scholarly journals Perceived Stress, Knowledge, and Preventive Behaviors in Indian versus US-based Participants During COVID-19: A Survey Study

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ankita Sinharoy ◽  
Shekhar Pal ◽  
Jishu Das ◽  
Pritish Mondal
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Healthcare Facilities ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The People ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
As Stress

Rationale: India and the USA, the worst affected countries by COVID-19, experienced very different pandemic courses. By 2020, COVID-19 cases had steadily declined in India, whereas the fight continued in the US. The people of India and the USA perhaps perceived threats very differently, influenced by their knowledge, available healthcare facilities, and social security. We conducted an online survey study to compare COVID-related perceptions between Indian participants (IND-P) and US-based participants (US-P).Methods: COVID-related perceptions such as stress, knowledge, and preventive behaviors were measured with specific questionnaires, and normalized scores were computed. T-tests were used to compare the perception scores, while the Kruskal-Wallis-H (KWH) tests were used to compare socioeconomic distributions between participants from two countries. Generalized linear model (GLM) adjusted for sociodemographic confounders estimated the association between the country of residence and COVID-perception.Results: The IND-P (N = 242) were younger and male-dominated compared with the US-P (N = 531) (age: KWH = 97.37, p < 0.0001, gender: KWH = 140.38, p < 0.0001). Positive attitudes toward preventive guidelines were associated with higher perceived risk and stress (r = 0.35, p < 0.001, and r = 0.21, p < 0.001, respectively) but not with the knowledge (r = −0.05, p = 0.14). Compared with the US-P, the IND-P had lower knowledge (5.19 ± 1.95 vs. 7.82 ± 1.35; t-test: p < 0.0001), higher stress (7.01 ± 1.51 vs. 6.07 ± 1.61; t-test: p < 0.0001), and better adherence to preventive guidelines (8.84 ± 1.30 vs. 8.34 ± 2.09; t-test: p = 0.0006). GLM demonstrated a significant association between the country and COVID-perception scores.Conclusion: The IND-P experienced higher stress and perceived threat during COVID-19 than the US-P, perhaps due to a lack of faith in the healthcare system and insecurity. Despite lower knowledge, the IND-P had better acceptance of preventive guidelines than the US-P.

scholarly journals Strategies to reduce risk perception among grocery shoppers in the US: A survey study

PLoS ONE ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. e0251060
Author(s):  
Jie Li ◽  
Leslie J. Verteramo Chiu ◽  
Miguel I. Gómez ◽  
Nelson L. Bills
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
New York State ◽  
Grocery Store ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Grocery Stores ◽  
Grocery Shopping ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
The Us

During the COVID-19 lockdown in the US, many businesses were shut down temporarily. Essential businesses, most prominently grocery stores, remained open to ensure access to food and household essentials. Grocery shopping presents increased potential for COVID-19 infection because customers and store employees are in proximity to each other. This study investigated shoppers’ perceptions of COVID-19 infection risks and put them in context by comparing grocery shopping to other activities outside home, and examined whether a proactive preventive action by grocery stores influence shoppers’ perceived risk of COVID-19 infection. Our data were obtained via an anonymous online survey distributed between April 2 and 10, 2020 to grocery shoppers in New York State (the most affected by the pandemic at the time of the study) and Washington State (the first affected by the pandemic). We found significant factors associated with high levels of risk perception on grocery shoppers. We identified some effective preventive actions that grocery stores implement to alleviate anxiety and risk perception. We found that people are generally more concerned about in-store grocery shopping relative to other out-of-home activities. Findings suggest that a strict policy requiring grocery store employees to use facemasks and gloves greatly reduced shoppers’ perceived risk rating of infection of themselves by 37.5% and store employees by 51.2%. Preventive actions by customers and businesses are critical to reducing the unwitting transmission of COVID-19 as state governments prepare to reopen the economy and relax restrictions on activities outside home.

