scholarly journals Requestioning the Indonesia Government's Public Policy Response to the COVID-19 Pandemic: Black Box Analysis for the Period of January–July 2020

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dumilah Ayuningtyas ◽  
Hayyan Ul Haq ◽  
Raden Roro Mega Utami ◽  
Sevina Susilia
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Black Box ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Policy System ◽  
Spark Counter ◽  
Strategic Policy ◽  
Single Data

Objectives: Indonesia responded the COVID-19 pandemic slowly these last months. The recent reports shown that the rate performance of Indonesian government in handling COVID-19 posits at the 4th worst all over the world. Meanwhile, through responsive, strict, and strategic policy, some Asia countries pushed the elimination case by doing lockdown. This paper questioned how government respond this pandemic, tried to track down the unresponsive and slow decisions, and analyze them comprehensively trough policy system framework. Moreover, we also considered a few feasible and strategic recommendations to accelerate the pandemic responding.Methods: To visualize the anatomy of problems in handling these pandemic responses, this work applied Easton's black box analysis in formulating and introducing public policy. The black box analysis would help us to portray and understood the interests, rationalities, and priorities behind introducing public policies which was implemented to handle this health problem. Besides, the policy triangle framework was used to analyze how environment influenced key actor in making decision.Results: This analysis study discovered the conflict interests in formulating and implementing public policy in handling COVID-19. The public policies are negotiated, discussed, and formulated under black box that ignore transparency, and other good governance principles. Consequently, the substance of public policy represents a certain interest of policy makers, that may conflict with the others and often contradict to the constitutional-based public interests, that is public health. It was impacted the emergence of messy and uncoordinated institutions that implement the conflicted policies. Undeniably, this situation may spark counter-productive ways, attitudes, and actions of people in responding those ambiguous policies. Therefore, this work recommended revising the coherences norms and public policies; reforming the ministry of health in public health's paradigm context; and improving the integration and coordination of cross related institutions, creating a single data on public health, and changing a new paradigm of people, including improving collective awareness in responding and handling COVID-19 appropriately.

Healthy Public Policy in Canada: A Survey of Ontario Health Professionals

1989 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 321-342 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ronald Labonte
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Health Promotion ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Child Poverty ◽  
World Health ◽  
Single Issue ◽  
Healthy Public Policy ◽  
Public Health Workers

“Healthy public policy” has become a catchphrase of the “new” health promotion. The concept, however, remains vague and lacking in practice. A survey of Ontario public health workers was conducted in June 1988, using the World Health Organization's Second Health Promotion Conference Declaration on Healthy Public Policy as a source of policy statements and action areas. Results are constrained by a low response rate (22.5%, N = 180), but indicate a high degree of support for healthy public policy concepts by senior level public health workers. Social environment policy issues (notably child poverty and unaffordable housing) are highest ranked priority issues, although physical environment (pollution) ranked most important when respondents were asked to choose a single issue. Lifestyle health issues are relatively low-ranked, although they remain priorities for action by respondents and their employers. The Canadian and Ontario Public Health Associations are thought to have the best analyses of healthy public policies, but are not seen as prominent policy actors. Government and media are considered weakest in their analysis of healthy public policy. Respondents' comments indicate a willingness to strengthen their role, and that of their health associations, in advocacy for healthy public policies.

scholarly journals The Theory of Syarî‘ah Oriented Public Policy

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Saim Kayadibi
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
International Relations ◽  
Good Governance ◽  
Human Life ◽  
Public Policies

Siyasah syar’iyyah theory oriented in public policies that reflect sharia Islamic government policy.Islam, which covers all aspects of human life, from worship to mu'amalat, from siyasah (good governance) to 'alaqât al-dawliyyah (international relations), has a particular system of government and policy.  Therefore, this article analyses the theory, starting from the definition, background, types, and its purpose.DOI: 10.15408/ajis.v15i2.2861

scholarly journals Crafting Resistance through Narratives in Afghanistan

2018 ◽  
Vol III (I) ◽  
pp. 17-31
Author(s):  
Tahir Ul Mulk Kahlon ◽  
Ghulam Qumber ◽  
Rafaqat Islam
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Belief System ◽  
Policy Framework ◽  
Policy System ◽  
Community Influence ◽  
The Public ◽  
Narrative Policy Framework ◽  
Resistance Forces

Narrative offers an evocative opportunity to understand the power of knowledge manipulation within the public policy system. Despite the influence of narratives in designing, formulating, and implementing of public policies, it is a relatively nascent concept in public policy studies.The war in Afghanistan truly represents a battle of narratives. This paper takes a Narrative Policy Framework (NPF) approach to explore the narratives used by resistance forces in Afghanistan within the belief system of a religion. It acknowledges that narratives matter and that by studying the same, one can construe their influence on policies. The paper finds that resistance groups such as the Taliban, mobilize support and operate in battlefields across Afghanistan; simultaneously bolstering their legitimacy and community influence garnering support from within and outside Afghanistan.

