scholarly journals Reduction of Management Costs and Avoidance of Air Release of Carcinogens Through a Waste Segregation Program in a Brazilian Medical Institution

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fabiane Kellem Oliveira Cesario ◽  
Renata Pereira Fontoura ◽  
Amarildo Henrique da Conceição Junior ◽  
Amanda Gentil Cruz ◽  
Nidah Fawzi Said Nimer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Hospital Waste ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Carcinogenic Agents ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Dioxin Exposure ◽  
The Impact

Hospital waste management is a current sustainability challenge. Although not always performed, the most applied approach in current protocols is the proper segregation of waste. The incineration of hospital waste is an significant source of emission of specific toxic particles and gases. We highlighted dioxins, whose representatives have been considered carcinogenic agents since 1994. Several experimental and epidemiologic studies have shown greater cancer morbidity and mortality associated with dioxin exposure. In the present study, we presented the impact of a hospital waste management program implemented in an oncology institution based on proper segregation and consequent reduction of incinerated mass. Data were collected for 8 years and the waste was separated into five categories: infectious (A4), chemical (B), recyclable (DR), non-recyclable (DNR), and sharps (E). The classes addressed to incineration were A4, B, and E. A team education starting from the admission process and with a continued education program was essential for a successfully implemented program. We achieved a 66% saving of waste from incineration, equivalent to 76 tons, of which 71.9 tons corresponded to recyclable waste. If the waste separation protocol was not implemented, the biohazardous and chemical material would contaminate the rest of the residues, making incineration as a final destination mandatory for all the waste. This scenario would result in significantly more dioxins release and a 64% higher cost of waste management. This low-cost implementation measure was effective in the cost reduction of waste management and minimization of air release of human carcinogens.

scholarly journals Organization of Business Activities Taking into Account Environmental and Economic Aspects

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-85
Author(s):  
Oleksandr V. Kubatko ◽  
Oleksandra V. Kubatko ◽  
Tetyana I. Sachnenko ◽  
Odevole O. Oluwaseun
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Raw Materials ◽  
Waste Recycling ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Production Costs ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
Household Waste ◽  
The Impact

One of the most urgent environmental problems today is the pollution of the environment by emissions of harmful substances and industrial waste. The negative impact on the environment and people is becoming more widespread, and its disposal methods inhibit the development of the economic system. In a market economy, entrepreneurs are not interested in increasing environmental costs, which naturally lead to higher production costs and reduce profits. The impact on the environment is becoming more widespread every year and has led to an ecological crisis in some parts of the world. Waste recycling has been constantly discussed since a person “produces” more than 250 kg of household waste per year. At the enterprise, these figures reach 10 000 kg. In recent years, Ukraine has imported about 30-50 thousand tons of PET granulate, which is gradually accumulating in landfills in the form of packaging, bottles, films. Such hazardous pollutants affect the environment through soil and water. In contrast, Ukraine does not yet have successful experience in waste management. In our opinion, such behavior is the ignorance of the population about waste disposal and replacement of a particular product with a more environmentally friendly one. The functioning of enterprises and farms does not always have the equipment to dispose of waste, and there is no room for the disposal of unnecessary products and raw materials. However, the problem of lack of innovative equipment arises due to a lack of adequate funding. Therefore, the lack of possibilities for a comprehensive solution to the situation creates a barrier, which does not allow to take proper measures to eliminate and reduce the amount of garbage. Despite many regulations and legal frameworks for regulating waste management, there is no cost-effective policy, and there is no regional waste management program and plan for their proper disposal. It can be concluded that the recycling and disposal of waste will reduce the need for waste incineration, create conditions for improving the economic component of the region and the country as a whole with an account of environmental quality standards. The paper pays attention to the essence of waste disposal; identified ways to recycle garbage.

scholarly journals A comprehensive review of the healthy worker effect in occupational epidemiological studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (9) ◽  
pp. 3394
Author(s):  
Fahad Saad Algarni
Keyword(s):  
Reference Group ◽  
Epidemiological Studies ◽  
Epidemiologic Studies ◽  
Mortality And Morbidity ◽  
Healthy Worker Effect ◽  
Confounding Bias ◽  
Comparison Groups ◽  
Consequent Reduction ◽  
Reduction Of Mortality ◽  
The Impact

The reduction of mortality and morbidity rates among occupational cohort studies may be attributed to the presence of the healthy worker effect (HWE). Occupational epidemiologic studies investigating worker’s health are prone to the risk of having the HWE phenomenon and this special form of bias has been debated over the years. Hence, it’s imperative to explore in-depth the magnitude and sources of HWE, and further, elucidate the factors that may affect HWE and strategies reducing HWE. The HWE should be considered as a mixed bias between selection and confounding bias. The validity threats due to the HWE among morbidity studies are the same as the mortality studies. The consequent reduction due to the HWE in the association between the exposure and outcome may lead to underestimating some harmful exposures in the workplace or occupational settings. Healthy hire effect and healthy worker survivor effect are the main sources of HWE. Several factors can increase or decrease the probability of HWE; therefore, the investigators should consider them among future occupational epidemiological studies. Many strategies can help in reducing the impact of HWE, but each strategy has its weaknesses and strengths. Not all strategies can be applied among all occupational epidemiological studies. Mathematical procedures still need further investigations to be validated. HWE is a consequence of inappropriate comparison groups in nature. The usage of the general population as a reference group is not an appropriate choice. By considering the HWE sources and factors and using appropriate strategies, the impact of HWE may be reduced.

