scholarly journals Are There Heterogeneous Impacts of Air Pollution on Mental Health?

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingqing Hu ◽  
Yanhong Feng ◽  
Mark Xu
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Significant Implication ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Different Types

Many studies reveal that air pollution is related to mental health. However, the level of impact and the regulatory mechanism of air pollution on different types of mental health are unknown. This paper examines the heterogeneous impact and mediating mechanisms of air pollution on mental health based on data of 51 countries from 2010 to 2017 by using panel Tobit random effect model, mediating effect model, and bootstrap test. The findings show that, firstly, there is heterogeneous impact of air pollution on different types of mental health. Specifically, air pollution has a significant positive impact on depression; and the impacts on happiness and anxiety are closely related to income level. Secondly, the heterogeneous impact of air pollution on mental health is contingent on income levels. Thirdly, the heterogeneous impacts under different income levels are exacerbated by different levels of education and population density. Lastly, the mediating effect of physical health on different types of mental health is also heterogeneous. To be specific, the effects of air pollution on depression and anxiety are partly mediated by physical health; whereas the effect on happiness is not. These findings contribute to the understanding of air pollution on public health, and have significant implication for social and public health policy makers.

scholarly journals The Influence of Urban Sprawl on Air Pollution and the Mediating Effect of Vehicle Ownership

Processes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 1261
Author(s):  
Aiping Tao ◽  
Qun Liang ◽  
Peng Kuai ◽  
Tao Ding
Keyword(s):  
Air Pollution ◽  
Urban Sprawl ◽  
Negative Impact ◽  
Empirical Support ◽  
Mediating Effect ◽  
Vehicle Ownership ◽  
Mediating Role ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
Significant Negative Impact ◽  
The Impact

Based on the panel data of 224 prefecture-level and above cities in China from 2003 to 2016, this paper empirically studies the impact of urban sprawl on air pollution and introduces a mediating effect model to test the mediating role of vehicle ownership concerning the impact of urban sprawl on air pollution. The research in this paper arrives at three conclusions. First, urban sprawl has a significant positive effect on air pollution, and this conclusion is still valid after solving the endogeneity problem and conducting a robustness test. Second, the results of mediating effect test show that urban sprawl indirectly affects air pollution through the partial mediating effect of vehicle ownership. By removing the mediating effect, urban sprawl has a significant negative impact on air pollution, indicating that the mediating effect of vehicle ownership is higher concerning the impact of urban sprawl on air pollution. Third, further panel quantile regression results show that the higher the level of air pollution, the weaker the mediating effect of vehicle ownership and the stronger the direct effect of urban sprawl on air pollution. These conclusions can provide some empirical support for solving the air pollution problems caused by urban sprawl in China.

Physical and Mental Health of Different Types of Orchestra Musicians Compared to Other Professions

2012 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
pp. 9-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Edgar Voltmer ◽  
Mark Zander ◽  
Joachim E Fischer ◽  
Brigitte M Kudielka ◽  
Bernhard Richter ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
General Population ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Reference Sample ◽  
Physical And Mental Health ◽  
Health Score ◽  
Professional Groups ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Physical Health Score

Objectives: This study examined the physical and mental health of orchestra musicians of different types of orchestras compared to a reference sample of the general population and of two other professions. Methods: Professional musicians (n = 429) from nine opera and/or concert orchestras were surveyed with the Short Form-12 general health questionnaire (SF-12). Data were compared with a reference sample (n = 2805) with a sample of physicians (n = 549) and aircraft manufacturers (n = 822). Results: Compared to the reference sample and the two other professional groups, the musicians had a higher physical health score: 53.07 (SD 5.89) vs 49.03 (SD 9.35) reference, 51.26 (SD 7.53) physicians, and 49.31 (SD 7.99) aircraft manufacturers. The musicians’ mental health score was lower compared to the reference sample but did not differ from the other professional groups: 48.33 (SD 9.52) for musicians vs 52.24 (SD 8.10) reference, 48.26 (SD 10.06) physicians, and 48.54 (SD 9.59) aircraft manufacturers. Physical health but not mental health decreased with age in all groups. In physical and mental health, women scored lower than men. There was no significant difference in physical and mental health scores between musicians of concert and opera orchestras. Age and gender accounted for 3.6% of the variance of the physical health score, but none of the demographic characteristics or orchestral roles and functions was predictive for mental health scores. Conclusions: Musicians report better physical but poorer mental health than the general population, but they did not differ in mental health scores from physicians or aircraft manufacturers.

