Sequence Types and Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles of Streptococcus uberis Isolated From Bovine Mastitis

ABSTRACT Intramammary infection with Streptococcus uberis is a common cause of bovine mastitis throughout the world. Several procedures to differentiate S. uberis isolates have been proposed. However, all are prone to interlaboratory variation, and none is suitable for the description of the population structure. We describe here the development of a multilocus sequence typing (MLST) scheme for S. uberis to help address these issues. The sequences of seven housekeeping gene fragments from each of 160 United Kingdom milk isolates of S. uberis were determined. Between 5 and 17 alleles were obtained per locus, giving the potential to discriminate between 1.3 × 107 sequence types. In this study, 57 sequence types (STs) were identified. Statistical comparisons between the maximum-likelihood trees constructed by using the seven housekeeping gene fragments showed that the congruence was no better than that between each tree and trees of random topology, indicating there had been significant recombination within these loci. The population contained one major lineage (designated the ST-5 complex). This dominated the population, containing 24 STs and representing 112 isolates. The other 33 STs were not assigned to any clonal complex. All of the isolates in the ST-5 lineage carried hasA, a gene that is essential for capsule production. There was no clear association between ST or clonal complex and disease. The S. uberis MLST system offers researchers a valuable tool that allows further investigation of the population biology of this organism and insights into the epidemiology of this disease on a global scale.

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Detection of antimicrobial resistance and virulence-related genes in Streptococcus uberis and Streptococcus parauberis isolated from clinical bovine mastitis cases in northwestern China

Journal of Integrative Agriculture ◽

10.1016/s2095-3119(20)63185-9 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 19 (11) ◽

pp. 2784-2791

Author(s):

Hang ZHANG ◽

Feng YANG ◽

Xin-pu LI ◽

Jin-yin LUO ◽

Ling WANG ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Northwestern China ◽

Streptococcus Uberis ◽

Streptococcus Parauberis

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Antimicrobial Resistance of Streptococcus uberis Isolated from Bovine Mastitis: A Review

Indian Journal of Animal Research ◽

10.18805/ijar.b-1377 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Tingrui Zhang ◽

Linli Tao ◽

Sukolrat Boonyayatra ◽

Guoyi Niu

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Bacterial Infections ◽

Animal Health ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Subclinical Mastitis ◽

Economic Losses ◽

Health Crisis ◽

The Public ◽

Streptococcus Uberis ◽

Global Threat

Bovine mastitis is one of the common diseases resulting in high economic losses in the dairy industry. Streptococcus uberis, the environmental or contagious pathogen, is one of the most frequently identified bacteria causing clinical and subclinical mastitis. Antimicrobials are commonly used to control bacterial infections in dairy cattle. The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) bacteria made the treatment of this disease by antimicrobials a challenge. Currently, AMR is a global threat to both human and animal health. This review summarizes the AMR profiles of S. uberis collected worldwide between the years 2000-2020. Most of the studies included in this review were from Europe, Estonia, Canada, Danish, Switzerland and Czech. In general, S. uberis is highly susceptible to β-lactam antimicrobials, whereas resistance to tetracyclines, macrolides, aminoglycosides antimicrobials occurred in most countries. The isolates against most antimicrobials presented an increasing pattern over time. It highlights that monitoring the AMR of S. uberis is crucial to reduce the public health crisis.

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Antimicrobial Resistance Profiles and Genes in Streptococcus uberis Associated With Bovine Mastitis in Thailand

Frontiers in Veterinary Science ◽

10.3389/fvets.2021.705338 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 8 ◽

Author(s):

Tingrui Zhang ◽

Guoyi Niu ◽

Sukolrat Boonyayatra ◽

Duangporn Pichpol

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Inhibitory Concentration ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Tetracycline Resistance ◽

