Hepatitis E in 24 Chinese Cities, 2008–2018: A New Analysis Method for the Disease's Occupational Characteristics

Background: The disease burden of hepatitis E remains high. We used a new method (richness, diversity, evenness, and similarity analyses) to classify cities according to the occupational classification of hepatitis E patients across regions in China and compared the results of cluster analysis.Methods: Data on reported hepatitis E cases from 2008 to 2018 were collected from 24 cities (9 in Jilin Province, 13 in Jiangsu Province, Xiamen City, and Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture). Traditional statistical methods were used to describe the epidemiological characteristics of hepatitis E patients, while the new method and cluster analysis were used to classify the cities by analyzing the occupational composition across regions.Results: The prevalence of hepatitis E in eastern China (Jiangsu Province) was similar to that in the south (Xiamen City) and southwest of China (Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture), but higher than that in the north (Jilin Province). The age of hepatitis E patients was concentrated between 41 and 60 years, and the sex ratio ranged from 1:1.6 to 1:3.4. Farming was the most highly prevalent occupation; other sub-prevalent occupations included retirement, housework and unemployment. The incidence of occupations among migrant workers, medical staff, teachers, and students was moderate. There were several occupational types with few or no records, such as catering industry, caregivers and babysitters, diaspora children, childcare, herders, and fishing (boat) people. The occupational similarity of hepatitis E was high among economically developed cities, such as Nanjing, Wuxi, Baicheng, and Xiamen, while the similarity was small among cities with large economic disparities, such as Nanjing and Chuxiong Yi Autonomous Prefecture. A comparison of the classification results revealed more similarities and some differences when using these two methods.Conclusion: In China, the factors with the greatest influence on the prevalence of hepatitis E are living in the south, farming as an occupation, being middle-aged or elderly, and being male. The 24 cities we studied were highly diverse and moderately similar in terms of the occupational distribution of patients with hepatitis E. We confirmed the validity of the new method on in classifying cities according to their occupational composition by comparing it with the clustering method.

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Observations of the autumn migration of the rice leaf roller Cnaphalocrocis medinalis (Lepidoptera: Pyralidae) and other moths in eastern China

Bulletin of Entomological Research ◽

10.1017/s0007485300036130 ◽

1995 ◽

Vol 85 (3) ◽

pp. 397-414 ◽

Cited By ~ 66

Author(s):

J. R. Riley ◽

D. R. Reynolds ◽

A. D. Smith ◽

A.S. Edwards ◽

X.-X. Zhang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Eastern China ◽

Jiangsu Province ◽

Autumn Migration ◽

Jiangxi Province ◽

Cnaphalocrocis Medinalis ◽

The South ◽

Leaf Roller ◽

Rice Leaf ◽

Wind Speed Maximum ◽

Southern Jiangsu

AbstractThe autumn migration of the rice leaf roller moth, Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée, in eastern China was studied at two sites (one in southern Jiangsu Province and one in northern Jiangxi Province), using radar and aerial netting. It was confirmed that C. medinalis is a high-altitude nocturnal windborne migrant, with large numbers of moths taking-off at dusk and flying continuously for several hours. Migration was post-teneral and the females had immature ovaries. Maximum densities of the moths typically occurred between 250 and 550 m above ground, and layering was intense on some nights. Moth layers often occurred at an altitude where there was a wind-speed maximum. In early September, migrant C. medinalis from southern Jiangsu Province were carried on the winds in an approximately westward direction. However, the winds prevailing in late September and October took migrants from both sites towards the south-west or south. Forward trajectories for C. medinalis and other insects emigrating from northern Jiangxi during October indicated that they were able to reach the tropical rice-growing areas near the south China coast, where year-round breeding would be possible. Incidental observations on the migratory flight of other lepidopteran pests, including Mythimna separata (Walker), Spodoptera litura (Fabricius), Ctenoplusia agnata (Staudinger) and Agrotis ipsilon (Hufnagel) (all Nocturidae), Spoladea recurvalis (Fabricius) and particularly Omiodes indicata (Fabricius) (both Pyralidae) are presented.