Promoting Mental Health and Well-Being in Public Health Law and Practice

2017 ◽  
Vol 45 (S1) ◽  
pp. 37-40 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jill Krueger ◽  
Nathaniel Counts ◽  
Brigid Riley
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Cultural Context ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Collective Impact ◽  
Health Law ◽  
Policies And Programs ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Health And Well Being

This article discusses the relationship between stress, physical health, and well-being in cultural context, offers examples of laws, policies, and programs to promote mental health and well-being, and examines how collective impact supports mental health and well-being.

scholarly journals Does Industrial Air Pollution Increase Health Care Expenditure? Evidence From China

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jin-Sheng Shen ◽  
Qun Wang ◽  
Han-Pu Shen
Keyword(s):  
Health Care ◽  
Air Pollution ◽  
Health Care Expenditure ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Medical Expenditure ◽  
Added Value ◽  
Western China ◽  
Effect Model ◽  
The Impact

This paper discusses the impact of air pollution on medical expenditure in eastern, central, and western China by applying the fixed-effect model, random-effect model, and panel threshold regression model. According to theoretical and empirical analyses, there are different relationships between the two indexes in different regions of China. For eastern and central regions, it is obvious that the more serious the air pollution is, the more medical expenses there are. However, there is a non-linear single threshold effect between air pollution and health care expenditure in the western region. When air pollution is lower than this value, there is a negative correlation between them. Conversely, the health care expenditure increases with the aggravation of air pollution, but the added value is not enough to make up for the health problems caused by air pollution. The empirical results are basically consistent with the theoretical analysis, which can provide enlightenment for the government to consider the role of air pollution in medical expenditure. Policymakers should arrange the medical budget reasonably, according to its situation, to make up for the loss caused by air pollution.

Sleep and Arousal as Risk Factors for Adverse Health and Work Performance in Public Health Workers Involved in the 2004 Florida Hurricane Season

2010 ◽  
Vol 4 (S1) ◽  
pp. S55-S62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jodi B.A. McKibben ◽  
Carol S. Fullerton ◽  
Robert J. Ursano ◽  
Dori B. Reissman ◽  
Kathleen Kowalski-Trakofler ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Sleep Disturbance ◽  
Work Performance ◽  
Health Workers ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Work Demand ◽  
Hurricane Season ◽  
Public Health Workers

ABSTRACTBackground: We examined the relation of sleep disturbance and arousal to work performance, mental and physical health, and day-to-day functioning in Florida Department of Health (FDOH) employees 9 months after the 2004 Florida hurricane season.Methods: FDOH employees were contacted via e-mail 9 months after the 2004 hurricanes. Participants (N = 2249) completed electronic questionnaires including measures of sleep disturbance, arousal, work performance, physical health, mental health, day-to-day function, hurricane injury, and work demand.Results: More than 18% of FDOH employees reported ≥25% reduced work performance and 11% to 15.3% reported ≥7 “bad” mental or physical health days in the past month. Sleep disturbance and elevated arousal were strongly associated with impaired work performance (odds ratios [ORs] 3.33 and 3.34, respectively), “bad” mental health (ORs 3.01 and 3.64), “bad” physical health (ORs 3.21 and 2.01), and limited day-to-day function (ORs 4.71 and 2.32), even after adjusting for sex, race, age, education, and marital status.Conclusions: Among public health workers exposed to the 2004 hurricanes, sleep disturbance and arousal were associated with personal and work impairment. Future research should continue to examine the effect of repeated exposure to disasters in first responders.(Disaster Med Public Health Preparedness. 2010;4:S55-S62)

scholarly journals Are There Heterogeneous Impacts of National Income on Mental Health?

2020 ◽  
Vol 17 (20) ◽  
pp. 7530
Author(s):  
Zimei Huang ◽  
Tinghui Li ◽  
Mark Xu
Keyword(s):  
Mental Health ◽  
Social Support ◽  
National Income ◽  
Policy Recommendations ◽  
Policy Makers ◽  
Income Levels ◽  
Prevalence Of Depression ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Depression Disorders ◽  
The Relationship

Understanding heterogeneous impact and mechanisms between national income and mental health are crucial to develop prevention and intervention strategies. Based on panel data from 2007 to 2017, this study explores the heterogeneous impact of national income on different types of mental health. Then, it analyzes the heterogeneous impact among countries with different income levels. Furthermore, the heterogeneous moderating effects of national income on mental health mechanisms are elaborated and the findings reveal several key conclusions: firstly, national income exerts a heterogeneous impact on different types of mental health. Rising national income is conducive to increase people’s happiness and reduce their prevalence of anxiety disorders, but it increases the prevalence of depression disorders. Secondly, national income has a heterogeneous impact on different types of mental health among countries with different income levels. Furthermore, the heterogeneous influence mechanism of national income on mental health is mainly reflected in different types of mental health. Unemployment, social support and freedom can moderate the relationship between national income and depression, while social support, positive affect and negative affect can moderate the relationship between national income and anxiety. Finally, based on the conclusions of quantitative analysis, some important policy recommendations are proposed for policy makers.

scholarly journals Disparities in Health Effects and Access to Health Care Among Houston Area Residents After Hurricane Harvey