Variation in career and workplace attitudes by generation, gender, and culture differences in career perceptions in the United States and China

2015 ◽  
Vol 37 (1) ◽  
pp. 66-82 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiang Yi ◽  
Barbara Ribbens ◽  
Linna Fu ◽  
Weibo Cheng
Keyword(s):  
Generational Differences ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Work Values ◽  
The United States ◽  
Snowball Sampling ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Chinese Sample ◽  
Content Type ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa

Purpose – The purpose of this paper is to compare and understand how age, gender and culture affect individual career and work-related attitudes in Chinese and American samples. Design/methodology/approach – Online and printed questionnaires were administered to employees and managers in China, whereas in the USA, faculty, staff and students at a Midwestern university responded to an online survey. Snowball sampling technique was used to collect data. Independent sample t-tests were conducted to test the hypothesis. Findings – The study showed different work values and attitudes in the workplace between Chinese and the US samples, and indicated the specifics influences that national culture has on them. Culture affects generational changes; generational differences in the US sample are bigger than in Chinese sample; work values differ across generations and cultures; traditional gender role differences persist more strongly across generations in Chinese sample than in the US sample. Research limitations/implications – Generalizability issues; cross-sectional data. Practical implications – US-based multi-national corporations need to understand these differences and better manage their diverse employees operating in China. Originality/value – This study compared generation, culture and gender differences simultaneously; parallel groups at similar life stages were used by basing the boundaries of each generation on the distinct cultural events of each nation. This approach is more consistent with generation definitions than by using influential specific events of each country, respectively. Useful to managers, it will provide guidance for understanding work values and attitudes across gender and generations in the USA and China. Most benefit will occur for US based multinational companies that have Chinese operations, and manage employees with cultural, gender and generational differences.

Improvement of carcinoid syndrome (CS) symptoms and quality of life (QoL) in CS patients treated with somatostatin analogs (SSAs): Results from longitudinal patient surveys.

2018 ◽  
Vol 36 (4_suppl) ◽  
pp. 400-400
Author(s):  
Daniel M. Halperin ◽  
Lynn Huynh ◽  
Jennifer L Beaumont ◽  
Beilei Cai ◽  
Rachel Bhak ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Online Survey ◽  
Minimal Important Difference ◽  
Somatostatin Analogs ◽  
Early Years ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Longitudinal Impact ◽  
Limited Information ◽  
The Us ◽  
T1 And T2 ◽  
Time Point

400 Background: Limited information is available on the longitudinal impact of CS symptoms and QoL in CS patients (pts) who received SSAs in real-world setting. This study aimed to examine change in CS symptoms and QoL in CS pts treated with SSAs using the validated FACT-G instrument. Methods: Pts with CS symptoms in the US were recruited through an advocacy group to complete a two-part, anonymous online survey. Time point 1 (T1) survey was fielded from July-October 2016 and time point 2 (T2) was administered 6 months later. Eligible pts were ≥ 18 years old with CS symptoms and treated with SSA or non-SSA. Analyses were performed to assess change in FACT-G QoL scores between T1 and T2. Severity ratings of CS symptoms in the past month were classified as mild, moderate, severe, or not applicable. Duration of SSA treatment was categorized as ≤ 2, > 2-5, and > 5 years. Results: Among 89 pts who completed T1 and T2 surveys, 98% were treated with SSA (T1 or T2; median duration of 5 years). Higher proportion of pts in T2 did not report diarrhea (16% vs. 7%, p < 0.05) or flushing (28% vs. 18%, p < 0.05) vs. T1. Among pts treated with SSAs for ≤ 2, > 2-5 and > 5 years, mean change in FACT-G total score was +3.7, 0.0, and -1.2, respectively. Pts treated with SSAs for ≤ 2 years showed a clinically relevant improvement in QoL on FACT-G by exceeding the minimal important difference (MID) of > 3.0. Additionally, in a subgroup of pts who experienced improvement in flushing (N=17) and diarrhea (N=31), a mean change of +3.0 in FACT-G total score was observed for flushing, indicating better QoL, whereas a nominal mean change was reported for diarrhea. Pts whose flushing and diarrhea symptoms worsened had a mean change of -2.2 and -1.2 in FACT-G total score, respectively, showing worsened QoL. Conclusions: This longitudinal survey study showed that improvement in flushing resulted in positive benefit in QoL, while worsening of flushing/diarrhea resulted in decline in QOL. Improvement in CS symptoms and QoL was most pronounced in the early years after SSA treatment initiation. Less impact on change in QoL may be observed in later years possibly due to disease progression and late-effects of cancer treatment.