Detection Rates ◽

Microdilution Method ◽

Streptococcus Uberis ◽

Stewardship Program ◽

Polymerase Chain ◽

Mastitis Pathogens

Streptococcus uberis is recognized as an environmental mastitis pathogen in dairy cattle. The varied success rate of antibiotic treatment for S. uberis intramammary infection may be associated with the antimicrobial resistance (AMR) of these bacteria. This observational study aimed to analyze 228 S. uberis strains associated with bovine mastitis in northern Thailand from 2010 to 2017. AMR and AMR genes were determined by the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) using a microdilution method and polymerase chain reaction, respectively. The majority of S. uberis strains were resistant to tetracycline (187/228, 82.02%), followed by ceftiofur (44/228, 19.30%), and erythromycin (19/228, 8.33%). The MIC50 and MIC90 of ceftiofur in 2017 were 2–4-fold higher than those in 2010 (P < 0.01). Resistance to tetracycline and ceftiofur significantly increased between 2010 and 2017 (P < 0.05). The most common gene detected in S. uberis was tetM (199/228, 87.28%), followed by ermB (151/228, 66.23 %) and blaZ (15/228, 6.58 %). The association between tetracycline resistance and tetM detection was statistically significant (P < 0.01). The detection rates of tetM significantly increased, while the detection rates of tetO and ermB significantly decreased during 2010–2017. AMR monitoring for bovine mastitis pathogens, especially S. uberis, is necessary to understand the trend of AMR among mastitis pathogens, which can help create an AMR stewardship program for dairy farms in Thailand.

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Genotypic Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistant Salmonella spp. Strains from Three Poultry Processing Plants in Colombia

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods10030491 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 10 (3) ◽

pp. 491

Author(s):

Alejandra Ramirez-Hernandez ◽

Ana K. Carrascal-Camacho ◽

Andrea Varón-García ◽

Mindy M. Brashears ◽

Marcos X. Sanchez-Plata

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Salmonella Spp ◽

Microbial Profile ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance Genes ◽

Processing Plants ◽

Poultry Processing ◽

Paratyphi B ◽

And Control ◽

Sequence Types

The poultry industry in Colombia has implemented several changes and measures in chicken processing to improve sanitary operations and control pathogens’ prevalence. However, there is no official in-plant microbial profile reference data currently available throughout the processing value chains. Hence, this research aimed to study the microbial profiles and the antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella isolates in three plants. In total, 300 samples were collected in seven processing sites. Prevalence of Salmonella spp. and levels of Enterobacteriaceae were assessed. Additionally, whole-genome sequencing was conducted to characterize the isolated strains genotypically. Overall, the prevalence of Salmonella spp. in each establishment was 77%, 58% and 80% for plant A, B, and C. The mean levels of Enterobacteriaceae in the chicken rinsates were 5.03, 5.74, and 6.41 log CFU/mL for plant A, B, and C. Significant reductions were identified in the counts of post-chilling rinsate samples; however, increased levels were found in chicken parts. There were six distinct Salmonella spp. clusters with the predominant sequence types ST32 and ST28. The serotypes Infantis (54%) and Paratyphi B (25%) were the most commonly identified within the processing plants with a high abundance of antimicrobial resistance genes.

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Molecular Characterization of Antimicrobial Resistance and Virulence Genes of Bacterial Pathogens from Bovine and Caprine Mastitis in Northern Lebanon

Microorganisms ◽

10.3390/microorganisms9061148 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 9 (6) ◽

pp. 1148

Author(s):

Zahie Abboud ◽

Lucia Galuppo ◽

Marco Tolone ◽

Maria Vitale ◽

Roberto Puleio ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Molecular Characterization ◽

Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽

Meca Gene ◽

Toxin Gene ◽

Pcr Screening ◽

E Coli ◽

Presenting Symptoms ◽

Flight Mass Spectrometry ◽

Streptococcus Uberis

Mastitis is an infectious disease encountered in dairy animals worldwide that is currently a growing concern in Lebanon. This study aimed at investigating the etiology of the main mastitis-causing pathogens in Northern Lebanon, determining their antimicrobial susceptibility profiles, and identifying their antimicrobial resistance (AMR) genes. A total of 101 quarter milk samples were collected from 77 cows and 11 goats presenting symptoms of mastitis on 45 dairy farms. Bacterial identification was carried out through matrix-assisted laser desorption/ionization-time of flight mass spectrometry. Antimicrobial susceptibility was tested by disc diffusion and broth microdilution methods. Molecular characterization included polymerase chain reaction (PCR) screening for genes encoding extended-spectrum beta-lactamases (ESBLs) and plasmid-mediated AmpC among Enterobacterales isolates, and virulence factors among Staphylococcus isolates. Escherichia coli isolates were subjected to phylogenetic typing by a quadruplex PCR method. The most frequently identified species were Streptococcus uberis (19.2%), Streptococcus agalactiae (15.1%), E. coli (12.3%), and Staphylococcus aureus (10.96%). Gram-positive bacteria were resistant to macrolides and tetracycline, whereas gram-negative bacteria displayed resistance to ampicillin and tetracycline. Two ESBL genes, blaTEM (83.3%) and blaOXA (16.7%), and one AmpC beta-lactamase gene, blaCMY-II (16.7%), were detected among six E. coli isolates, which mainly belonged to phylogenetic group B1. Among Staphylococcus spp., the mecA gene was present in three isolates. Furthermore, four isolates contained at least one toxin gene, and all S. aureus isolates carried the ica operon. These findings revealed the alarming risk of AMR in the Lebanese dairy chain and the importance of monitoring antimicrobial usage.