2020 ◽  
Vol 135 (4) ◽  
pp. 511-523 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aaron B. Flores ◽  
Timothy W. Collins ◽  
Sara E. Grineski ◽  
Jayajit Chakraborty
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Health Care ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Health Effects ◽  
Health Care Access ◽  
Job Loss ◽  
Metropolitan Statistical Area ◽  
Persons With Disabilities ◽  
Care Access

Objectives Although research shows that public health is substantially affected during and after disasters, few studies have examined the health effects of Hurricane Harvey, which made landfall on the Texas coast in August 2017. We assessed disparities in physical health, mental health, and health care access after Hurricane Harvey among residents of the Houston–The Woodlands–Sugar Land, Texas, metropolitan statistical area (ie, Houston MSA). Methods We used structured survey data collected through telephone and online surveys from a population-based random sample of Houston MSA residents (n = 403) collected from November 29, 2017, through January 6, 2018. We used descriptive statistics to describe the prevalence of physical health/mental health and health care access outcomes and multivariable generalized linear models to assess disparities (eg, based on race/ethnicity, socioeconomic status, disability) in health outcomes. Results Physical health problems disproportionately affected persons who did not evacuate (odds ratio [OR] = 0.41; 95% confidence interval [CI], 0.19-0.87). Non-Hispanic black persons were more likely than non-Hispanic white persons to have posttraumatic stress (OR = 5.03; 95% CI, 1.90-13.10), as were persons in households that experienced job loss post-Harvey (vs did not experience job loss post-Harvey; OR = 2.89; 95% CI, 1.14-7.32) and older persons (OR = 1.04; 95% CI, 1.01-1.06). Health care access was constrained for persons whose households lost jobs post-Harvey (vs did not lose jobs post-Harvey; OR = 2.73; 95% CI, 1.29-5.78) and for persons with disabilities (vs without disabilities; OR = 3.19; 95% CI, 1.37-7.45). Conclusions Our findings underscore the need to plan for and ameliorate public health disparities resulting from climate change–related disasters, which are expected to occur with increased frequency and magnitude.

scholarly journals Public mental health: An interdisciplinary subject?

2015 ◽  
Vol 207 (3) ◽  
pp. 192-194 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah L. Stewart-Brown
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Physical Health ◽  
Public Mental Health ◽  
Public Health Perspective ◽  
The Public ◽  
Health Circles ◽  
Important Landmark ◽  
The Uk

SummaryThe Chief Medical Officer's report for 2013 was the first of its kind to highlight the public's mental rather than physical health and thus represents a very important landmark for public health in the UK. Written primarily from the perspective of psychiatrists, the report has created confusion in public health circles by failing to adequately address the public health perspective. David Foreman's editorial in this issue, calling as it does for more training in public health for psychiatrists, is therefore very welcome and timely.

scholarly journals Telemental health for reaching out to patients in a time of pandemic: Provider survey and systematic review with meta-analysis of patient satisfaction (Preprint)

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Raffaele Mazziotti ◽  
Grazia Rutigliano
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Mental Health ◽  
Patient Satisfaction ◽  
Health Services ◽  
Meta Analysis ◽  
Random Effect ◽  
Random Effect Model ◽  
Telemental Health ◽  
Mental Health Providers ◽  
Health Providers

BACKGROUND The COVID-19 pandemic threatens to impact mental health, while disrupting access to care, due to physical distance measures and to the unexpected pressure on public health services. Telemental health (TM) was rapidly implemented to deliver healthcare services. OBJECTIVE The aims of this study were: i) to present state-of-the-art TM research; ii) to survey mental health providers about care delivery during the pandemic; iii) to assess patient satisfaction with TM. METHODS Document clustering was applied to map research topics within TM research. A survey was circulated among mental health providers. Patient satisfaction was investigated through a meta-analysis of studies retrieved from Web of KnowledgeSM and Scopus® comparing satisfaction scores between TM and face-to-face (FtF) interventions for mental health disorders. Hedges’ g was used as effect size measure. Effect sizes were pooled using a random-effect model. Sources of heterogeneity and bias were sought. RESULTS Evidence about TM has been accumulating since 2000’, especially regarding service implementation, depressive/anxiety disorders, post-traumatic stress disorder, and special populations. Research was concentrated in a few countries. The survey (n=174 respondents from Italy, n=120 international) confirmed that, after the onset of COVID-19 outbreak, there was a massive shift from FtF to TM delivery of care. However, respondents held skeptical views about TM, and did not feel sufficiently trained and satisfied. Meta-analysis of 29 studies (n=2143) showed that patients would be equally satisfied with TM as compared to FtF (Hedges’ g=-0,001, 95% CI: -0,116-0,114, p=0,985, Q=43,83, I2=36%, p=0,029), if technology-related issues were minimized. CONCLUSIONS Mental health services equipped with TM will be more able to successfully cope with public health crises. Both providers and patients need to be actively engaged in digitization, to re-shape their reciprocal trust around technological innovations. CLINICALTRIAL The protocol was registered in PROSPERO [registration number: CRD42020192299].

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document