scholarly journals Toward Long-Term Sailing Robots: State of the Art From Energy Perspectives

2022 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qinbo Sun ◽  
Weimin Qi ◽  
Hengli Liu ◽  
Xiaoqiang Ji ◽  
Huihuan Qian
Keyword(s):  
Energy Management ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Critical Factor ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
Surface Exploration ◽  
Pros And Cons ◽  
And Control

Sailing robots can contribute significantly to maritime surface exploration, due to its potential for long-range and long-duration motions in the environment with abundant wind. However, energy, the critical factor for their long-term missions, shall be carefully investigated, so as to achieve sustainability in distance and time. In this survey, we have conducted a comprehensive investigation on numerous sailing robots, developed in academia and industry. Some of them have achieved long-term operation, and some are motivated by, but still on the way to this ambitious goal. Prototypes are grouped in each team, so as to view the development path. We further investigate the existing design and control strategies for energy sufficiency from three perspectives: actuation, harvesting, and energy management. In propulsion and steering, i.e., two major actuations, researchers have accumulated effective sail and rudder designs. The motorized propeller and wave-glider–inspired mechanism also contribute as compliments for propulsion. Electricity harvesting based on solar or wind energies is also discussed to gather more power from nature. Pros and cons in strategies of energy management, which are valuable tools to enhance power utilization efficiency, are elaborated. This article is hoped to provide researchers in long-term robotic sailing with a comprehensive reference from the perspectives of energy.

scholarly journals Effect on lipid profile due to prolong Valproic acid intake

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1497-1499
Author(s):  
Rao. S Aziz ◽  
Usman Saeed ◽  
Liaqat Ali ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Roman Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Lipid Profile ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Oxidase ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
And Control ◽  
Relationship Of

Background: Valproic acid (VA) serve as the antimigraine , anti-mental disturbances agent and antiepileptic medicine. After using va, metabolic rearrangements seen in patients that include alteration in lipoproteins levels; Aim: To discuss the effects of VA after using for long duration on total levels of cholesterol in adult. Methods: About Eighty candidates participated and they were divided into two groups namely, case group (40 candidates) and control groups (40 candidates). All the candidates were asked for collection of venous blood sample in order to determine total cholesterol serum level among them via aid of enzymatic cholesterol oxidase phenol 4-aminoantipyrine peroxidase. Results: By the aid of the logistic regression analysis, the relationship of the long-term VA treatment and the level of total cholesterol was obtained. With respect to our analysis, there is a co relation between total levels of cholestrol and long term usage of VA (P=0.003). Conclusions: In a net shell, by using VA for long duration, the total level of cholesterol in adults reduces. Keywords: Lipid profile, side effects, total cholesterol, valproic acid

scholarly journals Investigation of the K-Mg-Ca Sulfate System as Part of Monitoring Problematic Phase Formations in Renewable-Energy Power Plants

Energies ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 13 (20) ◽  
pp. 5366
Author(s):  
Fiseha Tesfaye ◽  
Daniel Lindberg ◽  
Mykola Moroz ◽  
Leena Hupa
Keyword(s):  
Renewable Energy ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Alkali Metals ◽  
Wind Farms ◽  
Biomass Combustion ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Binary Phase Diagrams ◽  
Combustion Processes ◽  
And Control

Besides the widely applied hydropower, wind farms and solar energy, biomass and municipal and industrial waste are increasingly becoming important sources of renewable energy. Nevertheless, fouling, slagging and corrosion associated with the combustion processes of these renewable sources are costly and threaten the long-term operation of power plants. During a high-temperature biomass combustion, alkali metals in the biomass fuel and the ash fusion behavior are the two major contributors to slagging. Ash deposits on superheater tubes that reduce thermal efficiency are often composed of complex combinations of sulfates and chlorides of Ca, Mg, Na, and K. However, thermodynamic databases involving all the sulfates and chlorides that would favor a better understanding and control of the problems in combustion processes related to fouling, slagging and corrosion are not complete. In the present work, thermodynamic properties including solubility limits of some phases and phase mixtures in the K2SO4-(Mg,Ca)SO4 system were reviewed and experimentally investigated. Based on the new and revised thermochemical data, binary phase diagrams of the K2SO4-CaSO4 and K2SO4-MgSO4 systems above 400 °C, which are of interest in the combustion processes of renewable-energy power plants, were optimized.