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Influence of nutrient availability on in vitro growth of major bovine mastitis pathogens

Journal of Dairy Research ◽

10.1017/s0022029921000133 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 88 (1) ◽

pp. 80-88

Author(s):

Remo Stürmlin ◽

Josef J. Gross ◽

Olga Wellnitz ◽

Lea A. Wagner ◽

Camille Monney ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Bacterial Growth ◽

Nutrient Availability ◽

Bovine Mastitis ◽

Milk Composition ◽

B Vitamins ◽

E Coli ◽

Streptococcus Uberis ◽

Whole Milk ◽

Mastitis Pathogens

AbstractThe aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of milk composition changes on the in vitro growth of bovine mastitis pathogens. Nutritional requirements of three major bovine mastitis pathogens Escherichia coli (E. coli), Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus), and Streptococcus uberis (S. uberis) were investigated in vitro. We used ultra-high temperature (UHT) treated milk with different contents of fat, protein, and carbohydrates to test the influence of the availability of various milk constituents on pathogen growth characteristics. Additionally, the bacterial growth was investigated under experimentally modified nutrient availability by dilution and subsequent supplementation with individual nutrients (carbohydrates, different nitrogen sources, minerals, and different types of B vitamins) either to milk or to a conventional medium (thioglycolate broth, TB). Varying contents of fat, protein or lactose did not affect bacterial growth with the exception of growth of S. uberis being promoted in protein-enriched milk. The addition of nutrients to diluted whole milk and TB partly revealed different effects, indicating that there are media-specific growth limiting factors after dilution. Supplementation of minerals to diluted milk did not affect growth rates of all studied bacteria. Bacterial growth in diluted whole milk was decreased by the addition of high concentrations of amino acids in S. aureus, and by urea and additional B vitamins in E. coli and S. aureus. The growth rate of S. uberis was increased by the addition of B vitamins to diluted whole milk. The present results demonstrate that growth-limiting nutrients differ among pathogen types. Because reduced bacterial growth was only shown in diluted milk or TB, it is unlikely that alterations in nutrient availability occurring as a consequence of physiological changes of milk composition in the cow's udder would directly affect the susceptibility or course of bovine mastitis.

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Population genomics and antimicrobial resistance dynamics of Escherichia coli in wastewater and river environments

Communications Biology ◽

10.1038/s42003-021-01949-x ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 4 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Jose F. Delgado-Blas ◽

Cristina M. Ovejero ◽

Sophia David ◽

Natalia Montero ◽

William Calero-Caceres ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Escherichia Coli ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Population Genomics ◽

Population Diversity ◽

Genomic Diversity ◽

Resistant Bacteria ◽

Aquatic Environments ◽

E Coli ◽

Water Ecosystems ◽

Sequence Types

AbstractAquatic environments are key niches for the emergence, evolution and dissemination of antimicrobial resistance. However, the population diversity and the genetic elements that drive the dynamics of resistant bacteria in different aquatic environments are still largely unknown. The aim of this study was to understand the population genomics and evolutionary events of Escherichia coli resistant to clinically important antibiotics including aminoglycosides, in anthropogenic and natural water ecosystems. Here we show that less different E. coli sequence types (STs) are identified in wastewater than in rivers, albeit more resistant to antibiotics, and with significantly more plasmids/cell (6.36 vs 3.72). However, the genomic diversity within E. coli STs in both aquatic environments is similar. Wastewater environments favor the selection of conserved chromosomal structures associated with diverse flexible plasmids, unraveling promiscuous interplasmidic resistance genes flux. On the contrary, the key driver for river E. coli adaptation is a mutable chromosome along with few plasmid types shared between diverse STs harboring a limited resistance gene content.

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Antimicrobial resistance mechanisms, MLST and NG-STAR sequence types of diverse Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa

Antimicrobial Agents and Chemotherapy ◽

10.1128/aac.00759-21 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Nireshni Mitchev ◽

Ravesh Singh ◽

Mushal Allam ◽

Stanford Kwenda ◽

Arshad Ismail ◽

...

