scholarly journals One Does Not Fit All: European Study Shows Significant Differences in Value-Priorities in Clean Sport

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Toby Woolway ◽  
Anne-Marie Elbe ◽  
Vassilis Barkoukis ◽  
Kevin Bingham ◽  
Konstantin Bochaver ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
International Standards ◽  
European Study ◽  
Sport Culture ◽  
Perceived Importance ◽  
Value Priorities ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Spirit Of Sport ◽  
The Relationship

Doping violates the Spirit of Sport and is thought to contradict the values which underpin this spirit. Values-based education (VBE) has been cited as a key element for creating a clean sport culture across age groups. Culturally relevant VBE requires understanding of the values that motivate athletes from different countries to practice their sport and uphold clean sport values. WADA's new International Standards for Education makes this study both needed and timely. Overall, 1,225 athletes from Germany, Greece, Italy, Russia, and the UK responded to measures assessing their general values, Spirit of Sport values, and their perceived importance of “clean sport”. MaxDiff analysis identified the most important values to participants based on their respective country of residence. Correlation analysis was conducted to assess the relationship between importance of clean sport and Spirit of Sport values. There were significant differences between participant nationality and their perceived importance of clean sport [F(4, 1,204) = 797.060, p < 0.000], the most important general values (p < 0.05), and Spirit of Sport values (p < 0.05). Moderate positive correlations were observed between the perceived importance of clean sport and honesty and ethics (r = 0.538, p < 0.005) and respecting the rules of sport (r = 0.507, p < 0.005). When designing the values-based component of anti-doping education programs, athletes' different value-priorities across countries should be considered.

Body Image and Wellbeing in Religious Male and Female Youth in Israel

2018 ◽  
pp. 1497-1519
Author(s):  
Shraga Fisherman
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Manova Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

In the current study described in this chapter, we examined the relationship between body image and well-being among religiously observant male and female youth from four age groups: 16, 17, 19, and 22. MANOVA analysis of age x gender produced a significant interaction regarding body image. Various trends were found among the two genders according to age group. Among the girls, there is a moderate rise in body image (BI) with age, whereas among the boys there is an obvious decline between 17 and 19, followed by an increase. The boys' BI scores were significantly higher than those of the girls aged 16, 17, and 19, but not for age 22. There were significant and positive correlations between BI and well-being for all age groups and both genders. There were high correlations among the girls relative to those among the boys.

scholarly journals SPECIFIC WOMEN FEARS DURING THE COVID-19 PANDEMIC DEPENDING ON AGE AND HAVING CHILDREN

2020 ◽  
pp. 47-51
Author(s):  
Tetiana Nefedova
Keyword(s):  
Trait Anxiety ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Psychological State ◽  
Movement Restriction ◽  
Fear Reaction ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
The Uk ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Fear Of Heights

The COVID-19 pandemic has changed the reality of Ukrainian women. Strong movement restriction, social isolation, the disinclination of the health care system have caused stress and intense emotional fear reaction for their lives and future, future and health of their relatives and children. A survey conducted in the UK has shown that men are more likely to get worse symptoms and die from COVID-19. Other researches, which took place in different countries around the world, have shown that women are more worried, anxious and scared about the consequences of the spread of the coronavirus. The article highlights the actual women's fears during the COVID-19 pandemic. It analyses the relationship of women's emotional state to different fears and state/trait anxiety. The aim of the article is to determine the influence of special terms during the COVID-19 pandemic on the intensity of women fears depending on age and having children. Participants (n=140) were asked to complete the Questionnaire of Actual Specific Fears (Ju. Shherbatyh), the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and the visual/verbal analogue fear ‘here and now' scale. The comparative analysis of two age-band groups has shown that there is no significant difference in the intensity of specific fears and anxiety for 25-44 and 45-60 age groups. It was found that women who have children are rather more worried about not getting ill with some disease, have much higher values of fear ‘here and now' and fear of heights as opposed to women who do not have children. The present study shows with what fears were women affected by during quarantine restrictions and the spread of the coronavirus. The article emphasizes the importance of the women psychological state, especially women who have children. It is obvious that additional researches are needed; they should explore specific fears connected with children and COVID-19. Further searches are seen in developing a system of psychological support for people who feel fear during the spread of different diseases and new probable pandemics.

scholarly journals Fractional urinary fluoride excretion of 6–7-year-old children attending schools in low-fluoride and naturally fluoridated areas in the UK

2012 ◽  
Vol 109 (10) ◽  
pp. 1903-1909 ◽  
Author(s):  
F. V. Zohoori ◽  
R. Walls ◽  
L. Teasdale ◽  
D. Landes ◽  
I. N. Steen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Age Groups ◽  
Significant Negative Correlation ◽  
The Body ◽  
Pearson’S Correlation ◽  
North East ◽  
Important Trace Element ◽  
Pearson's Correlation ◽  
The Mean ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

