165 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. Oranje ◽  
B. Aggernaes ◽  
H. Rasmussen ◽  
B. H. Ebdrup ◽  
B. Y. Glenthøj
Keyword(s):  
Selective Attention ◽  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Processing Negativity ◽  
Second Generation Antipsychotics ◽  
Before And After ◽  
And Gender ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia

BackgroundAttention deficits have been frequently reported in schizophrenia. It has been suggested that treatment with second-generation antipsychotics can ameliorate these deficits. In this study, the influence of 6 months treatment with quetiapine, a compound with less affinity for dopamine D2 receptors than for serotonergic 5-HT2A receptors, on electrophysiological parameters of attention was investigated in a group of antipsychotic-naïve, first-episode schizophrenia patients compared with a group of age- and gender-matched healthy controls.MethodA total of 34 first-episode, antipsychotic-naïve patients with schizophrenia and an equal number of healthy controls were tested in a selective attention and a typical mismatch negativity (MMN) paradigm at baseline and after 6 months. The patients were treated with quetiapine according to their clinical needs during the period between baseline and follow-up, whereas controls received no treatment.ResultsPatients showed lower MMN and P200 amplitude than healthy controls in the selective attention paradigm at baseline, while this was not the case for MMN of the typical MMN paradigm. Interestingly, after 6 months treatment, this MMN deficit was only ameliorated in patients treated with above median dosages of quetiapine. Patients had lower P3B amplitude, yet showed similar levels of processing negativity and N100 amplitude compared with healthy controls, both at baseline and follow-up.ConclusionsThe results indicate that deficits in MMN, P200 and P3B amplitude are present at early stages of schizophrenia, although depending on the paradigm used. Furthermore, the results indicate that 6 months quetiapine treatment ameliorates MMN but not P3B deficits, and only in those subjects on higher dosages.

scholarly journals Mismatch Negativity in First-Episode Schizophrenia

2016 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 3-10 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah M. Haigh ◽  
Brian A. Coffman ◽  
Dean F. Salisbury
Keyword(s):  
Mismatch Negativity ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Disease Onset ◽  
Predictive Marker ◽  
Chronic Schizophrenia ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Cohen’S D ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
Cohen's D

Mismatch negativity (MMN) to deviant stimuli is robustly smaller in individuals with chronic schizophrenia compared with healthy controls (Cohen’s d > 1.0 or more), leading to the possibility of MMN being used as a biomarker for schizophrenia. However, there is some debate in the literature as to whether MMN is reliably reduced in first-episode schizophrenia patients. For the biomarker to be used as a predictive marker for schizophrenia, it should be reduced in the majority of cases known to have the disease, particularly at disease onset. We conducted a meta-analysis on the fourteen studies that measured MMN to pitch or duration deviants in healthy controls and patients within 12 months of their first episode of schizophrenia. The overall effect size showed no MMN reduction in first-episode patients to pitch-deviants (Cohen’s d < 0.04), and a small-to-medium reduction to duration-deviants (Cohen’s d = 0.47). Together, this indicates that pitch-deviant MMN is not a candidate biomarker for schizophrenia prediction, while duration-deviant MMN may hold some promise, albeit nearly a third as large an effect as in chronic schizophrenia. Potential causes for discrepancies between studies are discussed.

scholarly journals Decision making under ambiguity and risk in adolescent-onset schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Dandan Li ◽  
Fengyan Zhang ◽  
Lu Wang ◽  
Yifan Zhang ◽  
Tingting Yang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Decision Making ◽  
Executive Function ◽  
Iowa Gambling Task ◽  
Clinical Symptoms ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Abnormal Pattern ◽  
Negative Syndrome ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract Objective Numerous studies have identified impaired decision making (DM) under both ambiguity and risk in adult patients with schizophrenia. However, the assessment of DM in patients with adolescent-onset schizophrenia (AOS) has been challenging as a result of the instability and heterogeneity of manifestations. The Iowa Gambling Task (IGT) and Game of Dice Task (GDT), which are frequently used to evaluate DM respectively under ambiguity and risk, are sensitive to adolescents and neuropsychiatric patients. Our research intended to examine the performance of DM in a relatively large sample of patients with AOS using the above-mentioned two tasks. We also aimed to take a closer look at the relationship between DM and symptom severity of schizophrenia. Methods We compared the performance of DM in 71 patients with AOS and 53 well-matched healthy controls using IGT for DM under ambiguity and GDT for DM under risk through net scores, total scores and feedback ration. Neuropsychological tests were conducted in all participants. Clinical symptoms were evaluated by using Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) in 71 patients with AOS. Pearson’s correlation revealed the relationship among total score of DM and clinical and neuropsychological data. Results Compared to healthy controls, patients with AOS failed to show learning effect and had a significant difference on the 5th block in IGT and conducted more disadvantageous choices as well as exhibited worse negative feedback rate in GDT. Apart from DM impairment under risk, diminished DM abilities under ambiguity were found related to poor executive function in AOS in the present study. Conclusions Our findings unveiled the abnormal pattern of DM in AOS, mainly reflected under the risky condition, extending the knowledge on the performance of DM under ambiguity and risk in AOS. Inefficient DM under risk may account for the lagging impulse control and the combined effects of developmental disease. In addition, our study demonstrated that the performance on IGT was related to executive function in AOS.