Introduction

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-16
Author(s):  
James F. Childress
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Public Discourse ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Public Culture ◽  
Health It ◽  
Professional Discourse ◽  
Task Forces ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Bioethical Issues

The introduction characterizes “doing public bioethics” as analyzing and assessing actual and proposed public policies regarding biomedicine, healthcare, and public health. It may include attention to public discourse and public culture, and to professional discourse and practice, as ways to influence public policy or as an end in and of itself. “Public bioethics” also refers to commissions, councils, task forces, and the like, that are governmentally established, sponsored, or funded for the purpose of deliberating collectively about bioethical issues, again with a primary goal of recommending public policies. In addition to examining different types of public bioethics bodies, the introduction provides an overview of the volume and its chapters along with an indication of their context and origins, including the author’s experiences on public bioethics bodies.

Healthy Public Policy

Public Health ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick Harris ◽  
Marilyn Wise
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Public Health Practice ◽  
Health Sector ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Good Health ◽  
Healthy Public Policy ◽  
The Social

Healthy public policy (HPP) became an important idea in the 1980s. The concept can be traced primarily to Nancy Milio, who produced a now hard-to-find book, Promoting Health through Public Policy (Philadelphia: Davis, 1981), and was subsequently cemented in the WHO’s Ottawa Charter for Health Promotion as a strategy to use in promoting, protecting, and maintaining the health of populations. HPP is not, however, a modern phenomenon. Historically HPP was embedded in the 16th-century Poor Laws and passed through to 19th- and early-20th-century public health activity and legislation. Across this history is the recognition that improving public health requires addressing the social and economic (and environmental) conditions created by public policy. It follows, as explained by many, that public health practice is inherently political. This bibliography introduces the large literature that falls under the broad pantheon of HPP. Definitions, as this bibliography will show, do matter. Central is the often underrealized truth that “healthy public policy” fundamentally concerns how public policy influences the health of populations. This, in turn, necessitates that HPP practice is interdisciplinary. For knowledge, this means much of the theory and evidence underpinning HPP is to be found in other disciplines that have public policy at their core, political science being the most obvious (public administration another). It is through HPP that societies in general and public health researchers and practitioners in particular seek to create social and economic and environmental conditions for whole populations. Attention thus moves “upstream” to policies and institutions rather than “downstream” to behaviors or health services. Not all healthy public policy is generated with the intention to influence population health directly. Nor are all public policies that impact on the health of populations generated by the health sector, although many are. A core goal of HPP is reducing inequities in health. These inequities are what the 2008 WHO Commission on the Social Determinants of Health named as a “toxic mix of poor social policies, unfair economic arrangements and bad politics.” Just as policy actors are responsible for policies that have created inequalities, so too are they responsible for developing and implementing policies in that overcome the unfair and unjust distribution of the resources necessary for good health and well-being. Public policies are formed through “contests for power” between the various actors involved in policy-making in part because they are value-laden. The choices actors make are influenced by powerful structures and ideas that are not always explicit. HPP, therefore, can never be “atheoretical” just as it cannot be divorced from a normative position (what is believed “should” happen) concerned with changing political conditions for the betterment of the health of the population in general and disadvantaged in particular. In recent years there has been some confusion (see Oxford Bibliographies article Health in All Policies) whether HiAP replaces HPP as a concept and method. This article errs on the side of history by suggesting HiAP, with intersectoral action, is one recent strategy to achieve HPP.

scholarly journals The National Collaborating Centre for Healthy Public Policy in times of COVID-19: Building skills to “Build Back Better”

2021 ◽  
Vol 47 (04) ◽  
pp. 232-236
Author(s):  
Olivier Bellefleur ◽  
Marianne Jacques
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Public Policy ◽  
Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Knowledge Synthesis ◽  
Healthy Public Policy ◽  
Future Work

This article, the second in a series on the six National Collaborating Centres for Public Health, focuses on the National Collaborating Centre for Healthy Public Policy (NCCHPP), a centre of expertise, and knowledge synthesis and sharing that supports public health actors in Canada in their efforts to develop and promote healthy public policy. The article briefly describes the NCCHPP’s mandate and programming, noting some of the resources that are particularly relevant in the current coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) context. It then discusses how the NCCHPP’s programming has been adapted to meet the changing needs of public health actors throughout the pandemic. These needs have been strongly tied to decisions aimed at containing the spread of the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) and mitigating its immediate impacts in various societal sectors since the beginning of the crisis. Needs have also gradually emerged related to how public health is expected to help inform the development of public policies that will allow us to “build back better” societies as we recover from the pandemic. The article concludes by discussing the orientation of the NCCHPP’s future work as we emerge from the COVID-19 crisis.