scholarly journals Housing and health inequities during COVID-19: findings from the national Household Pulse Survey

2021 ◽  
pp. jech-2021-216764
Author(s):  
Gregory Bushman ◽  
Roshanak Mehdipanah
Keyword(s):  
Mental Distress ◽  
Health Inequities ◽  
Housing Tenure ◽  
Housing System ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Mortgage Debt ◽  
Self Rated Health ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Multivariable Regression

BackgroundCOVID-19 has exploited the inequities within the US housing system. Examining the association between housing and health during the pandemic is imperative to reducing health inequities and improving population health.MethodsWe analysed 957 714 responses from the Household Pulse Survey Study, collected between April and July 2020. Using survey-weighted multivariable regression analyses, we assessed the relationships between housing tenure and health, both on average and over time, as well as how these relationships were moderated by COVID-19-related hardships including job loss, food insecurity and inability to afford housing-related costs. We controlled for a variety of potential socioeconomic and demographic confounding factors.ResultsWe found that housing tenure was significantly associated with both self-rated health and mental distress. Compared with homeowners without mortgage debt, homeowners with mortgage debt reported worse self-rated health (β=−0.13; 95% CI −0.15 to −0.12, p<0.001) and greater mental distress (β=0.50; 95% CI 0.44 to 0.55, p<0.001). Renters also reported worse self-rated health (β=−0.18; 95% CI −0.20 to −0.16, p<0.001) and greater mental distress (β=0.76; 95% CI 0.69 to 0.83, p<0.001) than homeowners without mortgage debt. Across all tenure groups, self-rated health decreased (β=−0.007; 95% CI −0.011 to −0.004, p<0.001) and mental distress increased (β=0.05; 95% CI 0.05 to 0.06, p<0.001) over this period. Additionally, time and COVID-19-related hardships compounded differences in health status between homeowners and renters.ConclusionsThese results add to a limited body of evidence suggesting that, during this period, housing instability and COVID-19-related hardships have contributed to an increase in health inequities in the USA.

College students’ understanding of social justice as sustainability

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (3) ◽  
pp. 513-530 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina M. Kruger ◽  
Nicholas McCreary ◽  
Brandon L. Verhoff ◽  
Virgil Sheets ◽  
James H. Speer ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
College Students ◽  
Social Justice ◽  
Goodness Of Fit ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Survey Study ◽  
Chi Square ◽  
Content Type ◽  
Class Standing ◽  
The Usa ◽  
Don't Know Responses

Purpose The purpose of this study was to explore college students’ understanding of sustainability and, specifically, the extent to which students see social justice as being integral to sustainability. Design/methodology/approach Between fall 2015 and 2017, an online survey study was deployed to students at a Midwestern University in the USA to assess attitudes and concerns about environmental issues and awareness of the university’s activities related to these issues. This analysis included ten assessment items from a larger study, of which 1,929 participants were included in the final sample. A chi-square goodness-of-fit and variable cluster analysis were performed on the included items. Findings Items such as “recycling,” “economic viability” and “fair treatment of all” were identified as integral to the concept of sustainability, while items such as “growing organic vegetables” and “reducing meat consumption” had high levels of “not applicable” and “don’t know” responses, with differences arising across gender and class standing. Social justice-related items were seen as more distally connected to sustainability. Research limitations/implications This study is limited by a non-random sample of students. Practical implications College students tend not to recognize the integral nature of social justice or the relevance of food to sustainability, providing an opportunity for universities to better prepare their students for a sustainable future. Social implications Universities might adopt policies and curricula that address these areas of ignorance. Originality/value This study is among the first to identify specific areas of college students’ lack of understanding about sustainability.