Neuroimaging-based brain-age prediction of first-episode schizophrenia and the alteration of brain age after early medication

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-8
Author(s):  
Yi-Bin Xi ◽  
Xu-Sha Wu ◽  
Long-Biao Cui ◽  
Li-Jun Bai ◽  
Shuo-Qiu Gan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Diffusion Tensor ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Age Difference ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Data Set ◽  
Brain Ageing ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
Brain Age ◽  
The Brain ◽  
Age Prediction

Background Neuroimaging- and machine-learning-based brain-age prediction of schizophrenia is well established. However, the diagnostic significance and the effect of early medication on first-episode schizophrenia remains unclear. Aims To explore whether predicted brain age can be used as a biomarker for schizophrenia diagnosis, and the relationship between clinical characteristics and brain-predicted age difference (PAD), and the effects of early medication on predicted brain age. Method The predicted model was built on 523 diffusion tensor imaging magnetic resonance imaging scans from healthy controls. First, the brain-PAD of 60 patients with first-episode schizophrenia, 60 healthy controls and 21 follow-up patients from the principal data-set and 40 pairs of individuals in the replication data-set were calculated. Next, the brain-PAD between groups were compared and the correlations between brain-PAD and clinical measurements were analysed. Results The patients showed a significant increase in brain-PAD compared with healthy controls. After early medication, the brain-PAD of patients decreased significantly compared with baseline (P < 0.001). The fractional anisotropy value of 31/33 white matter tract features, which related to the brain-PAD scores, had significantly statistical differences before and after measurements (P < 0.05, false discovery rate corrected). Correlation analysis showed that the age gap was negatively associated with the positive score on the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale in the principal data-set (r = −0.326, P = 0.014). Conclusions The brain age of patients with first-episode schizophrenia may be older than their chronological age. Early medication holds promise for improving the patient's brain ageing. Neuroimaging-based brain-age prediction can provide novel insights into the understanding of schizophrenia.

scholarly journals The Role of Butyric Acid in Treatment Response in Drug-Naïve First Episode Schizophrenia

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xue Li ◽  
Xiaoduo Fan ◽  
Xiuxia Yuan ◽  
Lijuan Pang ◽  
Shaohua Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Response ◽  
Butyric Acid ◽  
Serum Levels ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Healthy Controls ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Drug Naïve ◽  
First Episode Schizophrenia ◽  
Risperidone Treatment

Background: Butyric acid, a major short-chain fatty acid (SCFA), has an important role in the microbiota–gut–brain axis and brain function. This study investigated the role of butyric acid in treatment response in drug-naïve first episode schizophrenia.Methods: The study recruited 56 Chinese Han schizophrenia inpatients with normal body weight and 35 healthy controls. Serum levels of butyric acid were measured using Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometer (GC-MS) analysis at baseline (for all participants) and 24 weeks after risperidone treatment (for patients). Clinical symptoms were measured using the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS) for patients at both time points.Results: At baseline, there was no significant difference in serum levels of butyric acid between patients and healthy controls (p = 0.206). However, there was a significant increase in serum levels of butyric acid in schizophrenia patients after 24-week risperidone treatment (p = 0.030). The PANSS total and subscale scores were decreased significantly after 24-week risperidone treatment (p's &lt; 0.001). There were positive associations between baseline serum levels of butyric acid and the reduction ratio of the PANSS total and subscale scores after controlling for age, sex, education, and duration of illness (p's &lt; 0.05). Further, there was a positive association between the increase in serum levels of butyric acid and the reduction of the PANSS positive symptoms subscale scores (r = 0.38, p = 0.019) after controlling for potential confounding factors.Conclusions: Increased serum levels of butyric acid might be associated with a favorable treatment response in drug-naïve, first episode schizophrenia. The clinical implications of our findings were discussed.

scholarly journals Duration of untreated psychosis of first-episode psychotic disorders in Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2019 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 61-64
Author(s):  
Carla R. Marchira ◽  
Irwan Supriyanto
Keyword(s):  
Psychotic Disorders ◽  
Rating Scale ◽  
First Episode ◽  
Medical Facility ◽  
Duration Of Untreated Psychosis ◽  
Global Assessment Of Functioning ◽  
Global Functioning ◽  
Syndrome Scale ◽  
Negative Syndrome ◽  
Gaf Scores

Introduction: Duration of untreated psychosis (DUP) is an important predictor for prognosis in first episode of psychotic disorders. Caregivers often seek help from alternative healers first and health professional later. These would delay proper treatments for the patients, resulting in more severe symptoms and lower functioning on their visit to medical facility. The present study aims to find the association between DUP, symptoms severity, and global functioning in patients with first-episode psychotic disorders. Methods: We identified 100 patients with first episode of psychotic disorders and their caregivers. The instruments used were Brief Psychotic Rating Scale (BPRS), Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS), Premorbid Schizoid-Schizotypal Traits (PSST), and Global Assessment of Functioning (GAF). Results: There were no significant association between BPRS, PANSS, PSST, and GAF scores and DUP in our subjects. Nevertheless, we found that men had significantly longer DUP compared to women. Conclusion: We found significant association between sex and DUP in this study. Longer DUP leads to delayed treatments and poorer prognosis. Further study is required to confirm our finding.

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