Design as an Agent for Public Policy Innovation

2019 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Federico VAZ ◽  
Sharon PRENDEVILLE
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Process Model ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Policy Innovation ◽  
Design Methods ◽  
Policy Effectiveness ◽  
The Public ◽  
Dependent Activity ◽  
Effectiveness And Efficiency ◽  
Context Dependent

Described as units developing public policies in a design-oriented manner, Policy Labs are tasked to innovate to gain in policy effectiveness and efficiency. However, as public policymaking is a context-dependent activity, the way in which these novel organisations operate significantly differs. This study discusses the emergence of design approaches for policy innovation. The purpose is to map how Policy Labs in Europe introduce design approaches at distinct stages of the policymaking cycle. For this study, 30 organisations in Europe operating at various levels of government were surveyed. Based on the public policymaking process model, it investigates which design methods are Policy Labs deploying to innovate public policies. The study exposed a gap in the awareness of the utilised methods' nature. It also showed that the use of design methods is of less importance than the introduction of design mindsets for public policy innovation, namely ‘user-centredness’, ‘co-creation’, and ‘exploration’.

The Perils of Partnership

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jonathan H. Marks
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Multinational Corporations ◽  
Separation Of Powers ◽  
Public Health Research ◽  
Noncommunicable Diseases ◽  
New Paradigm ◽  
Public Health Agencies ◽  
Ethical Implications ◽  
Health Agencies ◽  
Public Bodies

Collaboration with industry has become the paradigm in public health. Governments commonly develop close relationships with companies that are creating or exacerbating the very problems public health agencies are trying to solve. Nowhere is this more evident than in partnerships with food and soda companies to address obesity and diet-related noncommunicable diseases. The author argues that public-private partnerships and multistakeholder initiatives create webs of influence that undermine the integrity of public health agencies; distort public health research and policy; and reinforce the framing of public health problems and their solutions in ways that are least threatening to the commercial interests of corporate “partners.” We should expect multinational corporations to develop strategies of influence. But public bodies need to develop counter-strategies to insulate themselves from corporate influence in all its forms. The author reviews the ways in which we regulate public-public interactions (separation of powers) and private-private interactions (antitrust and competition laws), and argues for an analogous set of norms to govern public-private interactions. The book also offers a novel framework that is designed to help public bodies identify the systemic ethical implications of their existing or proposed relationships with industry actors. The book makes a compelling case that, in public health, the paradigm public-private interaction should be at arm’s length: separation, not collaboration. The author calls for a new paradigm to protect and promote public health while avoiding the ethical perils of partnership with industry.

scholarly journals Evidence for Designing Public Policies Aimed at Reducing Food Waste and Food Insecurity in Mexico

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (Supplement_2) ◽  
pp. 1727-1727
Author(s):  
Verónica Mundo-Rosas
Keyword(s):  
Public Policy ◽  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Food Waste ◽  
Scientific Evidence ◽  
Public Policies ◽  
Southern Mexico ◽  
Funding Sources ◽  
National Production ◽  
Development Goals ◽  
Food Residues

Abstract Objectives To analyze the magnitude and distribution of food waste and insecurity in Mexico as a first step in designing public policies to counteract these problems. Methods Based on methodology proposed by Subirats et al. (2008), we analyzed the magnitude and distribution of food waste and insecurity in Mexico. Using scientific evidence and official data, we responded to the following guiding questions: What is the problem? What is the magnitude of the problem? Who are the population groups most affected by the problem and where do they reside? To what extent does coverage under current public policies address these problems? Results Problem: By 2050, the Mexican population will have grown by 22.9 million with respect to 2015. The country's capacity to produce the amount of food required in the future will depend largely on what proportion of the population has the necessary financial resources to acquire the food it needs, and whether food is equitably distributed. Magnitude of the problem: Mexico loses and wastes approximately 34% of the national production of items in the basic food basket while 26.4 million Mexicans lack sufficient income to acquire the quantity and quality of food they need. Those affected the most: From an environmental viewpoint, the larger cities in Mexico constitute the principal production centers of food waste, among other residues. This causes air, land and water pollution at the regional level, as well as serious health problems in the population. From an ethical and nutritional perspective, food waste indirectly affects those experiencing food insecurity. Location of the affected population: In 2012, central Mexico was the largest generator of urban solid waste including organic and, specifically, food residues. Conversely, southern Mexico was the region most affected by food insecurity. Public policy coverage: Despite the magnitude of the problem, several Mexican states have no public policy in place to combat food waste or insecurity. Conclusions The evidence provided by our study contributes to decision making in the formulation of public policies aimed at reducing food loss and waste as well as food insecurity. It also serves to monitor progress towards the 2030 Sustainable Development Goals. Funding Sources None.

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