scholarly journals Cloud-Enabled High-Altitude Platform Systems: Challenges and Opportunities

2021 ◽  
Vol 2 ◽  
Author(s):  
Khaleel Mershad ◽  
Hayssam Dahrouj ◽  
Hadi Sarieddeen ◽  
Basem Shihada ◽  
Tareq Al-Naffouri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Ground Level ◽  
High Energy ◽  
Cloud Services ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
High Altitude Platform ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Challenges And Opportunities ◽  
Hoc Networks

Augmenting ground-level communications with flying networks, such as the high-altitude platform system (HAPS), is among the major innovative initiatives of the next generation of wireless systems (6G). Given HAPS quasi-static positioning at the stratosphere, HAPS-to-ground and HAPS-to-air connectivity frameworks are expected to be prolific in terms of data acquisition and computing, especially given the mild weather and quasi-constant wind speed characteristics of the stratospheric layer. This paper explores the opportunities stemming from the realization of cloud-enabled HAPS in the context of telecommunications applications and services. The paper first advocates for the potential physical advantages of deploying HAPS as flying data-centers, also known as super-macro base stations. The paper then describes various cloud services that can be offered from the HAPS and the merits that can be achieved by this integration, such as enhancing the quality, speed, and range of the offered services. The proposed services span a wide range of fields, including satellites, Internet of Things (IoT), ad hoc networks (such as sensor; vehicular; and aerial networks), gaming, and social networks. For each service, the paper illustrates the methods that would be used by cloud providers to offload the service data to the HAPS and enable the cloud customers to consume the service. The paper further sheds light on the challenges that need to be addressed for realizing practical cloud-enabled HAPS, mainly, those related to high energy, processing power, quality of service (QoS), and security considerations. Finally, the paper discusses some open issues on the topic, namely, HAPS mobility and message routing, HAPS security via blockchain and machine learning, artificial intelligence-based resource allocation in cloud-enabled HAPS, and integration with vertical heterogeneous networks.

scholarly journals Review of Acknowledgment Based Techniques for Detection of Black Hole/Gray Hole Attacks in MANETs

2013 ◽  
Vol 5 (3) ◽  
pp. 214-219
Author(s):  
Rajveer Kaur ◽  
Dr. Shaveta Rani ◽  
Dr. Paramjeet Singh
Keyword(s):  
Black Hole ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Centralized Control ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Wireless Medium ◽  
Dynamic Source ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Commercial Applications

In Mobile Ad hoc NETworks (MANETs) nodes communicate via wireless links, without any fixed infrastructure like base stations, central servers or mobile switching. Each node in MANET can act as a host or as a router. Due inherent characteristics like decentralization, self configuring, self -organizing networks, they can be deployed easily without need of expensive infrastructure and  have wide range of military to civilian and commercial applications. But wireless medium, dynamically changing topology, limited battery and lack of centralized control in MANETs, make them vulnerable to various types of attacks. This paper focus on network layer packet dropping attacks – Black Hole & Gray Hole attacks in Dynamic Source Routing (DSR) based MANETs and discuss various pros and cons of acknowledgement based techniques for detection of above said attacks.

Resource allocation in wireless ad hoc networks

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Κωνσταντίνος Χούμας
Keyword(s):  
Resource Allocation ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Wireless Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Opportunistic Routing ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Access Points ◽  
Hoc Networks

Παρόλο που τα καθημερινά σενάρια χρήσης της ασύρματης δικτύωσης βασίζονται συνήθως σε κάποια μορφή υποδομής, όπως είναι τα σημεία πρόσβασης (access points) ή οι σταθμοί βάσης (base stations), υπάρχει εξίσου μεγάλο ενδιαφέρον και για τα ασύρματα αδόμητα δίκτυα. Υπάρχει μία πληθώρα σεναρίων που χρειάζονται ασύρματη συνδεσιμότητα και δεν μπορούν να υποστηριχτούν χωρίς την ασύρματη αδόμητη δικτύωση. Ωστόσο, η αποδοτική χρήση των ασύρματων αδόμητων δικτύων είναι στενά συνδεδεμένη με το πρόβλημα της αποδοτικής ανάθεσης πόρων. Η ανάθεση πόρων στα ασύρματα αδόμητα δίκτυα είναι ένα πρόβλημα με πολλές προκλήσεις, με πολλαπλά υπό διερεύνηση θέματα που σχετίζονται με την δρομολόγηση πακέτων, τον χρονικό καθορισμό των μεταδόσεων όπως και την προσαρμογή των ρυθμών εισαγωγής πακέτων μέσα στο δίκτυο. Σε αυτή την διατριβή, προτείνουμε καινοτόμα σχήματα που απαντούν σε αυτές τις προκλήσεις, χρησιμοποιώντας πρακτικές και ιδέες που προκύπτουν από τον Backpressure αλγόριθμο και την Opportunistic routing λογική. Εναλλακτικά, είτε αποδεικνύουμε μαθηματικά ότι τα προτεινόμενα σχήματα έχουν βέλτιστη συμπεριφορά, είτε υιοθετούμε ευριστικές προσεγγίσεις. Η αξιολόγηση τους βασίζεται σε πειραματισμό σε μεγάλης κλίμακας ασύρματες πειραματικές υποδομές και διευρυμένα εργαλεία λογισμικού που καλύπτουν τις δικές μας πειραματικές ανάγκες. Η δυνατότητα για ένα τέτοιο πειραματισμό προκύπτει από την δουλειά μας για επέκταση ενός αναγνωρισμένου λογισμικού για διαχείριση τέτοιων υποδομών. Τα αποτελέσματα της αξιολόγησης μας είναι πολλαπλώς υποσχόμενα, καθότι συγκρίνουμε τους αλγόριθμους μας με άλλους αναγνωρισμένους αλγόριθμους και δείχνουμε σημαντικές βελτιώσεις σε σχέση με τους δεύτερους.