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Neisseria Gonorrhoeae ◽

Point Mutations ◽

Resistance Mechanisms ◽

Public Healthcare ◽

Multiple Sequence ◽

Genotypic Analysis ◽

Kwazulu Natal ◽

Sequence Types

Objective: Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) is a major challenge to managing infectious diseases. Africa has the highest incidence of gonorrhoea but there is a lack of comprehensive data from sparse surveillance programs. This study investigated the molecular epidemiology and AMR profiles of Neisseria gonorrhoeae isolates in KwaZulu-Natal province (KZN), South Africa. Methods: Repository isolates, from patients attending public healthcare clinics for STI care, were used for phenotypic and genotypic analysis. Etest® was performed to determine antimicrobial susceptibility. Whole-genome sequencing (WGS) was used to determine epidemiology and to predict susceptibility by detecting resistance-associated genes and mutations. Results: Among the 61 isolates, multiple sequence types were identified. Six isolates were novel as determined by multilocus sequence typing. N.gonorrhoeae Sequence Typing for Antimicrobial Resistance (NG-STAR) determined 48 sequence types, of which 35 isolates had novel antimicrobial profiles. Two novel penA alleles and eight novel mtrR alleles were identified. Point mutations were detected in gyrA , parC , mtrR , penA , ponA and porB1 . This study revealed a high prevalence of AMR (penicillin 67%, tetracycline 89% and ciprofloxacin 52%). However, spectinomycin, cefixime, ceftriaxone and azithromycin remained 100% effective. Conclusion: This study is one of the first to comprehensively describe the epidemiology and AMR of N. gonorrhoeae in KZN, South Africa and Africa, using WGS. KZN has a wide strain diversity and most of these sequence types have been detected in multiple countries, however more than half of our isolates have novel antimicrobial profiles. Continued surveillance is crucial to monitor the emergence of resistance to cefixime, ceftriaxone and azithromycin.

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Australian Group on Antimicrobial Resistance (AGAR) Australian Enterococcal Sepsis Outcome Programme (AESOP) Annual Report 2018

Communicable Diseases Intelligence ◽

10.33321/cdi.2020.44.19 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 44 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Geoffrey W Coombs ◽

Denise A Daley ◽

Shakeel Mowlaboccus ◽

Yung Thin Lee ◽

Stanley Pang ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Antimicrobial Resistance ◽

Molecular Epidemiology ◽

Annual Report ◽

Treatment Options ◽

Northern Territory ◽

Australian Capital Territory ◽

Ampicillin Resistance ◽

High Level ◽

Sequence Types ◽

Outcome Programme

From 1 January to 31 December 2018, thirty-six institutions around Australia participated in the Australian Enterococcal Sepsis Outcome Programme (AESOP). The aim of AESOP 2018 was to determine the proportion of enterococcal bacteraemia isolates in Australia that were antimicrobial resistant, and to characterise the molecular epidemiology of the E. faecium isolates. Of the 1,248 unique episodes of bacteraemia investigated, 93.5% were caused by either E. faecalis (54.2%) or E. faecium (39.3%). Ampicillin resistance was not detected in E. faecalis but was detected in 89.4% of E. faecium. Vancomycin non-susceptibility was not detected in E. faecalis but was reported in 45.0% of E. faecium. Overall 49.3% of E. faecium isolates harboured vanA or vanB genes. Of the vanA/vanB positive E. faecium isolates, 52.9% harboured vanA genes and 46.2% vanB genes; 0.8% harboured both vanA and vanB genes. The percentage of E. faecium bacteraemia isolates resistant to vancomycin in Australia is substantially higher than that seen in most European countries. E. faecium consisted of 59 multilocus sequence types (STs) of which 74.4% of isolates were classified into six major STs containing ten or more isolates. All major STs belong to clonal cluster (CC) 17, a major hospital-adapted polyclonal E. faecium cluster. The predominant STs (ST17, ST1424, ST796, ST80, ST1421, and ST262) were found across most regions of Australia. The most predominant clone was ST17 which was identified in all regions except the Australian Capital Territory and the Northern Territory. Overall, 55.8% of isolates belonging to the six predominant STs harboured vanA or vanB genes. The AESOP 2018 study has shown that enterococcal bacteraemias in Australia are frequently caused by polyclonal ampicillin-resistant high-level gentamicin-resistant vanA- or vanB-harbouring E. faecium which have limited treatment options.

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