Using telehealth to deliver primary care to adolescents during and after the Covid-19 pandemic: Findings from a national survey of primary care professionals (Preprint)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Melissa B. Gilkey ◽  
Wei Yi Kong ◽  
Qian Huang ◽  
Brigid K. Grabert ◽  
Peyton Thompson ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Primary Care ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Quality Care ◽  
National Sample ◽  
Recent Experience ◽  
Advanced Practice ◽  
Positive Attitudes ◽  
The Us ◽  
Primary Care Professionals ◽  
Future Practice

BACKGROUND The Covid-19 pandemic has led to an unprecedented use of telehealth, including among primary care professionals (PCPs) who serve adolescents. OBJECTIVE To inform future practice and policies, we sought to characterize PCPs’ recent experience using adolescent telehealth, as well as their support for it after the pandemic is over. METHODS In February-March 2021, we conducted an online survey of 1,047 PCPs in the US. Our national sample included physicians (71%), advanced practice providers (17%), and nurses (12%) who provided primary care to adolescents, ages 11-17. RESULTS Most PCPs reported using telehealth for a low, moderate, or high proportion of their adolescent patients in the three months prior to the survey (41%, 27%, and 21%, respectively); only 11% reported no use. A majority agreed that adolescent telehealth increases access to care (69%) and is a way they can provide high quality care (53%). Few believed adolescent telehealth takes too much time (14%) or encourages healthcare overuse (15%). Most supported giving families the option of adolescent telehealth for primary care after the pandemic is over (65%) and believed that health insurance plans should continue to reimburse for telehealth visits (82%). About two-thirds (67%) wanted to offer adolescent telehealth visits after the pandemic, with intentions being higher among those with recent telehealth experience (P<.001). CONCLUSIONS PCPs in our national sample reported widespread use of and predominantly positive attitudes toward adolescent telehealth. Our findings also suggest broad support among PCPs for continuing to offer adolescent telehealth after the Covid-19 pandemic ends.

scholarly journals Constituents and Consequences of Online-Shopping in Sustainable E-Business: An Experimental Study of Online-Shopping Malls

2018 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 3756 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muhammad Ijaz ◽  
Jongtae Rhee
Keyword(s):  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Structural Equation ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Online Shopping ◽  
Ease Of Use ◽  
Perceived Usefulness ◽  
Equation Modeling ◽  
Model Matching ◽  
Perceived Ease Of Use ◽  
Positive Attitudes

With the growth of the internet, electronic (online) business has become an important trend in the economy. This study investigates how retailers could enhance their shopping processes and hence help sustain their e-business development. Therefore, we propose a unified information system-consumer behavior (IS-CB) model for online shopping to analyze factors that impact online shopping. We used an online survey to gather data from 633 online customers to test the theoretical model, matching differences using structural equation modeling. Highly influencing factors for the IS-CB online shopping model included perceived value (PV), perceived risk (PR), social factors (SF), perceived ease of use (PEOU), perceived usefulness (PU), online shopping intention, trust, online shopping experience, actual online shopping purchases, entertainment gratification (EG), website irritation (WI), information design (ID), visual design (VD), and navigation design (ND). This study provides important theoretical and practical implications. PV and trust in online shopping can nurture positive attitudes and shopping intentions among online customers. Well-designed websites produce higher levels of trust and reduced WI. Similarly, online shopping sites with better ID, ND, and VD also reduce WI and increase trust. This study fills gaps in previous studies relating to IS and CB and provides explanations for IS and CB constituent impacts on acceptance and use of online shopping. The proposed unified IS-CB explains consumer online shopping patterns for a sustainable e-business.

scholarly journals Knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) toward COVID-19: a cross-sectional study in South Korea

2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Minjung Lee ◽  
Bee-Ah Kang ◽  
Myoungsoon You
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Personal Hygiene ◽  
Preventive Behaviors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
The Public ◽  
Efficacy Belief ◽  
Attitudes And Practices ◽  
Knowledge Attitudes And Practices