A Route Selection Mechanism for Mobility of Node in Mobile Ad Hoc Network

2012 ◽  
Vol 224 ◽  
pp. 520-523
Author(s):  
Hyun Jong Cha ◽  
Jin Mook Kim ◽  
Hwang Bin Ryou
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Movement Direction ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc ◽  
Hoc Networks

A mobile ad-hoc network is a method of communication between different nodes (mobile devices) without the use of base stations, which are used in wired networks. In a Mobile ad-hoc network, nodes can play the role of a receiver, sender, or a relay. As movement is flexible in Mobile ad-hoc networks and nodes have limited resources, nodes may join the communication or exit it at any time. Therefore, for Mobile ad-hoc networks, routing techniques - selecting communication routes and maintaining them – is considered important in an environment of constantly changing network topology. To overcome this problem, this paper proposes a reliable routing protocol based on MP-AOMDV, which monitors changes in signal strength not only for GPS signals but reception signals as well. Although MP-AOMDV was researched under the assumption of fixed movement direction and speed, this paper proposes a routing technique that works with changing movement direction or speed of nodes.

scholarly journals Monitoring System-Based Flying IoT in Public Health and Sports Using Ant-Enabled Energy-Aware Routing

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Inam Ullah Khan ◽  
Muhammad Abul Hassan ◽  
Mohammad Dahman Alshehri ◽  
Mohammed Abdulaziz Ikram ◽  
Hasan J. Alyamani ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Residual Energy ◽  
Base Station ◽  
Rapid Decline ◽  
Energy Aware ◽  
Remote Communication ◽  
Aerial Vehicles ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
High Level

In recent decades, the Internet of flying networks has made significant progress. Several aerial vehicles communicate with one another to form flying ad hoc networks. Unmanned aerial vehicles perform a wide range of tasks that make life easier for humans. However, due to the high frequency of mobile flying vehicles, network problems such as packet loss, latency, and perhaps disrupted channel links arise, affecting data delivery. The use of UAV-enabled IoT in sports has changed the dynamics of tracking and working on player safety. WBAN can be merged with aerial vehicles to collect data regarding health and transfer it to a base station. Furthermore, the unbalanced energy usage of flying things will result in earlier mission failure and a rapid decline in network lifespan. This study describes the use of each UAV’s residual energy level to ensure a high level of safety using an ant-based routing technique called AntHocNet. In health care, the use of IoT-assisted aerial vehicles would increase operational performance, surveillance, and automation optimization to provide a smart application of flying IoT. Apart from that, aerial vehicles can be used in remote communication for treatment, medical equipment distribution, and telementoring. While comparing routing algorithms, simulation findings indicate that the proposed ant-based routing protocol is optimal.

High-Altitude Platform Stations as IMT Base Stations: Connectivity from the Stratosphere

2021 ◽  
Vol 59 (12) ◽  
pp. 30-35
Author(s):  
Luciano Camilo Alexandre ◽  
Agostinho Linhares ◽  
Geraldo Neto ◽  
Arismar Cerqueira Sodre
Keyword(s):  
High Altitude ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
High Altitude Platform

Formal Verification of Secure Payment Framework in MANET for Disaster Areas

2018 ◽  
pp. 68-101
Author(s):  
Shaik Shakeel Ahamad ◽  
V. N. Sastry ◽  
Siba K. Udgata
Keyword(s):  
Cellular Networks ◽  
Mobile Agent ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Mobile Ad Hoc Network ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Payment Systems ◽  
Wired Networks ◽  
Disaster Area ◽  
Message Recovery ◽  
Hoc Networks

In this chapter, the authors propose a secure payment framework in mobile ad hoc network for disaster areas. In order to enable transactions in a disaster area using existing payment systems, we need infrastructure to communicate such as wired networks and base stations for cellular networks which are damaged by natural disasters. The authors propose to use mobile agent technology and digital signature with message recovery (DSMR) mechanism based on ECDSA mechanism to enable transactions in a disaster area using ad hoc networks.

