scholarly journals Risks Involved in the Use of Enrofloxacin for Salmonella Enteritidis or Salmonella Heidelberg in Commercial Poultry

2016 ◽  
Vol 3 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eduardo Morales-Barrera ◽  
Nicole Calhoun ◽  
Jose L. Lobato-Tapia ◽  
Vivian Lucca ◽  
Omar Prado-Rebolledo ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Commercial Poultry ◽  
Salmonella Heidelberg

Simultaneous Detection of Multiple Salmonella Serovars from Milk and Chicken Meat by Real-Time PCR Using Unique Genomic Target Regions

2017 ◽  
Vol 80 (11) ◽  
pp. 1944-1957 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayma Afroj ◽  
Khaled Aldahami ◽  
Gopal Reddy ◽  
Jean Guard ◽  
Abiodun Adesiyun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Simultaneous Detection ◽  
Taqman Assay ◽  
Comparative Genomic ◽  
Pcr Assay ◽  
Salmonella Dublin ◽  
Milk Samples ◽  
Specificity And Sensitivity ◽  
Salmonella Serovars ◽  
Salmonella Heidelberg

ABSTRACT A novel genomic and plasmid target-based PCR platform was developed for the detection of Salmonella serovars Heidelberg, Dublin, Hadar, Kentucky, and Enteritidis. Unique genome loci were obtained through extensive genome mining of protein databases and comparative genomic analysis of these serovars. Assays targeting Salmonella serovars Hadar, Heidelberg, Kentucky, and Dublin had 100% specificity and sensitivity, whereas those for Salmonella Enteritidis had 97% specificity and 88% sensitivity. The limits of detection for Salmonella serovars Heidelberg, Kentucky, Hadar, Enteritidis, and Dublin were 12, 9, 40, 13, and 5,280 CFU, respectively. A sensitivity assay was also performed by using milk artificially inoculated with pooled Salmonella serovars, yielding a detection limit of 1 to10 CFU/25 mL of milk samples after enrichment. The minimum DNA detected using the multiplexed TaqMan assay was 75.8 fg (1.53 × 101 genomic equivalents [GE]) for Salmonella Heidelberg, 140.8 fg (2.8 × 101 GE) for Salmonella Enteritidis, and 3.48 pg (6.96 × 102 GE) for Salmonella Dublin. PCR efficiencies were 89.8% for Salmonella Heidelberg, 94.5% for Salmonella Enteritidis, and 75.5% for Salmonella Dublin. Four types of 30 pasteurized milk samples were tested negative by culture techniques and with a genus-specific Salmonella invA gene PCR assay. Among 30 chicken samples similarly tested, 12 (40%) were positive by both culture and the invA PCR. Testing of these 12 samples with the serovar-specific PCR assay detected single and mixed contamination with Salmonella Kentucky, Salmonella Enteritidis, and Salmonella Heidelberg. Five unique primers were designed and tested by multiplex conventional PCR in conjunction with the use of the multiplex TaqMan assay with three of the primers. The diagnostic assays developed in this study could be used as tools for routine detection of these five Salmonella serovars and for epidemiological investigations of foodborne disease outbreaks.

Outbreaks of Salmonellosis in Minnesota (1998 through 2006) Associated with Frozen, Microwaveable, Breaded, Stuffed Chicken Products

2008 ◽  
Vol 71 (10) ◽  
pp. 2153-2160 ◽  
Author(s):  
KIRK E. SMITH ◽  
CARLOTA MEDUS ◽  
STEPHANIE D. MEYER ◽  
DAVID J. BOXRUD ◽  
FE LEANO ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Preparation Method ◽  
Chicken Nuggets ◽  
Key Factors ◽  
Consumer Responses ◽  
The Public ◽  
Microwave Cooking ◽  
Raw Poultry ◽  
Salmonella Heidelberg

From 1998 through 2006, four outbreaks of salmonellosis associated with raw, frozen, microwaveable, breaded, pre-browned, stuffed chicken products were identified in Minnesota. In 1998, 33 Salmonella Typhimurium cases were associated with a single brand of Chicken Kiev. In 2005, four Salmonella Heidelberg cases were associated with a different brand and variety (Chicken Broccoli and Cheese). From 2005 to 2006, 27 Salmonella Enteritidis cases were associated with multiple varieties of product, predominately of the same brand involved in the 1998 outbreak. In 2006, three Salmonella Typhimurium cases were associated with the same brand of product involved in the 2005 Salmonella Heidelberg outbreak. The outbreak serotype and pulsed-field gel electrophoresis subtype of Salmonella were isolated from product in each outbreak. In these outbreaks, most individuals affected thought that the product was precooked due to its breaded and prebrowned nature, most used a microwave oven, most did not follow package cooking instructions, and none took the internal temperature of the cooked product. Similar to previous salmonellosis outbreaks associated with raw, breaded chicken nuggets or strips in Canada and Australia, inadequate labeling, consumer responses to labeling, and microwave cooking were the key factors in the occurrence of these outbreaks. Modification of labels, verification of cooking instructions by the manufacturer, and notifications to alert the public that these products contain raw poultry, implemented because of the first two outbreaks, did not prevent the other outbreaks. Microwave cooking is not recommended as a preparation method for these types of products, unless they are precooked or irradiated prior to sale.

