scholarly journals Rumen Microbiome and Metabolome of Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries) Reflect Animal Age and Nutritional Requirement

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 ◽  
Author(s):  
Huan Li ◽  
Qiaoling Yu ◽  
Tongtong Li ◽  
Liye Shao ◽  
Ming Su ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Nutritional Requirement ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
Tibetan Sheep

Rumen bacterial diversity of Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) associated with different forage types on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

2019 ◽  
Vol 65 (12) ◽  
pp. 859-869 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiongxiong Cui ◽  
Zhaofeng Wang ◽  
Tianhai Yan ◽  
Shenghua Chang ◽  
Hong Wang ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Bacterial Community ◽  
High Throughput ◽  
High Throughput Sequencing ◽  
Diet Group ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Bacterial Composition ◽  
Rumen Microbiome ◽  
Tibetan Sheep ◽  
Native Pasture

Diet is the great determinant of bacterial composition in the rumen. However, little is known about the rumen bacterial community of Tibetan sheep living in the special ecological environment of the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau (QTP) of China. In the present study, we used high-throughput sequencing to investigate the rumen bacterial community of Tibetan sheep associated with two primary diets: alpine pasture diet (a continuation of the sheep’s natural grazing diet) and oat (Avena sativa) hay diet on the QTP. The results showed that bacterial community richness and species diversity of the oat hay diet group were significantly greater than that of the native pasture diet group (p < 0.05). Principal co-ordinate analysis and analysis of similarities revealed that the bacterial community of the oat hay diet group was distinctly different from that of the native pasture diet group (p < 0.05). Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the predominant microbial phyla in the rumen. The rumen of oat-hay-fed sheep had higher proportions of Proteobacteria and novel bacteria species than the rumen of native-pasture-fed sheep. Actinobacteria, an uncommon bacterial phylum, occurred only in the oat-hay-fed group. At the genus level, Komagataeibacter, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, and Ruminococcaceae_NK4A214 showed significantly higher relative abundance in the oat-hay-fed sheep than in the native-pasture-fed sheep (p < 0.05). This study is the first of the QTP to employ high-throughput sequencing to examine the influence of diet on the rumen microbiome of Tibetan sheep.

scholarly journals Analysis of agouti signaling protein (ASIP) gene polymorphisms and association with coat color in Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries)

2015 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 1200-1209 ◽  
Author(s):  
J.L. Han ◽  
M. Yang ◽  
Y.J. Yue ◽  
T.T. Guo ◽  
J.B. Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Gene Polymorphisms ◽  
Coat Color ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Signaling Protein ◽  
Tibetan Sheep

scholarly journals Phylogeography and Phylogenetic Evolution in Tibetan Sheep Based on MT-CYB Sequences

Animals ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (7) ◽  
pp. 1177
Author(s):  
Jianbin Liu ◽  
Zengkui Lu ◽  
Chao Yuan ◽  
Fan Wang ◽  
Bohui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Mitochondrial Dna ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Clustering Analysis ◽  
Genetic Resource ◽  
Population Studies ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Base Pairs ◽  
Branching Order ◽  
Tibetan Sheep ◽  
Phylogenetic Evolution

To date, molecular genetics and population studies in Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) have been limited, and little is known about the phylogenetic evolution and phylogeography of Tibetan sheep populations. The aim of the present research was to explore phylogeography and phylogenetic evolution of Tibetan sheep populations, on the basis of mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) gene MT-CYB (1140 base pairs). Our dataset consisted of 641 MT-CYB sequences from the same amount of animals belonging to 15 populations of Tibetan sheep living in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, China. Haplotype and nucleotide diversities were 0.748 ± 0.010 and 0.003 ± 0.001, respectively. The analysis of phylogeography revealed the presence of two formerly described haplogroups in 15 populations of Tibetan sheep, however only one haplogroup was present in Awang sheep. Moreover, 641 Tibetan sheep were distributed into a minimum of two clusters by clustering analysis. The 15 Tibetan sheep populations and 19 reference populations of 878 individuals were separated into six main groups based on their substitutions per site, from which we constructed a phylogenetic tree. Minor differences in branching order of various taxa between trees acquired from either gene were observed. This study provides insights on the origins and phylogenetic evolution of populations residing in the Qinghai–Tibetan Plateau, which will aid information of future conservation programs aimed at conserving this valuable genetic resource.

scholarly journals Variations in Behavioral and Physiological Traits in Yearling Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries)

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1676
Author(s):  
Yibo Yu ◽  
Yun Wang ◽  
Liang Zhong ◽  
Hongjuan Zhu ◽  
Jiapeng Qu
Keyword(s):  
Heart Rate ◽  
Adult Stage ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Physiological Traits ◽  
Behavioral Consistency ◽  
Animal Evolution ◽  
Behavioral Interactions ◽  
Fecal Cortisol ◽  
Tibetan Sheep ◽  
Behavioral Variables