Abstract Background The public must routinely practice precautionary behaviors to control the spread of COVID-19, as no vaccines and antiviral treatments are currently available. This paper examines the public’s knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to COVID-19 and their relationships and identified the pandemic’s vulnerable populations to provide recommendations for behavioral interventions and policies. Methods Data collection took place over 3 days (June 26–29) via an online survey 5 months after the Korea Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (KCDC) confirmed the first COVID case in South Korea; 970 subjects were included in the statistical data analysis. Results Knowledge directly affected both attitudes (e.g., perceived risk and efficacy belief) and practices (e.g., personal hygiene practices and social distancing). Among the influencing factors of COVID-19 preventive behaviors, efficacy belief was the most influential and significant practice factor. It mediated the relationship between knowledge and all three preventive behaviors (wearing facial masks, practicing hand hygiene, and avoiding crowded places). The level of knowledge varied by sociodemographic characteristics. Females (β = 0.06, p <  0.05) and individuals with higher levels of education (β = 0.06, p <  0.05) demonstrated higher levels of knowledge. Conclusion To increase precautionary behaviors among the public, health officials and policymakers must promote knowledge and efficacy belief. Future interventions and policies should also be developed in a ‘person-centered’ approach, targeting vulnerable subgroups, embracing them, and closing the gap of KAP toward COVID-19.

scholarly journals Perceived risk of COVID-19 in Central Indian population

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Noopur Kokane ◽  
Vandana Kokane ◽  
Jasleen Kaur
Keyword(s):  
Risk Perception ◽  
Perceived Risk ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Indian Population ◽  
Total Sample ◽  
Effective Vaccine ◽  
The People ◽  
False Sense ◽  
Study Participants ◽  
Second Wave

Abstract Background: risk perception influences the behavior of the people. With gradual unlocking in India it is important to understand the perceived risk of people for COVID-19 issue as it might influence number of new positive cases in India.Material and method: this was an online survey which measured the perceived risk under two domain, risk perception of disease and trust people have in authorities and themselves to fight against COVID-19. SPSS 23.0 was used for data analysis.Result: Total sample size is 797. Only participants above age of 60 have high risk perception. But overall risk perception is low. All have high trust in scientist to develop an effective vaccine soon. The overall trust of participants is high which resulted in low risk perception. According to our study participants have low perceived risk. Conclusion: with low perceived risk, there and chances of increase of cases in COVID-19 positive patients. And people should not be misled by false sense of immunity and authorities should be prepared for second wave.

scholarly journals Early adoption of heated tobacco products resembles that of e-cigarettes

2021 ◽  
pp. tobaccocontrol-2020-056089
Author(s):  
Shu-Hong Zhu ◽  
Julian Ong ◽  
Shiushing Wong ◽  
Adam Cole ◽  
Yue-Lin Zhuang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Drug Administration ◽  
National Survey ◽  
Risk Perceptions ◽  
Online Survey ◽  
Tobacco Products ◽  
Probability Sample ◽  
Early Adoption ◽  
The Us ◽  
The Usa ◽  
National Probability Sample

BackgroundHeated tobacco products (HTP) generate nicotine-containing aerosol by heating tobacco rather than burning it. The US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently authorised the sale of one HTP brand, iQOS, in the USA. This study examined the awareness, use and risk perceptions of HTP in the USA following FDA authorisation.MethodsA national probability sample of 20 449 US adults completed an online survey between November 2019 and February 2020. In addition to assessing awareness and use of HTP, two ratios were calculated: the ratio of those who experimented with HTP given that they had heard about it (E/H) and the ratio of those who currently used HTP given experimentation (C/E). These ratios for HTP were compared against those for e-cigarettes from a similar national survey in 2012.ResultsOverall, 8.1% of respondents had heard of HTP. Only 0.55% had tried and 0.10% were current users. The rate of experimentation among those who heard about HTP and the rate of current use among experimenters were, however, similar to those for e-cigarettes in 2012: E/H and C/E for HTP were 6.8% and 18.2%, respectively; and 10.7% and 17.8%, respectively for e-cigarettes. The majority of respondents considered HTP either less harmful than (11.6%), or equally harmful as e-cigarettes (42.7%).ConclusionsOnly a small fraction of US population in 2020 have tried any HTP. However, the similarity in early adoption rates following awareness, suggests that future adoption for HTP may be similar to that for e-cigarettes, if HTP are marketed more aggressively.

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