scholarly journals Behavior of Salmonella heidelberg and Salmonella enteritidis strains following broiler chick inoculation: evaluation of cecal morphometry, liver and cecum bacterial counts and fecal excretion patterns

2011 ◽  
Vol 42 (1) ◽  
pp. 266-273 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anderlise Borsoi ◽  
Luciana Ruschel do Santos ◽  
Laura Beatriz Rodrigues ◽  
Hamilton Luiz de Souza Moraes ◽  
Carlos Tadeu Pippi Salle ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Fecal Excretion ◽  
Broiler Chick ◽  
Bacterial Counts ◽  
Salmonella Heidelberg

Pooling of Laying Hen Environmental Swabs and Efficacy of Salmonella Detection

2020 ◽  
Vol 83 (6) ◽  
pp. 943-950
Author(s):  
DEANA R. JONES ◽  
RICHARD K. GAST ◽  
PRAFULLA REGMI ◽  
GARRETT E. WARD ◽  
KENNETH E. ANDERSON ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Low Dose ◽  
High Dose ◽  
Environmental Testing ◽  
Naturally Occurring ◽  
Rate Of Recovery ◽  
High Doses ◽  
The U.S ◽  
Salmonella Heidelberg

ABSTRACT Environmental testing for Salmonella Enteritidis is required for U.S. shell egg producers with ≥3,000 hens on a farm. The egg producer assumes all costs for the mandatory testing. According to the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) Egg Rule, either manure scraper or drag swabs can be collected according to published guidelines and requirements. The present study was undertaken to determine the efficacy of Salmonella detection with one-, two-, and four-swab pools of either manure scraper or drag swabs. Resistant isolates of Salmonella serovars Enteritidis (1,000 ppm of streptomycin), Heidelberg (200 ppm of nalidixic acid [NA]), Typhimurium (200 ppm of NA), and Kentucky (200 ppm of NA) were utilized. Low (approximately 8.4 CFU) and high (approximately 84 CFU) levels of inocula were introduced onto a single swab within a pool. Single flocks from each conventional cage (manure scraper swabs) and cage-free barn (drag swabs) were monitored throughout the study at the ages required under the FDA Egg Rule. The highest and most consistent recovery of inoculum was found in single swab samples. For low dose inocula, recovery of isolates was low from single manure scraper swabs (57.9 to 29.2%) and decreased as more swabs were added to the pool. Recovery of isolates from manure scraper swabs was higher for high dose inocula, although Salmonella Heidelberg was outcompeted by the naturally occurring flora and had the lowest rate of recovery among the isolates tested. One- and two-swab pools of drag swabs had similar rates of recovery at both low and high doses for Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Heidelberg, and Salmonella Typhimurium. When Salmonella Enteritidis and Salmonella Kentucky were combined in an inoculum, Salmonella Enteritidis was recovered at a much higher rate than was Salmonella Kentucky for all types of swabs and doses of inocula. Pooling of two drag swabs allowed for similar detection of low and high dose Salmonella, but the pooling of manure scraper swabs decreased detection of low dose Salmonella. HIGHLIGHTS

Effect of Chlorine-Induced Sublethal Oxidative Stress on the Biofilm-Forming Ability of Salmonella at Different Temperatures, Nutrient Conditions, and Substrates

2018 ◽  
Vol 82 (1) ◽  
pp. 78-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
JANAK DHAKAL ◽  
CHANDER S. SHARMA ◽  
RAMAKRISHNA NANNAPANENI ◽  
CHRISTOPHER D. McDANIEL ◽  
TAEJO KIM ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Biofilm Formation ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Staining Method ◽  
Salmonella Newport ◽  
Microtiter Plates ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Salmonella Heidelberg ◽  
Effect Of Chlorine