Temperament is a consistent behavioral difference among individuals over time or in different contexts. A comprehensive understanding of temperament and complex behavioral interactions enhances knowledge on animal evolution, welfare, and productivity. However, reports on the development of behavioral consistency over ontogeny are vague. Here, we tested the ontogeny of the temperament and physiological traits of Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) in three crucial age stages. The mean level of the risk-taking variable increased, while that of the vocalizations variable decreased. The exploration variable was stable over ontogeny. The novelty decreased and the heart rate increased from the juvenile to the adolescent stage but stabilized at the adult stage. The fecal cortisol concentration (CORT) variable was stable at the juvenile and adolescent stages but decreased at the adult stage. Stable correlations were reported for the juvenile and adolescent stages and for the behavioral variables and heart rate. However, some correlations emerged only after maturation, whereas others disappeared over ontogeny. Moreover, CORT was independent of temperament and heart rate at different ages. These results demonstrate that age affects temperament and physiology and their correlations. Hence, developmental aspects should be incorporated into future temperament studies.

scholarly journals Fecal Bacterial Community of Allopatric Przewalski’s Gazelles and Their Sympatric Relatives

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ruoshuang Liu ◽  
Jianbin Shi ◽  
Susanne Shultz ◽  
Dongsheng Guo ◽  
Dingzhen Liu
Keyword(s):  
Bacterial Community ◽  
Community Composition ◽  
Bacterial Communities ◽  
Bacterial Community Composition ◽  
Ecological Factors ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Host Community ◽  
Tibetan Sheep ◽  
Fecal Bacterial Community ◽  
The Impact

Mammal gastrointestinal tracts harbor diverse bacterial communities that play important roles in digestion, development, behavior, and immune function. Although, there is an increasing understanding of the factors that affect microbial community composition in laboratory populations, the impact of environment and host community composition on microbiomes in wild populations is less understood. Given that the composition of bacterial communities can be shaped by ecological factors, particularly exposure to the microbiome of other individuals, inter-specific interactions should impact on microbiome community composition. Here, we evaluated inter-population and inter-specific similarity in the fecal microbiota of Przewalski’s gazelle (Procapra przewalskii), an endangered endemic ruminant around Qinghai Lake in China. We compared the fecal bacterial communities of three Przewalski’s gazelle populations, with those of two sympatric ruminants, Tibetan gazelle (Procapra picticaudata) and Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries). The fecal bacterial community richness (Chao1, ACE) did not vary across the three Przewalski’s gazelle populations, nor did the composition vary between species. In contrast, the managed Przewalski’s gazelle population had higher bacterial diversity (Shannon and Simpson) and was more similar to its sympatric Tibetan sheep in beta diversity than the wild Przewalski’s gazelle populations. These results suggest that ecological factors like host community composition or diet affect Przewalski’s gazelle’s gastrointestinal bacterial community. The role of bacterial community composition in maintaining gastrointestinal health should be assessed to improve conservation management of endangered Przewalski’s gazelle. More broadly, captive breeding and reintroduction efforts may be impeded, where captive management results in dysbiosis and introduction of pathogenic bacteria. In free ranging populations, where wildlife and livestock co-occur, infection by domestic pathogens and diseases may be an underappreciated threat to wild animals.

scholarly journals Comparison of neuroglobin expression in the retina of Tibetan sheep (Ovis ammon or argali ) and domestic sheep (Ovis aries )

2021 ◽  
Vol 77 (04) ◽  
pp. 6512-2021
Author(s):  
XIAOHUA DU ◽  
XIA LIU ◽  
JAMES BLACKAR MAWOLO
Keyword(s):  
Oxygen Transport ◽  
Inner Core ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Oxygen Metabolism ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Domestic Sheep ◽  
Positive Expression ◽  
Tibetan Sheep ◽  
Ovis Ammon ◽  
The Brain

Neuroglobin (Ngb) is a member of the globin member that is mainly expressed in the brain and retina. The expression in the retina is greater than it is in the brain because of the high demand for oxygen by the retina. This protein reversibly binds oxygen and is involved in oxygen transport or protection against oxidative stress. The study aims to explore the pattern of Ngb expression in Tibetan sheep (Ovis ammon or argali ) living in a plateau region and domestic sheep (Ovis aries) dwelling on low land. The study also provides detailed insight into the morphological characteristics of Ngb distribution closely related to oxygen metabolism in the retina of Tibetan and domestic sheep. Immunohistochemical staining procedures were performed to detect the Ngb protein expression in the retinae of both sheep, while the Inter’s integrated performance primitives (IPP) semi-quantitative analysis was employed to compare the quantities of Ngb expressed in the retinae of the two types of sheep. The outer nuclear layer and the outer segment of the photoreceptor showed a negative Ngb expression, while a weak positive expression was observed in the inner core layer and ganglion cell layer, while a strong positive expression was found in the other layers. The independent T-test revealed that the expression intensity in the nerve fiber layer, inner and outer plexus layers, inner segment of the photoreceptor, and superior pigment cortex were significantly higher in the Tibetan sheep as compared to the domestic sheep. The overall Ngb expression in the Tibetan sheep was higher than the domestic sheep. The study emphasized that the different Ngb expression in the Tibetan and domestic sheep may influence their adaptation to the respective environments. The stronger Ngb expression in the retina of Tibetan sheep may indicate that Ngb is closely related to the oxygen metabolism of these animals and has a function during oxygen transport.