F is an important trace element for bones and teeth. The protective effect of F against dental caries is well established. Urine is the prime vehicle for the excretion of F from the body; however, the relationship between F intake and excretion is complex: the derived fractional urinary F excretion (FUFE) aids understanding of this in different age groups. The present study aimed to investigate the relationships between (1) total daily F intake (TDFI) and daily urinary F excretion (DUFE), and (2) TDFI and FUFE in 6–7-year-olds, recruited in low-F and naturally fluoridated (natural-F) areas in north-east England. TDFI from diet and toothbrushing and DUFE were assessed through F analysis of duplicate dietary plate, toothbrushing expectorate and urine samples using a F-ion-selective electrode. FUFE was calculated as the ratio between DUFE and TDFI. Pearson's correlation and regression analysis were used to investigate the relationship between TDFI and FUFE. A group of thirty-three children completed the study; twenty-one receiving low-F water (0·30 mg F/l) and twelve receiving natural-F water (1·06 mg F/l) at school. The mean TDFI was 0·076 (sd0·038) and 0·038 (sd0·027) mg/kg per d for the natural-F and low-F groups, respectively. The mean DUFE was 0·017 (sd0·007) and 0·012 (sd0·006) mg/kg per d for the natural-F and low-F groups, respectively. FUFE was lower in the natural-F group (30 %) compared with the low-F group (40 %). Pearson's correlation coefficient for (1) TDFI and DUFE was +0·22 (P= 0·22) and for (2) TDFI and FUFE was − 0·63 (P< 0·001). In conclusion, there was no correlation between TDFI and DUFE. However, there was a statistically significant negative correlation between FUFE and TDFI.

Body Image and Wellbeing in Religious Male and Female Youth in Israel

2016 ◽  
pp. 51-79
Author(s):  
Shraga Fisherman
Keyword(s):  
Body Image ◽  
Significant Interaction ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Well Being ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Male And Female ◽  
Female Youth ◽  
Positive Correlations ◽  
Manova Analysis ◽  
The Relationship

In the current study described in this chapter, we examined the relationship between body image and well-being among religiously observant male and female youth from four age groups: 16, 17, 19, and 22. MANOVA analysis of age x gender produced a significant interaction regarding body image. Various trends were found among the two genders according to age group. Among the girls, there is a moderate rise in body image (BI) with age, whereas among the boys there is an obvious decline between 17 and 19, followed by an increase. The boys' BI scores were significantly higher than those of the girls aged 16, 17, and 19, but not for age 22. There were significant and positive correlations between BI and well-being for all age groups and both genders. There were high correlations among the girls relative to those among the boys.

scholarly journals Psychological distress among people with probable COVID-19 infection: analysis of the UK Household Longitudinal Study

BJPsych Open ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire L. Niedzwiedz ◽  
Michaela Benzeval ◽  
Kirsten Hainey ◽  
Alastair H. Leyland ◽  
Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

Summary Studies exploring the longer-term effects of experiencing coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19) on mental health are lacking. We explored the relationship between reporting probable COVID-19 symptoms in April 2020 and psychological distress (measured using the General Health Questionnaire) 1, 2, 3, 5 and 7 months later. Data were taken from the UK Household Longitudinal Study, a nationally representative household panel survey of UK adults. Elevated levels of psychological distress were found up to 7 months after probable COVID-19, compared with participants with no likely infection. Associations were stronger among younger age groups and men. Further research into the psychological sequalae of COVID-19 is urgently needed.

scholarly journals Psychological distress among people with probable COVID-19 infection: analysis of the UK Household Longitudinal Study

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claire L Niedzwiedz ◽  
Michaela Benzeval ◽  
Kirsten Hainey ◽  
Alastair H Leyland ◽  
Srinivasa Vittal Katikireddi
Keyword(s):  
Psychological Distress ◽  
Longitudinal Study ◽  
General Health Questionnaire ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Health Questionnaire ◽  
Panel Survey ◽  
Younger Age ◽  
Nationally Representative ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryStudies exploring the longer-term effects of experiencing COVID-19 infection on mental health are lacking. We explored the relationship between reporting probable COVID-19 symptoms in April 2020 and psychological distress (measured using the General Health Questionnaire) one, two and three months later. Data were taken from the UK Household Longitudinal Study, a nationally representative household panel survey of UK adults. Elevated levels of psychological distress were found up to three months after probable COVID-19, compared to participants with no likely infection. Associations were stronger among younger age groups and men. Further research into the psychological sequalae of COVID-19 is urgently needed.

Thromboplastin Related Differences in the Determination of International Normalised Ratio: A Cause for Concern?