A Novel Dynamic Noise-Dependent Probabilistic Algorithm for Route Discovery in MANETs

2013 ◽  
pp. 52-68
Author(s):  
Hussein Al-Bahadili ◽  
Alia Sabri
Keyword(s):  
Noise Level ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Network Services ◽  
Route Discovery ◽  
Probabilistic Algorithm ◽  
Dynamic Noise ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Broadcasting Algorithm

In mobile ad hoc networks (MANETs), broadcasting is widely used in route discovery and other network services. The most widely used broadcasting algorithm is simple flooding, which aggravates a high number of redundant packet retransmissions, causing contention and collisions. Proper use of dynamic probabilistic algorithm significantly reduces the number of retransmissions, which reduces the chance of contention and collisions. In current dynamic probabilistic algorithm, the retransmission probability (pt) is formulated as a linear/non-linear function of a single variable, the number of first-hop neighbors (k). However, such algorithm is suffers in the presence of noise due to increasing packet-loss. In this paper, the authors propose a new dynamic probabilistic algorithm in which ptis determined locally by the retransmitting nodes considering both k and the noise-level. This algorithm is referred to as the dynamic noise-dependent probabilistic (DNDP) algorithm. The performance of the DNDP algorithm is evaluated through simulations using the MANET simulator (MANSim). The simulation results show that the DNDP algorithm presents higher network reachability than the dynamic probabilistic algorithm at a reasonable increase in the number of retransmissions for a wide range of noise-level. The effects of nodes densities and nodes speeds on the performance of the DNDP algorithm are also investigated.

A Secure Routing Scheme Against Malicious Nodes in Ad Hoc Networks

2018 ◽  
pp. 284-307
Author(s):  
Abdelaziz Amara Korba ◽  
Mohamed Amine Ferrag
Keyword(s):  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
False Positive Rate ◽  
Secure Routing ◽  
Malicious Nodes ◽  
High Detection Rate ◽  
Routing Scheme ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Positive Rate ◽  
Hoc Networks

This chapter proposes a new cluster-based secure routing scheme to detect and prevent intrusions in ad hoc networks. The proposed scheme combines both specification and anomaly detection techniques to provide an accurate detection of wide range of routing attacks. The proposed secure scheme provides an adaptive response mechanism to isolate malicious nodes from the network. A key advantage of the proposed secure scheme is its capacity to prevent wormhole and rushing attacks and its real-time detection of both known and unknown attacks which violate specification. The simulation results show that the proposed scheme shows high detection rate and low false positive rate compared to other security mechanisms.

Hybrid Intrusion Detection Framework for Ad hoc networks

2016 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 1-32 ◽  
Author(s):  
Abdelaziz Amara Korba ◽  
Mehdi Nafaa ◽  
Salim Ghanemi
Keyword(s):  
Intrusion Detection ◽  
Anomaly Detection ◽  
Ad Hoc Networks ◽  
Intrusion Detection System ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Detection System ◽  
Security Framework ◽  
Detection Techniques ◽  
Wide Range ◽  
Hoc Networks

In this paper, a cluster-based hybrid security framework called HSFA for ad hoc networks is proposed and evaluated. The proposed security framework combines both specification and anomaly detection techniques to efficiently detect and prevent wide range of routing attacks. In the proposed hierarchical architecture, cluster nodes run a host specification-based intrusion detection system to detect specification violations attacks such as fabrication, replay, etc. While the cluster heads run an anomaly-based intrusion detection system to detect wormhole and rushing attacks. The proposed specification-based detection approach relies on a set of specifications automatically generated, while anomaly-detection uses statistical techniques. The proposed security framework provides an adaptive response against attacks to prevent damage to the network. The security framework is evaluated by simulation in presence of malicious nodes that can launch different attacks. Simulation results show that the proposed hybrid security framework performs significantly better than other existing mechanisms.

Convergence Aspects of Autonomic Cooperative Networks

2011 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 51-62 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michal Wódczak
Keyword(s):  
Network Architecture ◽  
Ad Hoc ◽  
Local Area ◽  
Cooperative Networks ◽  
Mobile User ◽  
Cooperative Transmission ◽  
Base Stations ◽  
Relay Nodes ◽  
Hoc Networks ◽  
Advanced Access

The current efforts across industry and academia are to develop new paradigms that enable ubiquitous on-demand service provision. This aim may be achievable because of the envisaged deployment of cutting-edge technologies such as cooperative transmission. However, a real advancement is only attainable when autonomic system design principles are taken into account. Looking at the concept of the Relay Enhanced Cell, one may come across commonalities with Mobile Ad-hoc Networks. Especially in Local Area scenarios, Base Stations seem to resemble advanced Access Points, while fixed and movable Relay Nodes might be replaced by powerful mobile User Terminals. On top of it, Generic Autonomic Network Architecture would help accommodate the fact that network devices may expose autonomic cooperative behaviors, allowing them to play certain roles. Finally, such a network must interact with Operations Support System deployed by the network operator for uninterrupted, continued operation.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document