scholarly journals Dampak Masuknya Low-cost Carrier Terhadap Pergerakan Penumpang Internasional pada Bandar Udara Internasional di Asia

WARTA ARDHIA ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 57
Author(s):  
Putut Purwandono ◽  
Yuichiro Yoshida ◽  
Keisuke Kawata
Keyword(s):  
Southeast Asia ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Fixed Effect ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Increase Rate ◽  
Low Cost Carrier ◽  
Effect Estimation ◽  
The Impact

Tujuan utama penelitian ini adalah mempelajari dampak dari masuknya maskapai berbiaya murah (LCC) terhadap perubahan pergerakan penumpang internasional di 30 bandar udara internasional di wilayah Asia Timur dan Asia Tenggara. Hasil estimasi menggunakan model fixed-effect yang kami peroleh menunjukkan bukti kuat bahwa masuknya LCC menyebabkan naiknya jumlah penumpang internasional secara signifikan. Namun demikian, dampak ini akan menurun ketika jarak antara bandar udara asal dan tujuan semakin jauh dan maskapai non-LCC melayani rute yang sama. Penambahan jumlah LCC yang terus menerus akan memberikan tingkat kenaikan yang semakin menurun. Hasil studi kami mampu menyimpulkan dampak dari masuknya LCC pada rute internasional dan dapat menjelaskan pada kondisi apa masuknya LCC mampu menghasilkan dampak positif yang signifikan. [Impact of Low-cost Carrier Entry on International Air Passenger Movements at International Airports in Asia] This paper primarily studies the impact of low-cost carrier (LCC) entry on the change of international passenger movement at 30 international airports in Northeast and Southeast Asia. Our fixed-effect estimation found enough evidence to claim that LCC entry at international route causes number of passenger to increase significantly. Nevertheless, the positive impact of LCC entry diminishes as distance between origin and final destination airport gets longer and full service carrier (FSC) service exists. Moreover, additional LCC companies brings about lower increase rate in number of international passengers. Our findings justify the positive impact of having LCC entry for international route and explain the condition under which LCC entry gives positive and significant result.

scholarly journals HOSPITAL WASTE MANAGEMENT

2016 ◽  
Vol 23 (07) ◽  
pp. 802-806
Author(s):  
Murad Qadir ◽  
Rafat Murad ◽  
Naveed Faraz
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Waste Disposal ◽  
Tertiary Care ◽  
Sampling Technique ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Hospital Waste ◽  
Quota Sampling ◽  
Management Staff ◽  
Tertiary Care Hospitals

Objectives: To evaluate the knowledge and practices of hospital administrationregarding hospital waste management at Tertiary Care Hospitals of Karachi. Study Design:Cross sectional study. Period: June 2014 to December 2014. Methods: Study was conductedin fifteen tertiary care hospitals. Five government, eight private and two trust hospitals wereselected by quota sampling technique. Information was collected from selected hospitalwaste management staff, using a pretested questionnaire regarding knowledge and practicesof hospital waste disposal. Results: Data shows that only 33.3% had knowledge regardinginfectious and noninfectious waste disposal and 27% of the understudy hospitals wereseparate infectious and noninfectious waste. Only 20% of the total hospitals were using propermethod for the separation of the sharps.93.3% hospital waste management staff was notvaccinated against hepatitis ‘B’ and tetanus. Only 53.3% hospitals have their own incineratorfacilities. Conclusions: This study showed that the practices employed by the hospital wastemanagement staff were not safe. There is a need to implement the recommended SOP’s ofhospital waste management program.

scholarly journals DLSU-D Green Innovations on Waste Management: Adoption of Greener Lifestyles in New Normal

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph J. Dinglasan ◽  
Jocelyn P. Luyon ◽  
Deodoro E. Abiog II
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Service Providers ◽  
Solid Waste Management ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Ecological Crisis ◽  
New Normal ◽  
Experience Of God ◽  
Governmental Organizations ◽  
Non Governmental Organizations

De La Salle University-Dasmariῆas (DLSU-D) is one with the call to collective action in responding to global ecological crisis as it adapts to the new normal of creating a safe, sustainable, and healthy university where the experience of God is lived and shared. As the world is currently battling new challenges affecting the environment in the face of COVID-19 crisis, DLSU-D reiterates its stand to lead in sustainable practices that foster caring for our common environmental home. Under the Black Out! Green In! flagship program, which is the University’s green response to combat climate change, its Ecological Solid Waste Management Program (ESWMP) ventures into simple, low-cost, and low technology initiatives. Internal collaboration among faculty, students, and service providers as well as external partnerships with non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and local government units (LGUs) having similar environmental advocacies and lifestyle changing significantly contribute to the innovations and sustainability of the campus waste management program