scholarly journals Application of an energy management and control system to assess the potential of different control strategies in HVAC systems

2010 ◽  
Vol 42 (11) ◽  
pp. 2258-2267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Guillermo Escrivá-Escrivá ◽  
Isidoro Segura-Heras ◽  
Manuel Alcázar-Ortega
Keyword(s):  
Control System ◽  
Energy Management ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Hvac Systems ◽  
And Control

Chronic intake of valproic acid decreases total cholesterol level in adult population

2021 ◽  
Vol 15 (7) ◽  
pp. 1665-1667
Author(s):  
Rao S Aziz ◽  
Usman Saeed ◽  
Liaqat Ali ◽  
Muhammad Arshad ◽  
Roman Abbas ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Valproic Acid ◽  
Total Cholesterol ◽  
Cholesterol Oxidase ◽  
Total Cholesterol Level ◽  
Adult Population ◽  
Venous Blood ◽  
Case Group ◽  
Long Duration ◽  
And Control

Background: Valproic acid (VA) serve as the antimigraine, anti-mental disturbances agent and antiepileptic medicine. After using VA, metabolic rearrangements seen in patients that include alteration in lipoproteins levels; however, this topic is still under discussion and disputable. Aim: To discuss the effects of VA after using for long duration on total levels of cholesterol in adult. Methods: About Eighty candidates participated and they were divided into two groups namely, case group (40 candidates) and control groups40 candidates). All the candidates were asked for collection of venous blood sample in order to determine total cholesterol serum level among them via aid of enzymatic cholesterol oxidase phenol 4-aminoantipyrine peroxidase. By the aid of the logistic regression analysis, the relationship of the long-term VA treatment and the level of total cholesterol was obtained. With respect to our analysis, there is a co relation between total levels of cholesterol and long term usage of VA (P=0.003). Results: There were no noteworthy link for age, sex, body BMI, height medication usage, smoking, diabetes mellitus and VA dosage , except combination of anti-epileptic drugs Conclusion: In a net shell, by using VA for long duration, the total level of cholesterol in adults reduces. Keywords: Lipid profile, side effects, total cholesterol, valproic acid

Study on purification mechanism in soil penetration facility for effluents from urban area and control strategies

2006 ◽  
Vol 53 (2) ◽  
pp. 163-174 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Yamada ◽  
D. Ujiie ◽  
K. Nishikawa
Keyword(s):  
Surface Runoff ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Structural Characteristics ◽  
Pilot Scale ◽  
Storm Water ◽  
Storm Events ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Dissolved Matter ◽  
And Control

In this study, demonstration experiments for removal of pollutants from road surface runoff during storm events were carried out under natural conditions in an outdoor pilot-scale soil penetration facility. In general, soil retains suspended matter and removes dissolved matter by adsorption. However, issues such as reduced purification capacity resulting from clogging and recovery of purification capacity during periods of intermittent supply of the storm water affect the removal efficiency of pollutants. Therefore, this study aimed at clarifying purification mechanisms during storm events and understanding how the structural characteristics of the soil penetration facility affect purification capacity based on long-term continuous measurements. In addition, modeling the purification mechanism under changing characteristics of rainfall in the long-term was undertaken.

scholarly journals Membrane Fouling in Algal Separation Processes: A Review of Influencing Factors and Mechanisms