scholarly journals Rumen Microbiota of Tibetan Sheep (Ovis aries) Adaptation to Extremely Cold Season on the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau

2021 ◽  
Vol 8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingshan Fan ◽  
Xiongxiong Cui ◽  
Zhaofeng Wang ◽  
Shenghua Chang ◽  
Metha Wanapat ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Performance ◽  
Nutritional Quality ◽  
Cold Season ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Tibet Plateau ◽  
Rumen Microbiota ◽  
Next Generation Sequencing Technology ◽  
Tibetan Sheep ◽  
Serum Biochemical

The Qinghai-Tibet Plateau is characterized by low temperatures and hypoxia, and this feature is more obvious in the winter. However, it is not clear how Tibetan sheep adapt to extreme cold climates. To address this, we used physiological methods combined with next-generation sequencing technology to explore the differences in growth performance, forage nutrient digestion, serum biochemical indexes, and rumen microbial communities of Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) between the summer and winter. In the summer, owing to the high nutritional quality of the forage, the Tibetan sheep showed enhanced forage degradation and fermentation though increased counts of important bacteria in the rumen, such as Bacteroidetes, Prevotella_1, Prevotellaceae_UCG-003, Ruminococcus_1, Saccharofermentans, and Ruminococcaceae_UCG-014, to improve the growth performance and increase serum immunity and antioxidant status. In the winter, owing to the low nutritional quality of the forage, the Tibetan sheep presented low values of forage degradation and fermentation indicators. The relative abundance of Firmicutes, the Firmicutes/Bacteroidetes ratio, microbial diversity, interactive activity between microorganisms, and metabolism were significantly increased, implying that the rumen microbiota could promote the decomposition of forage biomass and the maintenance of energy when forage nutritional value was insufficient in the winter. Our study helps in elucidating the mechanism by which Tibetan sheep adapt to the high-altitude harsh environments, from the perspective of the rumen microbiota.

scholarly journals Oat hay as winter feed improves digestibility, nitrogen balance and energy utilization of Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries) in the Qinghai Tibetan Plateau

2019 ◽  
Vol 230 ◽  
pp. 103854
Author(s):  
Nadir Abdelraheem ◽  
Fuhou Li ◽  
Penghui Guo ◽  
Yi Sun ◽  
Yang Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Nitrogen Balance ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Energy Utilization ◽  
Tibetan Sheep

scholarly journals Seroprevalence and Epidemiology of Toxoplasma gondii in Animals in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Area, China

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 432
Author(s):  
Guojing Li ◽  
Wangli Zheng ◽  
Jinfang Yang ◽  
Tongsheng Qi ◽  
Yongcai He ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Toxoplasma Gondii ◽  
Tibetan Plateau ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Elisa Test ◽  
Ovis Aries ◽  
Control Measures ◽  
Worldwide Distribution ◽  
Plateau Area ◽  
Tibetan Sheep ◽  
Wide Range

Toxoplasma gondii belongs to the Apicomplexan protozoa—an obligate intracellular parasite—causing toxoplasmosis that has a worldwide distribution and is very harmful to both human health and the livestock industry. However, the information on toxoplasmosis in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau Area (QTPA) and the seroprevalence of T. gondii in the food-borne animals in that area has been limited. Therefore, this study focused to T. gondii and toxoplasmosis to perform an indirect ELISA test based on recombinant TgSAG2 protein to establish a comprehensive record of the seroprevalence of T. gondii infections in a wide range of animals, including Tibetan sheep (Ovis aries), yaks (Bos grunniens), cows, chicken, pigs, and horses, in the QTPA. Overall, the seropositive rates of the specific-T. gondii IgG and IgM antibodies in all investigated animals were 44.1% (1179/2673) and 18.0% (469/2612), respectively. The 14.9% (389/2612) sera were determined to be both IgG and IgM positive samples, 30.2% (789/2673) were single-IgG seropositive, and a total of 80 in 2612 animals (3.0%) were single-IgM seropositive. Moreover, for the animal species, the pig was the most prevalent animal (90.2%, 304/337) for IgG positivity, followed by Tibetan sheep (50.7%, 460/907), chickens (45.8%, 229/500), yaks (21.1%, 140/663), cows (18.5%, 38/205) and horses (13.1%, 8/61), respectively. For the IgM antibody positivity, the pig was also the most prevalent animal (41.8%, 141/337), followed by Tibetan sheep (21.2%, 191/907), cows (15.1%, 31/205), chickens (12.4%, 62/500) and yaks (6.6%, 44/663), respectively. The significant differences in the prevalent distribution of T. gondii were found in the different altitudes. In conclusion, this study found the high seroprevalence for T. gondii infections among these animal species in the QTPA, and provides new data to facilitate further research for development of control measures against T. gondii infections in the surveyed locations.

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