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Onset and demise dates of the rainy season in the South American Monsoon region: a cluster analysis result

International Journal of Climatology ◽

10.1002/joc.7307 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Maria A. M. Rodrigues ◽

Sâmia R. Garcia ◽

Mary T. Kayano ◽

Alan J. P. Calheiros ◽

Rita V. Andreoli

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Rainy Season ◽

South American ◽

Monsoon Region ◽

The South ◽

South American Monsoon

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Petrogenesis and tectonic significance of the middle Neoproterozoic highly fractionated A-type granite in the South Qinling block

Geological Magazine ◽

10.1017/s001675682100042x ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-20

Author(s):

Xiao-Fei Qiu ◽

Qiong Xu ◽

Tuo Jiang ◽

Shan-Song Lu ◽

Long Zhao

Keyword(s):

Tectonic Setting ◽

Eastern China ◽

Continental Rift ◽

The South ◽

Yangtze Craton ◽

Dabie Orogen ◽

Northern Margin ◽

South Qinling ◽

Type Granite ◽

High Alkali

Abstract The South Qinling block, a segment of the Yangtze craton involved in the Qinling–Dabie orogen, is critical for understanding the tectonic evolution of eastern China. However, the tectonic setting of the South Qinling block and the northern margin of the Yangtze block during middle Neoproterozoic time has long been the subject of debate, with two distinctly different models (continental rift or volcanic arc) proposed. Here, a comprehensive study of zircon U–Pb geochronology and geochemistry has been carried out on the Chengwan granitic pluton from the Suizao terrane in the South Qinling block. The granites are monzogranite and syenogranite in lithology, and are mainly composed of potash feldspar, quartz, plagioclase and biotite. This suite has long been regarded as a Palaeozoic magmatic pluton, but zircon U–Pb ages of 809 ± 9 Ma and 816 ± 4 Ma are obtained in this study. The granites are metaluminous to strongly peraluminous with high alkali contents, and exhibit highly fractionated features, including high SiO2, low Zr/Hf ratios, rare earth element tetrad effects and enrichment of K and Rb. They show Hf–Nd isotopic decoupling, which may be genetically related to their petrogenetic process. Based on the geochemical features and the positive εHf(t) values of the zircons, it is indicated that the granites may have been derived from partial melting of juvenile tonalitic rocks by biotite breakdown under fluid-absent conditions. The Chengwan granite geochemically belongs to the A2-subtype granites, suggesting that it might have formed in a post-orogenic tectonic setting. The highly fractionated A-type granite in this study may represent extensional collapse shortly after the collisional events in the South Qinling block, and thus indicate a tectonic regime switch, from compression to extension, as early as middle Neoproterozoic time. Integrating our new data with documented magmatic, metamorphic and sedimentary events during middle Neoproterozoic time in the region may support a continental rift model, and argues against arc models.

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Hepatitis E Virus Genotype Diversity in Eastern China

Emerging Infectious Diseases ◽

10.3201/eid1610.100873 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 16 (10) ◽

pp. 1630-1632 ◽

Cited By ~ 40

Author(s):

Wen Zhang ◽

Yilin He ◽

Hua Wang ◽

Quan Shen ◽

Li Cui ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis E Virus ◽

Eastern China ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Virus Genotype ◽

Genotype Diversity

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Complete Genome Sequence of the Genotype 4 Hepatitis E Virus Strain Prevalent in Swine in Jiangsu Province, China, Reveals a Close Relationship with That from the Human Population in This Area

Journal of Virology ◽

10.1128/jvi.01060-12 ◽

2012 ◽

Vol 86 (15) ◽

pp. 8334-8335 ◽

Cited By ~ 11

Author(s):