Computer simulation study about the dependence of amorphous silicon photonic waveguides efficiency on the material quality

2020 ◽  
Vol 90 (3) ◽  
pp. 30502
Author(s):  
Alessandro Fantoni ◽  
João Costa ◽  
Paulo Lourenço ◽  
Manuela Vieira
Keyword(s):  
Amorphous Silicon ◽  
High Throughput Screening ◽  
Simulation Analysis ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Deposition Process ◽  
Large Area ◽  
Sidewall Roughness ◽  
Sensing Applications ◽  
Fabrication Defects ◽  
The Impact

Amorphous silicon PECVD photonic integrated devices are promising candidates for low cost sensing applications. This manuscript reports a simulation analysis about the impact on the overall efficiency caused by the lithography imperfections in the deposition process. The tolerance to the fabrication defects of a photonic sensor based on surface plasmonic resonance is analysed. The simulations are performed with FDTD and BPM algorithms. The device is a plasmonic interferometer composed by an a-Si:H waveguide covered by a thin gold layer. The sensing analysis is performed by equally splitting the input light into two arms, allowing the sensor to be calibrated by its reference arm. Two different 1 × 2 power splitter configurations are presented: a directional coupler and a multimode interference splitter. The waveguide sidewall roughness is considered as the major negative effect caused by deposition imperfections. The simulation results show that plasmonic effects can be excited in the interferometric waveguide structure, allowing a sensing device with enough sensitivity to support the functioning of a bio sensor for high throughput screening. In addition, the good tolerance to the waveguide wall roughness, points out the PECVD deposition technique as reliable method for the overall sensor system to be produced in a low-cost system. The large area deposition of photonics structures, allowed by the PECVD method, can be explored to design a multiplexed system for analysis of multiple biomarkers to further increase the tolerance to fabrication defects.

DAMPAK PENGELOLAAN SAMPAH PADA KESEHATAN MASYARAKAT DI TPA

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Emilda Emilda
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Hand Hygiene ◽  
Waste Management ◽  
Qualitative Data ◽  
Water Storage ◽  
Health Impact ◽  
Clean Water ◽  
The People ◽  
Clean Environment ◽  
The Impact

The limitations of waste management in the Cipayung Landfill (TPA) causing a buildup of garbage up to more than 30 meters. This condition has a health impact on people in Cipayung Village. This study aims to analyze the impact of waste management at Cipayung Landfill on public health in Cipayung Village, Depok City. The research is descriptive qualitative. Data obtained by purposive sampling. Data was collected by interviews, observation and documentation. Based on interviews with 30 respondents, it was found that the most common diseases were diarrhea, then other types of stomach ailments, subsequent itching on the skin and coughing. This is presumably because the environmental conditions in the form of unhealthy air and water and clean and healthy living behaviors (PHBS) have not become the habit of the people. The results indicated that there were no respondents who had implemented all of these criteria. In general respondents have implemented  3 criteria, namely maintaining hair hygiene, maintaining skin cleanliness, and maintaining hand hygiene. While maintaining clean water storage is the most often overlooked behavior. To minimize this health impact, improvements in waste management in Cipayung landfill are needed along with continuous socialization and education to develop PHBS habits and the importance of maintaining a clean environment.

Advancing dairy farming profitability through research

2001 ◽  
pp. 17-22
Author(s):  
J.R. Caradus ◽  
D.A. Clark
Keyword(s):  
Research And Development ◽  
Dairy Cow ◽  
Low Cost ◽  
Pasture Management ◽  
Nitrogen Fertiliser ◽  
Grass Endophyte ◽  
Forage Species ◽  
Development Outcomes ◽  
Dairy Cow Nutrition ◽  
The Impact

The New Zealand dairy industry recognises that to remain competitive it must continue to invest in research and development. Outcomes from research have ensured year-round provision of low-cost feed from pasture while improving productivity. Some of these advances, discussed in this paper, include the use of white clover in pasture, understanding the impacts of grass endophyte, improved dairy cow nutrition, the use of alternative forage species and nitrogen fertiliser to improve productivity, demonstration of the impact of days-in-milk on profitability, and the use of feed budgeting and appropriate pasture management. Keywords: dairy, profitability, research and development

Awareness and Compliance on Waste Segregation: Implication to a Waste Management Program in a University

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 67-76
Author(s):  
Bretel B. Dolipas ◽  
Jennifer Lyn S. Ramos ◽  
Monica S. Alimondo ◽  
Phil S. Ocampo ◽  
Danni Loven A. Fulwani
Keyword(s):  
Waste Management ◽  
Management Program ◽  
Waste Segregation
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