ABSTRACT The present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of chlorine-induced oxidative stress on biofilm formation by various Salmonella strains on polystyrene and stainless steel (SS) surfaces at three temperatures (30, 25 [room temperature], and 4°C) in tryptic soy broth (TSB) and 1/10 TSB. Fifteen Salmonella strains (six serotypes) were exposed to a sublethal chlorine concentration (150 ppm of total chlorine) in TSB for 2 h at the predetermined temperatures. The biofilm-forming ability of the Salmonella strains was determined in 96-well polystyrene microtiter plates by using a crystal violet staining method and on SS coupons in 24-well tissue culture plates. All tested strains of Salmonella produced biofilms on both surfaces tested at room temperature and at 30°C. Of the 15 strains tested, none (chlorine stressed and nonstressed) formed biofilm at 4°C. At 30°C, Salmonella Heidelberg (ID 72), Salmonella Newport (ID 107), and Salmonella Typhimurium (ATCC 14028) formed more biofilm than did their respective nonstressed controls on polystyrene (P ≤ 0.05). At room temperature, only stressed Salmonella Reading (ID 115) in 1/10 TSB had significantly more biofilm formation than did the nonstressed control cells (P ≤ 0.05). Salmonella strains formed more biofilm in nutrient-deficient medium (1/10 TSB) than in full-strength TSB. At 25°C, chlorine-stressed Salmonella Heidelberg (ATCC 8326) and Salmonella Enteritidis (ATCC 4931) formed stronger biofilms on SS coupons (P ≤ 0.05) than did the nonstressed cells. These findings suggest that certain strains of Salmonella can produce significantly stronger biofilms on plastic and SS upon exposure to sublethal chlorine.

scholarly journals Salmonella spp. em forros de caixa de transporte e órgãos de pintos de um dia

2003 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 672-676 ◽  
Author(s):  
P.T. Rocha ◽  
A.J. Mesquita ◽  
M.A. Andrade ◽  
P.R. Louly ◽  
M.N. Nascimento
Keyword(s):  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Salmonella Heidelberg

Estudou-se a ocorrência de Salmonella spp. em forros de caixa de transporte e em órgãos de pintos de corte de um dia, por meio de cultura bacteriológica convencional. Foram avaliadas 378 amostras de 18 lotes pertencentes a três empresas integradoras de frangos de corte do Estado de Goiás. Verificou-se a ocorrência de Salmonella spp. em 55,6 % (10/18) dos lotes sendo 10 lotes positivos oriundos de caixa de transporte e um lote de órgãos de pinto de um dia. A freqüência de isolamento de Salmonella spp. nos forros de caixas foi de 11,1%, e nos órgãos de pintos de corte de um dia, 3%. Os resultados sugerem a transmissão vertical do agente. Foram isolados os sorovares Salmonella Enteritidis e Salmonella Heidelberg, o primeiro mais freqüente (92,3%).

Evaluation of Avian-Specific Probiotic and Salmonella Enteritidis-, Salmonella Typhimurium-, and Salmonella Heidelberg-Specific Antibodies on Cecal Colonization and Organ Invasion of Salmonella Enteritidis in Broilers

2001 ◽  
Vol 64 (3) ◽  
pp. 287-291 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. TELLEZ ◽  
V. M. PETRONE ◽  
M. ESCORCIA ◽  
T. Y. MORISHITA ◽  
C. W. COBB ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Treatment Group ◽  
Salmonella Typhimurium ◽  
Salmonella Enteritidis ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Specific Antibodies ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Organ Invasion ◽  
Salmonella Heidelberg

Salmonella Enteritidis colonizes the intestinal tract of poultry and causes foodborne illness in humans. Reduction of Salmonella Enteritidis colonization in the intestinal tract of poultry reduces potential carcass contamination during slaughter. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of an avian-specific probiotic combined with Salmonella Enteritidis-, Salmonella Typhimurium-, and Salmonella Heidelberg-specific antibodies on the cecal colonization and organ invasion of Salmonella Enteritidis in broiler as well as on body weights. The treatment group was defined as chicks spray-vaccinated with Avian Pac Plus at the hatchery and given Avian Pac Plus for the first 3 days after placement. An intermediate treatment was given at 10 and 14 days, 2 days prior to vaccination and 2 days postvaccination. All birds were vaccinated with Newcastle disease vaccine, La Sota virus (one drop/eye) at 12 days of age. A final treatment was given 3 days preslaughter. The control group was defined as chicks not given Avian Pac Plus at any time. Six hours after oral administration of the probiotic suspension (treatment group) or water (control group) at placement, the chicks were challenged with Salmonella Enteritidis. All chickens were orally inoculated with 0.25 ml of Salmonella Enteritidis that contained 4 × 107 CFU/1.0 ml. Cecal colonization and organ invasion were evaluated for Salmonella Enteritidis on days 0, 1, 3, 7, 10, 17, 24, 31, 38, and 41. The probiotic-treated group had a significantly lower concentration of Salmonella Enteritidis cecal colonization at days 3, 7, 10, 17, 24, 31, 38, and 41 when compared to the nontreated, control group (P < 0.05). Similarly, there was a significant difference (P < 0.05) in the isolation of Salmonella Enteritidis from the internal organs (liver and spleen) when probiotic-treated and nonprobiotic-treated groups were compared. There was no significant difference (P > 0.05) in the mean body weight between the two experimental groups at each collection period. These results indicated that a combination of Lactobacillus acidophilus, Streptococcus faecium, and Salmonella Enteritidis, Salmonella Typhimurium, and Salmonella Heidelberg-Specific antibodies have a beneficial effect in reducing the colonization of Salmonella Enteritidis in market-aged broilers.

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