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andres Felipe Novoa ◽  
Johannes S. Vrouwenvelder ◽  
Luca Fortunato
Keyword(s):  
Membrane Fouling ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Membrane Surface ◽  
Cost Effective ◽  
Dynamic Responses ◽  
Feed Water ◽  
Operational Conditions ◽  
Term Operation ◽  
Fouling Control ◽  
And Control

The use of algal biotechnologies in the production of biofuels, food, and valuable products has gained momentum in recent years, owing to its distinctive rapid growth and compatibility to be coupled to wastewater treatment in membrane photobioreactors. However, membrane fouling is considered a main drawback that offsets the benefits of algal applications by heavily impacting the operation cost. Several fouling control strategies have been proposed, addressing aspects related to characteristics in the feed water and membranes, operational conditions, and biomass properties. However, the lack of understanding of the mechanisms behind algal biofouling and control challenges the development of cost-effective strategies needed for the long-term operation of membrane photobioreactors. This paper reviews the progress on algal membrane fouling and control strategies. Herein, we summarize information in the composition and characteristics of algal foulants, namely algal organic matter, cells, and transparent exopolymer particles; and review their dynamic responses to modifications in the feedwater, membrane surface, hydrodynamics, and cleaning methods. This review comparatively analyzes (i) efficiency in fouling control or mitigation, (ii) advantages and drawbacks, (iii) technological performance, and (iv) challenges and knowledge gaps. Ultimately, the article provides a primary reference of algal biofouling in membrane-based applications.

scholarly journals Temporal variations in COVID-19: an epidemiological discussion with a practical application

2021 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 030006052110332
Author(s):  
Mahnaz Derakhshan ◽  
Hamid Reza Ansarian ◽  
Mory Ghomshei
Keyword(s):  
Time Series ◽  
Community Dynamics ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Case Fatality ◽  
Temporal Variations ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Short Term ◽  
Weekly Cycles ◽  
And Control

Objective We aimed to characterize the temporal variation in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) infection and mortality as a possible tool to monitor and control the spread of this disease. Methods We analyzed cyclicity and synchronicity in cases of COVID-19 infection and time series of deaths using Fourier transform, its inverse method, and statistical treatments. Epidemiological indices (e.g., case fatality rate) were used to quantify the observations in the time series. The possible causes of short-term variations are reviewed. Results We observed that were both short-term and long-term variations in the COVID-19 time series. The short cycles were 7 days and synchronized among all countries. This periodicity is believed to be caused by weekly cycles in community social factors, combined with diagnostic and reporting cycles. This could also be related to virus–host–community dynamics. Conclusion The observed synchronized weekly cycles could serve as herd defense by providing a form of social distancing in time. The effect of such temporal distancing could be enhanced if combined with spatial distancing. Integrated spatiotemporal distancing is therefore recommended to optimize infection control strategies, taking into account the quiescent and active intervals of COVID-19.

scholarly journals Forecasting the long-term trend of COVID-19 epidemic using a dynamic model

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jichao Sun ◽  
Xi Chen ◽  
Ziheng Zhang ◽  
Shengzhang Lai ◽  
Bo Zhao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prevention And Control ◽  
Control Strategies ◽  
Intervention Strategies ◽  
Transmission Characteristics ◽  
Term Trend ◽  
Health Authorities ◽  
Current Outbreak ◽  
And Control ◽  
Long Term Trend

Abstract The current outbreak of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has recently been declared as a pandemic and spread over 200 countries and territories. Forecasting the long-term trend of the COVID-19 epidemic can help health authorities determine the transmission characteristics of the virus and take appropriate prevention and control strategies beforehand. This protocol introduced a new model named Dynamic-Susceptible-Exposed-Infective-Quarantined (D-SEIQ), by making appropriate modifications of the Susceptible-Exposed-Infective-Recovered (SEIR) model and integrating machine learning based parameter optimization under epidemiological rational constraints. The model could be applied to forecast the long-term trend of the current COVID-19 epidemic. The parameters obtained by the model could help assess the effectiveness of prevention and intervention strategies on epidemic control in different countries.

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