1994 ◽  
Vol 72 (03) ◽  
pp. 426-429 ◽  
Author(s):  
S Kitchen ◽  
I D Walker ◽  
T A L Woods ◽  
F E Preston
Keyword(s):  
Patient Management ◽  
External Quality Assessment ◽  
Oral Anticoagulant Therapy ◽  
Warfarin Dosage ◽  
External Quality ◽  
External Quality Assessment Scheme ◽  
International Normalised Ratio ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship

SummaryWhen the International Normalised Ratio (INR) is used for control of oral anticoagulant therapy the same result should be obtained irrespective of the laboratory reagent used. However, in the UK National External Quality Assessment Scheme (NEQAS) for Blood Coagulation INRs determined using different reagents have been significantly different.For 18 NEQAS samples Manchester Reagent (MR) was associated with significantly lower INRs than those obtained using Diagen Activated (DA, p = 0.0004) or Instrumentation Laboratory PT-Fib HS (IL, p = 0.0001). Mean INRs for this group were 3.15, 3.61, and 3.65 for MR, DA, and IL respectively. For 61 fresh samples from warfarin-ised patients with INRs of greater than 3.0 the relationship between thromboplastins in respect of INR was similar to that observed for NEQAS data. Thus INRs obtained with MR were significantly lower than with DA or IL (p <0.0001). Mean INRs for this group were 4.01, 4.40, and 4.59 for MR, DA, and IL respectively.We conclude that the differences between INRs measured with the thromboplastins studied here are sufficiently great to influence patient management through warfarin dosage schedules, particularly in the upper therapeutic range of INR. There is clearly a need to address the issues responsible for the observed discrepancies.

Researching (with) Major Food Retailers

2015 ◽  
Vol 15 (3) ◽  
pp. 33-39 ◽  
Author(s):  
David Evans
Keyword(s):  
Food Systems ◽  
Academic Research ◽  
Social Scientists ◽  
Major Food ◽  
Food Retailers ◽  
Food Retailer ◽  
The One ◽  
The Uk ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Opening Up

This paper considers the relationship between social science and the food industry, and it suggests that collaboration can be intellectually productive and morally rewarding. It explores the middle ground that exists between paid consultancy models of collaboration on the one hand and a principled stance of nonengagement on the other. Drawing on recent experiences of researching with a major food retailer in the UK, I discuss the ways in which collaborating with retailers can open up opportunities for accessing data that might not otherwise be available to social scientists. Additionally, I put forward the argument that researchers with an interest in the sustainability—ecological or otherwise—of food systems, especially those of a critical persuasion, ought to be empirically engaging with food businesses. I suggest that this is important in terms of generating better understandings of the objectionable arrangements that they seek to critique, and in terms of opening up conduits through which to affect positive changes. Cutting across these points is the claim that while resistance to commercial engagement might be misguided, it is nevertheless important to acknowledge the power-geometries of collaboration and to find ways of leveling and/or leveraging them. To conclude, I suggest that universities have an important institutional role to play in defining the terms of engagement as well as maintaining the boundaries between scholarship and consultancy—a line that can otherwise become quite fuzzy when the worlds of commerce and academic research collide.

TO STUDY THE DYNAMICS OF IMMUNITY IN BLACK-AND-WHITE COWS DEPENDING ON AGE

2020 ◽  
pp. 49-52
Author(s):  
М.В. ДОВЫДЕНКОВА
Keyword(s):  
Bactericidal Activity ◽  
Phagocytic Activity ◽  
Physiological State ◽  
Age Groups ◽  
Statistical Processing ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Feeding Methods ◽  
High Degree ◽  
The Relationship

Проведена статистическая обработка сформированной базы данных показателей неспецифической резистентности MS «Excel» с целью изучения динамики иммунитета по параметрам бактерицидной, лизоцимной и фагоцитарной активности у крупного рогатого скота черно-пестрой породы разных возрастов. Было установлено, что средние значения показателей лизоцимной и бактерицидной активности у телят в 6 мес были ниже (47,89% и 49,09%, соответственно), чем у животных в 3—4 года (53,75% и 52,81%). Выведено уравнение регрессии, описывающее взаимосвязь между средними показателями фагоцитарной активности и возрастом при высокой степени достоверности (R2=0,90). Изменения лизоцимной и бактерицидной активности в зависимости от возраста были недостоверными (R2=0,58 и R2=0,49, соответственно). Установлена высокая корреляция между бактерицидной и лизоцимной активностью. Отмечена динамика изменения неспецифического иммунитета у коров различных возрастных групп. Создание баз данных и постоянный мониторинг основных показателей естественной резистентности в зависимости от различных факторов (породы, возраста, стадий лактации, кормления, способов содержания), которые влияют на данные показатели, необходимо для оценки физиологического состояния организма животных и их устойчивости к болезням. Statistical processing of the generated MS "Excel" on indicators of non-specific resistance database was carried out with the aim of studying the dynamics of the development of immunity in terms of bactericidal, lysozyme and phagocytic activity in black-and-white cattle of different ages. It was found that the average values of indicators of lysozyme and bactericidal activity in calves at 6 months were lower (47.89% and 49.09%, respectively) than in animals at the age of 3—4 years (53.75% and 52.81%). The equation of regression was derived, it describes the relationship between the average indicators of phagocytic activity and the age with a high degree of reliability (R2=0.90). The changes in lysozyme and bactericidal activity depending on age were dubious (R2=0.58 and R2=0.49, respectively). The high correlation between bactericidal and lysozyme activity was established. It was noticed that the cows of different age groups experienced the dynamics of changes in nonspecific immunity. The creation of databases and constant monitoring of the main indicators of natural resistance, depending on various factors (breed, age, stages of lactation, feeding, methods of keeping) that affect these indicators, is necessary for assessing the physiological state of the animals’ body of and their resistance to diseases.

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