H. Wang ◽

Y. He ◽

Q. Shen ◽

X. Wang ◽

S. Yang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Genome Sequence ◽

Virus Strain ◽

Complete Genome Sequence ◽

Complete Genome ◽

Human Population ◽

Hepatitis E Virus ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Jiangsu Province ◽

Genotype 4 ◽

Close Relationship

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Seasonal pattern of hepatitis E virus prevalence in swine in two different geographical areas of China

Epidemiology and Infection ◽

10.1017/s0950268813000113 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 141 (11) ◽

pp. 2403-2409 ◽

Cited By ~ 8

Author(s):

Y. H. LU ◽

H. Z. QIAN ◽

A. Q. HU ◽

X. QIN ◽

Q. W. JIANG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Hepatitis E Virus ◽

Seasonal Pattern ◽

Eastern China ◽

Geographical Area ◽

Hepatitis E ◽

Southwestern China ◽

Seasonal Patterns ◽

Virus Prevalence ◽

Swine Hepatitis ◽

A Minor

SUMMARYWe studied seasonal patterns of swine hepatitis E virus (HEV) infection in China. From 2008 to 2011, 4200 swine bile specimens were collected for the detection of HEV RNA. A total of 92/2400 (3·83%) specimens in eastern China and 47/1800 (2·61%) specimens in southwestern China were positive for HEV. Seasonal patterns differing by geographical area were suggested. In eastern China, the major peak of HEV RNA prevalence was during March–April, with a minor peak during September–October, and a dip during July–August. In southwestern China, the peak was during September–October and the dip during March–April. The majority of subtype 4a cases (63/82, 76·83%) were detected in the first half of the year, while the majority of subtype 4b cases (26/29, 89·66%) were concentrated in the second half of the year, suggesting that different subtypes contribute to different peaks. Our results indicate that the distribution of HEV subtypes is associated with seasonal patterns.

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Does El Niño play an early signal role for the south-flood north-drought pattern over eastern China?

Theoretical and Applied Climatology ◽

10.1007/s00704-018-2590-6 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 137 (1-2) ◽

pp. 217-227 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Zhixin Hao ◽

Di Sun ◽

Maowei Wu ◽

Jingyun Zheng

Keyword(s):

El Niño ◽

El Nino ◽

Eastern China ◽

The South ◽

Early Signal ◽

Drought Pattern

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Genetic divergence among Nellore breed herds raised in the South Region of Brazil

Ciência Rural ◽

10.1590/s0103-84782013005000047 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 43 (5) ◽

pp. 878-883

Author(s):

Jader Silva Lopes ◽

Paulo Roberto Nogara Rorato ◽

Tomás Weber ◽

Ronyere Olegário de Araújo ◽

Dionéia Magda Everling ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cluster Analysis ◽

Genetic Divergence ◽

Rio Grande ◽

Southern Region ◽

Rio Grande Do Sul ◽

The South ◽

Santa Catarina ◽

Weaning Weight ◽

Breeding Values ◽

Ward Method

The objective of this study was to evaluate the genetic divergence among Nellore breed animals raised in 45 farms in the Southern Region of Brazil. The characteristic studied was weaning weight adjusted to 205 days of life (P205), from 10,874 animals sired by 425 bulls and 7,629 cows, collected between 1976 and 2001, and distributed in the states of Rio Grande do Sul (1,499), Santa Catarina (2,332) and Paraná (7,043). The animals were distributed by cluster analysis in eight genetic divergent groups, enabling this technique to be applied to organize the matings in order to obtain heterotic effect. The herd/farm groups were formed through the hierarchical Ward method, using the direct (VGD) and maternal (VGM) breeding values predicted by the REML method. The VGD of the animal accounted for 90% of the differences among herds, and the remaining 10% was attributed to differences in the VGM. On average, the P205 for the animals from inter-group mating was 1.4kg higher than those from intra-group mating, representing 2.4% of heterosis.

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